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Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed rat sciatic nerves reestablishes axonal continuity and reorganizes sensory terminal fields in the spinal cord

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第7期20卷 2095-2107页

作者： Emily A.Hibbard Liwen Zhou Cathy Z.Yang Karthik Venkudusamy Yessenia Montoya Alexa Olivarez George D.Bittner Dale r.Sengelaub Program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

Peripheral nerve injuries result in the rapid degeneration of distal nerve segments and immediate loss of motor and sensory functions;behavioral recovery is typically *** used a plasmalemmal fusogen,polyethylene glycol(PEG),to immediately fuse closely apposed open ends of severed proximal and distal axons in rat sciatic *** have previously reported that sciatic nerve axons repaired by PEG-fusion do not undergo Wallerian degeneration,and PEG-fused animals exhibit rapid(within 2–6 weeks)and extensive locomotor ***,our previous report showed that PEG-fusion of severed sciatic motor axons was non-specific,i.e.,spinal motoneurons in PEG-fused animals were found to project to appropriate as well as inappropriate target *** this study,we examined the consequences of PEG-fusion for sensory axons of the sciatic *** adult male and female rats(Sprague–Dawley)received either a unilateral single cut or ablation injury to the sciatic nerve and subsequent repair with or without(Negative Control)the application of *** action potentials recorded immediately after PEG-fusion repair confirmed conduction across the injury *** success of PEG-fusion was confirmed through Sciatic Functional Index testing with PEG-fused animals showing improvement in locomotor function beginning at 35 days *** 2–42 days postoperatively,we anterogradely labeled sensory afferents from the dorsal aspect of the hindpaw following bilateral intradermal injection of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish ***-fusion repair reestablished axonal *** to unoperated animals,labeled sensory afferents ipsilateral to the injury in PEG-fused animals were found in the appropriate area of the dorsal horn,as well as inappropriate mediolateral and rostrocaudal ***,despite having intact peripheral nerves,similar reorganizations of labeled sensory afferents were also observed contralateral to the injury and repa

关键词： axotomy dorsal horn peripheral nerve injury plasticity polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve sensory terminals wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase

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Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in Hong Kong:A 5-year study for three different archetypical sites

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 424-440页

作者： Yuchen Mai Vincent Cheung Peter K.K.Louie Kenneth Leung Jimmy C.H.Fung Alexis K.H.Lau Donald r.B.lake Dasa Gu Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Environmental Protection Department Hong Kong 999077China Environment and Ecology Bureau Hong Kong 999077China Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvine 92617USA

Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three *** organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ozone pollution as its major *** study analyzed VOC characteristics of roadside,suburban,and rural sites in Hong Kong to investigate their compositions,concentrations,and source *** showthat the TVOC concentrations were 23.05±13.24,12.68±15.36,and 5.16±5.48 ppbv for roadside,suburban,and rural sites between May 2015 to June 2019,*** using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,six sources were identified at the roadside site over five years:Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)usage(33%–46%),gasoline evaporation(8%–31%),aged air mass(11%–28%),gasoline exhaust(5%–16%),diesel exhaust(2%–16%)and fuel filling(75–9%).Similarly,six sources were distinguished at the suburban site,including LPG usage(30%–33%),solvent usage(20%–26%),diesel exhaust(14%–26%),gasoline evaporation(8%–16%),aged air mass(4%–11%),and biogenic emissions(2%–5%).At the rural site,four sources were identified,including aged airmass(33%–51%),solvent usage(25%–30%),vehicular emissions(11%–28%),and biogenic emissions(6%–12%).The analysis further revealed that fuel filling and LPG usage were the primary contributors to OFP and OH reactivity at the roadside site,while solvent usage and biogenic emissions accounted for almost half of OFP and OH reactivity at the suburban and rural sites,*** findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing VOC sources at different sites to help policymakers develop targeted measures for pollution mitigation in specific areas.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds Positive matrix factorization Source apportionment Ozone formation

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Demonstrating the Transient System Impact of Cyber-Physical Events Through Scalable Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Co-Simulation

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2025年第1期11卷 329-339页

作者： Mengmeng Cai Wenbo Wang Xin Fang Anthony r.Florita Michael Ingram Dane Christensen National renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO15013USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mississippi State UniversityUSA

Modern power systems become more vulnerable to cyber threats due to their growing interconnectivity, interdependence, and complexity. Widespread deployment of distributed energy resources (DErs) further expands the threat landscape to the grid edge, where fewer cybersecurity protections exist. In this article, a systematic cyber-physical events demonstration, enabled by an integrated transmission, distribution, and communication co-simulation framework, is performed. It analyzes cyber risks to power grid under DEr-enabled automatic generation control from different angles. Unlike existing works, the simulation captures millisecond-to-minutes frequency and voltage transient dynamics at a cross-region system scale.

关键词： Cyber-physical events distributed energy resources T&D dynamic co-simulation

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Biopolymer Decorated Pencil Graphite Electrode for the In-situ Quantification of L-Tryptophan in Dietary Supplements

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2025年第01期 82-95页

作者： V.Devika P.J.Sreelekshmi B.Vedhanarayanan Sandhya Sadanandan r.rejithamol Department of Chemistry Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Graduate School of Science Chiba University Department of Chemistry School of Advanced SciencesVIT-AP University

A simplistic and novel electrochemical sensor for selectively detecting the essential amino acid tryptophan in dietary supplements was fabricated on a pencil graphite electrode modified with a tryptophan-based dipeptide. The dipeptide was synthesized using common synthetic strategy for amino acid couplings. The modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and infrared spectroscopy. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical response of the fabricated electrode to tryptophan in dietary supplements. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a distinct oxidation peak at + 0.671 V corresponding to tryptophan was noticed in differential pulse voltammetry, which indicated the detection of tryptophan by the fabricated electrode. The oxidation peak current for tryptophan was found to be linear within a concentration range of 10–350 μM with a lower detection limit of 1.2 μM, and the sensitivity of the fabricated electrode was 6.9 μA/μM/cm 2. Excellent selectivity, permissible reproducibility, and good stability of the sensor make it undoubtedly suitable for determining tryptophan in dietary supplements.

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The evolutionarily diverged single-stranded DNA-binding proteins SSB1/SSB2 differentially affect the replication,recombination and mutation of organellar genomes in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Plant Diversity 2025年第1期47卷 127-135页

作者： Weidong Zhu Jie Qian Yingke Hou Luke r.Tembrock Liyun Nie Yi-Feng Hsu Yong Xiang Yi Zou Zhiqiang Wu Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China School of Life Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA School of Medical Molecular and Forensic SciencesMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6149Australia State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Shenzhen research Institute of Henan University Shenzhen 518000China

Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins(SSBs)play essential roles in the replication,recombination and repair processes of organellar DNA *** Arabidopsis thaliana,SSBs are encoded by a small family of two genes(SSB1 and SSB2).However,the functional divergence of these two SSB copies in plants remains largely unknown,and detailed studies regarding their roles in the replication and recombination of organellar genomes are still *** this study,phylogenetic,gene structure and protein motif analyses all suggested that SSB1 and SSB2 probably diverged during the early evolution of seed *** on accurate long-read sequencing results,ssb1 and ssb2 mutants had decreased copy numbers for both mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)and plastid DNA(ptDNA),accompanied by a slight increase in structural rearrangements mediated by intermediate-sized repeats in mt genome and small-scale variants in both *** findings provide an important foundation for further investigating the effects of DNA dosage in the regulation of mutation frequencies in plant organellar genomes.

关键词： SSB Organellar genomes replication recombination Mutation

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Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed sciatic nerves accelerates recovery of nociceptive sensory perceptions in male and female rats of different strains

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第9期20卷 2667-2681页

作者： Liwen Zhou Karthik Venkudusamy Emily A.Hibbard Yessenia Montoya Alexa Olivarez Cathy Z.Yang Adelaide Leung Varun Gokhale Guhan Periyasamy Zeal Pathak Dale r.Sengelaub George D.Bittner Department of Neuroscience University of TexasAustinTXUSA Program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of Molecular Biosciences University of TexasAustinTXUSA

Successful polyethylene glycol fusion(PEG-fusion)of severed axons following peripheral nerve injuries for PEG-fused axons has been reported to:(1)rapidly restore electrophysiological continuity;(2)prevent distal Wallerian Degeneration and maintain their myelin sheaths;(3)promote primarily motor,voluntary behavioral recoveries as assessed by the Sciatic Functional Index;and,(4)rapidly produce correct and incorrect connections in many possible combinations that produce rapid and extensive recovery of functional peripheral nervous system/central nervous system connections and reflex(e.g.,toe twitch)or voluntary *** preceding companion paper describes sensory terminal field reo rganization following PEG-fusion repair of sciatic nerve transections or ablations;howeve r,sensory behavioral recovery has not been explicitly explored following PEG-fusion *** the current study,we confirmed the success of PEG-fusion surgeries according to criteria(1-3)above and more extensively investigated whether PEG-fusion enhanced mechanical nociceptive recovery following sciatic transection in male and female outbred Sprague-Dawley and inbred Lewis *** nociceptive responses were assessed by measuring withdrawal thresholds using von Frey filaments on the dorsal and midplantar regions of the *** von Frey filament tests were a more reliable method than plantar von Frey filament tests to assess mechanical nociceptive sensitivity following sciatic nerve *** withdrawal thresholds of the sciatic-mediated lateral dorsal region differed significantly across strain but not *** thresholds did not change significantly from baseline in chronic Unoperated and Sham-operated *** sciatic transection,all rats exhibited severe hyposensitivity to stimuli at the lateral dorsal region of the hindpaw ipsilateral to the ***,PEG-fused rats exhibited significantly earlier return to baseline withdrawal thresholds than Negative

关键词： autophagia axotomy collateral sprouting neuropathic pain peripheral nerve repair polyethylene glycol fusion(PEG-fusion) saphenous nerve sensory neurons sex and strain Wallerian degeneration

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Prospective Study on the results of the Tuboplasty in rural region in Germany

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2025年第1期14卷 1-11页

作者： Peter r. Issing Hendrik Tebben Emad Alsabbagh Christian Issing Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head- Neck- and Facial Plastic Surgery Klinikum Bad Hersfeld GmbH Bad Hersfeld Germany Department of Ophthalmology Klinikum Bad Hersfeld GmbH Bad Hersfeld Germany Department of Otorhinolaryngology Johann-Wolfgang von Goethe University Frankfurt Germany

1) Introduction: Ventilation disorders of the middle ear play a major role in everyday clinical ENT-practice and sometimes represent a major therapeutic challenge. In addition to the conventional therapy of tympanostomy tube insertion, tuboplasty (TP) offers a less invasive option for treating this problem. The study should examine whether TP can be performed in a rural setting. 2) Material and methods: This is a prospective, monocentric study of patients scheduled for TP because of tubal ventilation disorder (TVD) in a rural region of Germany. The diagnosis was established after a thorough clinical examination and by assessing the possibility of performing the Valsalva maneuver, the tympanogram type, recording the middle ear pressure and air-bone gap. The subjective impairment caused by the TVD was evaluated using the EDTQ-7 questionnaire pre- and approximately 3 months postoperatively. 3) results: Sixty-two patients with 92 TP were included with a mean age of 44.1 years. The EDTQ-7 score decreased highly significantly from 3.6 to 1.7 (p rrelating with parameters such as age, sex, BMI, allergies or smoking. Middle ear pressure fell in average by −87 daPa, resulting in an improvement of the tympanogram type. The preoperative air-bone gap of 10.2 dB also was reduced significantly in most patients to 8.0 dB after the procedure. No notable complications occurred beside a sore throat due to the use of a laryngeal mask for ventilation during anesthesia in two cases. 4) Conclusion: In our experience, TP represents a less invasive and, in many cases, successful alternative to the established tympanostomy tube insertion with the advantage of an intact eardrum. It can also be offered and successfully performed in a rural setting.

关键词： Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Tuboplasty Eustachian Tube Valsalva Maneuver Grommet

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dP/dt_(max):An underestimated prognostic factor in large animal infarction model

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2025年第1期8卷 171-178页

作者： rita Garamvölgyi Dénes Kőrösi OttóTátrai Emőke Bodor Dániel Fajtai Kornélia Farkas András Vorobcsuk Doctoral School in Animal Science Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesKaposvárHungary Department of Cardiology Kaposi Moritz Teaching HospitalKaposvárHungary Medicopus Nonprofit Ltd. KaposvárHungary Institute of Bioanalysis Medical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine University of PécsPécsHungary

The present study aims to establish a reproducible large animal experimental unit using a minipig model to monitor cardiac function changes.A 90-min closed-chest bal-loon occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery was used to induce myocardial infarction in Pannon *** monitor the cardiac function,measurements were made by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(cMrI),invasive pressure monitoring,and a Pulse index Continuous Cardiac Output(PiCCO)hemo-dynamic system at 0,72,and 720 h during the follow-up ***-diastolic and end-systolic volumes(EDV,ESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)obtained by cMrI evaluation,global ejection fraction and aortic dP/dt_(max)obtained by the invasive method,were recorded and *** 72-and 720-h EDV data showed a signifi-cant increase(p=0.012,red to baseline,and the Day 30 data showed a significant increase compared to Day 3(p=0.022).The ESV 72 h after the infarction showed a significant increase(p=0.001)compared to baseline,which did not change significantly by Day 30(p=0.781)compared to Day *** and ESV were signifi-cantly negatively correlated with aortic dp_(max),and ESV was significantly correlated with *** LVEF and dP_(max),a significant(prsening was demonstrated at Day 3 compared to baseline,which was no longer statistically de-tectable for LVEF at Day 30(p=0.141),while the difference for dP_(max)was maintained(p=0.002).The complementary use of PiCCO hemodynamic measurements in large animal models makes the previously used methodologies more robust and reliable.

关键词： dp/dt_(max) hemodynamic measurements infarction model minipig PiCCO

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Two-zero textures for Dirac neutrinos

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第1期49卷 105-113页

作者： Yessica Lenis r.Martinez-ramirez Eduardo Peinado William A.Ponce Instituto de Física Universidad de AntioquiaA.A.1226MedellínColombia Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoA.P.20-364Ciudad de México 01000México Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Apartado Postal 14-74007000 Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico

We review the two-zero mass matrix textures approach for Dirac neutrinos with the most recent global fit in the oscillation *** found that three of the 15 possible textures are compatible with current experimental data,while the remaining two-zero textures were ruled *** textures are consistent with the normal hierarchy of neutrino masses and are CP-conserving,while the other is compatible with both mass orderings and allows for CP *** also present the correlations between the oscillation parameters for the allowed two-zero textures.

关键词： Dirac neutrino neutrino masses and mixing neutrino oscillations

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Are urbanization, biotic and social factors associated with the song frequency and song entropy attributes of three urban syntopic passerines?

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Avian research 2025年第01期 96-109页

作者： Xhareni Díaz-Lezama Alejandro Ariel ríos-Chelén Jorge Castellanos-Albores Paula L.Enríquez Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en recursos Naturales y Desarrollo rural El Colegio de la Frontera Sur.Carr.Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n Barrio Ma.Auxiliadora Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Departamento Conservación de la Biodiversidad El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Carr.Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n Barrio Ma.Auxiliadora

Urban environments have challenging characteristics for bird acoustic communication. High levels of anthropogenic noise, as well as vegetation structure(e.g., in urban parks), can potentially affect the song frequency characteristics of several bird species. An additional factor such as the abundance of conspecific and heterospecific vocalizing birds may play an important role in determining the structure of bird songs. In this study, we analyzed whether noise levels, vegetation percentage, and abundance of conspecifics and heterospecifics influence the song characteristics of three syntopic songbird species: House Finch(Haemorhous mexicanus), rufouscollared Sparrow(Zonotrichia capensis), and House Sparrow(Passer domesticus) living in urban sites. We recorded songs of these species and measured the peak frequency and entropy of their songs at 14 sites in the city of San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico. We found that the song peak frequency of House Finch and House Sparrow's songs was negatively related to the vegetation. The peak frequency of neither of the three species correlated with the average noise level. However, the abundances of conspecific and heterospecific were related to the peak frequency of the three species' songs. The entropy of the House Finch and House Sparrow songs was positively and negatively related, respectively, to noise levels. House Sparrow song entropy was negatively related to the percentage of vegetation. Song entropy of House Finches was negatively associated to conspecific and House Sparrow abundance. Song entropy of rufous-collared Sparrows was positively related to conspecific abundance. In conclusion, the song peak frequency and song entropy of the three songbird species were differentially related to urban noise, vegetation, and conspecific and heterospecific abundance, suggesting these factors influence bird song characteristics.

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