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两步回归法研究空气污染与儿童呼吸病症率的关系

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中国环境科学 2001年第6期21卷 485-489页

作者：胡伟魏复盛 Jim Zhang 吴国平滕恩江 r.s.chapman 中国环境监测总站北京100029 Environ-mentalandOccupationalHealth sciencesInstitute MailDrop52 ational Center for nvironmental Assessment-RTPU.S.EPAResearchTrianglePark

通过两步回归法对空气污染与儿童呼吸病症发生率之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明,颗粒物与大部分儿童呼吸病症发生率之间存在显著的正相关关系,sO2与儿童感冒时气喘有着显著的正相关关联,NOX与儿童未感冒时气喘有显著的正相关关联.两种... 详细信息

通过两步回归法对空气污染与儿童呼吸病症发生率之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明,颗粒物与大部分儿童呼吸病症发生率之间存在显著的正相关关系,sO2与儿童感冒时气喘有着显著的正相关关联,NOX与儿童未感冒时气喘有显著的正相关关联.两种回归方法的结果基本一致.其中的混合线性模型不但在城市间发现这些正相关关系,而且在城市内的城郊区之间也发现了正相关关联.本文还给出了暴露在各种空气污染物下儿童呼吸病症发生率的比数比(Or).

关键词：空气污染两步回归儿童呼吸系统健康呼吸病症发病率

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空气污染对儿童肺功能指标影响的初步分析

中国环境监测 2001年第T01期17卷 61-66页

作者：魏复盛胡伟吴国平滕恩江 Jim zhang r.s.chapman 中国环境监测总站北京100029 P.O.Box1179 MailDrop52

报告中国 4城市 8所小学儿童肺功能指标受室外空气污染影响的结果。以 FVC/预测值 (85% )、FEV1 /预测值(85% )、FEV1 / FVC(实测值之比 ) (80 % )作为判断肺功能指标异常的参考标准 ,并将 8所小学按污染程度分为污染严重和污染较轻两... 详细信息

报告中国 4城市 8所小学儿童肺功能指标受室外空气污染影响的结果。以 FVC/预测值 (85% )、FEV1 /预测值(85% )、FEV1 / FVC(实测值之比 ) (80 % )作为判断肺功能指标异常的参考标准 ,并将 8所小学按污染程度分为污染严重和污染较轻两类三组。污染严重组儿童肺功能指标的异常率均比污染较轻组要高。空气的严重污染 ,可使儿童肺功能FVC、FEV1 、FEV1 / FVC异常率的危险程度分别增高 3 0 %～ 78%、52 %～ 86%和 1 0 2 %～ 1 2 7%。异常组儿童的 FVC、FEV1 的平均值约下降 3 3 0～ 4 60 ml,FEV1 / FVC平均值约下降 1 3 %～ 1 5%。

关键词：儿童肺功能空气污染生长发育

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儿童的形态发育和肺功能生长

中国环境监测 2001年第T01期17卷 56-61页

作者：胡伟魏复盛吴国平滕恩江 Jim Zhang r.s.chapman 中国环境监测总站北京100029 P.O.Box1179 MailDrop52

根据中国 4城市 8所小学儿童的调查研究结果 ,报告了在不同环境条件下 ,儿童体格和肺功能发育的基本情况 ,并试图从营养条件和空气污染两个方面对儿童肺功能发育情况进行解释。研究指出营养条件和空气污染对儿童肺功能的影响作用相反。... 详细信息

根据中国 4城市 8所小学儿童的调查研究结果 ,报告了在不同环境条件下 ,儿童体格和肺功能发育的基本情况 ,并试图从营养条件和空气污染两个方面对儿童肺功能发育情况进行解释。研究指出营养条件和空气污染对儿童肺功能的影响作用相反。两种相反的作用互相抵消了一部分影响 ,可能是造成了儿童肺功能波动的原因。空气污染严重、营养条件较差 ,二者均可使肺功能指标下降。有一定的空气污染、营养条件又好 ,肺功能指标可能相对较高。

关键词：形态发育肺功能儿童营养条件空气污染

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儿童呼吸系统疾病对肺功能影响的探讨

中国环境监测 2001年第T01期17卷 66-70页

作者：胡伟吴国平滕恩江魏复盛 Jim Zhang r.s.chapman 中国环境监测总站北京100029 P.O.Box1179 MailDrop52

通过 1 995～ 1 996年 3次肺功能测量和家庭健康问卷调查发现 ,患过感冒咳嗽、咳痰、气喘、哮喘和支气管炎的儿童中 FEV1 / FVC、FEV1 /预测值以及 FVC/预测值的异常率比未患过这 5种疾病的儿童都高 ,且前者达到显著性水平。FVC/预测值... 详细信息

通过 1 995～ 1 996年 3次肺功能测量和家庭健康问卷调查发现 ,患过感冒咳嗽、咳痰、气喘、哮喘和支气管炎的儿童中 FEV1 / FVC、FEV1 /预测值以及 FVC/预测值的异常率比未患过这 5种疾病的儿童都高 ,且前者达到显著性水平。FVC/预测值、FEV1 /预测值有部分疾病异常率达到显著水平。患过呼吸系统疾病 ,且肺功能测量异常的儿童比未患过呼吸系统疾病 ,且肺功能测量正常儿童的 FVC调整预测值下降 3 4 5～ 4 1 8ml,FEV1 调整预测值下降 3 56～ 4 75ml,FEV1 /FVC平均下降 1 4 .2 %～ 1 9.4 %。

关键词：呼吸系统疾病肺功能儿童空气污染

我国4个大城市空气PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)污染及其化学组成

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中国环境监测 2001年第T01期17卷 1-6页

作者：魏复盛滕恩江吴国平胡伟 W.E.Wilson r.s.chapman J.C.Pau J.Zhang 中国环境监测总站北京100029 美国EPA研究三角公园新泽西州大学环境和职业健康科学研究所新泽西州088551179

报告了 1 995～ 1 996年在中国的广州、武汉、兰州、重庆 4大城市 8个采样点 PM2 .5 、PM2 .5～ 1 0 和 PM1 0 的监测结果。结果表明 ,1 995年 PM2 .5 年均值浓度为 57～ 1 60 μg/m3,比美国 1 997年颁布的标准值 (1 5μg/m3)高 2 .8～ ... 详细信息

报告了 1 995～ 1 996年在中国的广州、武汉、兰州、重庆 4大城市 8个采样点 PM2 .5 、PM2 .5～ 1 0 和 PM1 0 的监测结果。结果表明 ,1 995年 PM2 .5 年均值浓度为 57～ 1 60 μg/m3,比美国 1 997年颁布的标准值 (1 5μg/m3)高 2 .8～ 9.7倍。PM1 0 年日均值为 95～ 2 73μg/m3。除武汉市 1个对照点外 ,其余 7个监测点的 PM1 0 均超过我国空气质量二极标准 (1 0 0μg/m3)2 8%～ 1 73 % ,比美国标准 (50μg/m3)超过更多 ,说明污染是相当严重的。用 XrF分析了 PM2 .5 、PM2 .5～ 1 0 中 4 2种化学元素 ,结果表明 ,燃煤、燃油和其它工业污染的元素 As、Pb、se、Zn、Cu、Cl、Br、s在这些颗粒物中有明显富集 ,特别是在PM2 .5 中的富集倍数达数十倍至数万倍。

关键词：环境空气监测细颗粒物粗颗粒物元素富集化学组成 PM

Current surgical treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma in North America

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15007-15017页

作者： Adeel s Khan Kathryn J Fowler William C chapman Department of General and Vascular surgery Aurora Bay Care Medical Center Department of radiology Washington University School of Medicine Department of surgery Section of Abdominal TransplantWashington University School of Medicine

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is an aggressive tumor that often occurs in the setting of chronic liver *** patients do not initially manifest any symptoms of HCC and present late when cure with surgical resection or transplantation is no longer *** this reason,patients at high risk for developing HCC are subjected to frequent screening *** surgical management of HCC is complex and requires an inter-disciplinary *** resection is the treatment of choice for HCC in patients without cirrhosis and is indicated in some patients with early cirrhosis(Child-Pugh A).Liver transplantation has emerged in the past decade as the standard of care for patients with cirrhosis and HCC meeting Milan criteria and in select patients with HCC beyond Milan ***-regional therapy with transarterial chemoembolization,transarterial embolization,radiofrequency ablation and other similar local treatments can be used as neo-adjuvant therapy to downstage HCC to within Milan criteria or as a bridge to transplantation in patients on transplant wait list.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation Liver resection Transarterial chemoembolization radiofrequency ablation

A road for a promising future for China＇s primates： The potential for restoration

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Zoological research 2018年第4期39卷 244-248页

作者： Colin A. chapman Department of Anthropology McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 2T7 Canada Wildlife Conservation society Bronx New York 10460 USA section of social systems Evolution Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama 484-8506 Japan

China is one of the most dynamic countries of the world and it shelters some amazing levels of biodiversity, including some very special primate species. However, primarily as a result of forest loss, most of which occurred in historical times, approximately 70% of China＇s primate species have less than 3 000 individuals. Here I evaluate one road for future conservation/development that could produce very positive gains for China＇s primates; namely forest restoration. I argue that for a large scale restoration project to be possible two conditions must be met; the right societal conditions must exist and the right knowledge must be in hand. This evaluation suggests that the restoration of native forest to support many of China＇s primates holds great potential to advance conservation goals and to promote primate population recovery.

关键词： Conservation Forest restoration regeneration Primate population dynamics

Influence of roadway geometric elements on driver behavior when overtaking bicycles on rural roads

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2014年第1期1卷 28-38页

作者： Jeremy r.chapman David A.Noyce Department of Civil Engineering Rose-Hulman Institute of TechnologyTerre HauteINUSA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

The objective of this research was to determine what influence geometric design elements of roadway may have on driver behavior during the overtaking maneuver. This was part of a larger research effort to eliminate crashes （and the resulting fatalities and injuries） between bicycles and motorized vehicles. The data collection process produced 1151 observations with approximately 40 different independent variables for each data point through direct observation, sensor logging, or derivation from other independent variables. Prior research by the authors developed a means to collect real-time field data through the use of a bicycle-mounted data collection system. The collected data was then used to model lateral clearance distance be- tween vehicles and bicycles. The developed model confirmed field observations that the lateral clearance distance provided by drivers changes with vehicle speed and oncoming vehicle presence. These observations were presented by the authors previously. The model shows that driver behavior can be adjusted by the inclusion, or exclusion, of geometric elements. Evaluating roadways （or roadway designs） based on this model will enable stakeholders to identify those roadway segments where a paved shoulder would prove an effective safety countermeasure. This research will also enable roadway designers to better identify during the design phase those roadway segments that should be constructed with a paved shoulder.

关键词： overtaking bicycles lateral clearance three-foot rule vehicle-bicycle interactions centerline violation

The Chromosomal Control of Leaf Characteristics of Early-stage Plants in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Agricultural sciences in China 2011年第2期10卷 159-165页

作者： LI Cun-dong BAI Zhi-ying Ye G Miyagi M chapman s reader s M LIU Chun-ji CsIrO Plant Industry Queensland Bioscience PrecinctSt LuciaQLD 4067Australia Faculty of Agriculture Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000P.R.China College of Life science Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000P.R.China school of Land and Food sciences University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkColney NorwichNR4 7UHUK

rapid expansion of leaves of early-stage plants in wheat produced by chromosomal control of characteristics related to rapid expansion of the first six leaves of wheat were investigated using a set of single chromosome substitution lines under two different temperature regimes（Trs）.results from this study indicated that several chromosomes could be responsible for each of the four characteristics studied（including leaf width,leaf length,leaf elongation rate and leaf appearance index） and that different chromosomes may be responsible for the same characteristics at different *** a small number of substitutions that showed the most significant effects on leaf length were found among those that showed the most significant effects on leaf width,providing further evidence that these two characteristics are likely controlled by different sets of *** 4B,4D,and 5A are among those that were repeatedly detected to having significant effects on different leaf characteristics at the lower-Tr and genes residing on these three chromosomes could be *** possibility and its implication are discussed.

关键词： wheat leaf characteristics chromosomal control