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Does topical vancomycin prevent fracture-related infections in closed fractures undergoing open reduction and internal fixation?A randomised controlled trial

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第2期27卷 71-76页

作者： Mohit gandhi Gopisankar Balaji Jagdish Menon ruben raj Thomas Department of Orthopaedics Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia Department of Preventive and Social Medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia

Purpose:The role of topical vancomycin in fracture-related infection(FrI)is *** few studies have reported their efficacy in open and high-risk extremity *** study aimed to assess topical vancomycin's role in reducing FrI in closed fractures undergoing open surgical intervention with an ***:This prospective randomized cohort study was carried out between February 2021 to January *** with isolated closed fractures,who were planned for open reduction and internal fixation within 2 weeks from the time of injury were included for this *** data collected included age,gender,socioeconomic status,mechanism of injury,diagnosis,Tscherne classification,and time interval to take up for *** were randomized into the intervention and control groups using the block randomization *** control group received only systemic antibiotic prophylaxis,whereas the intervention group received topical application of vancomycin powder in the surgical wound alongside systemic antibiotic *** primary outcome measure was the incidence of FrI among these *** and radiological findings and culture reports(in cases with infection)were recorded during the post-operative period and at 6 weeks of *** relevant statistical calculations were done using STATA statistical/data analysis-parallel edition version 16.0(StataCorp LLC).The quantitative variables like age and duration of the surgery were assessed for normalcy by Shapiro-Wilk W *** independent samples t-test with equal variances was applied to the age ***'s exact test was used for the analysis of the primary outcome measure(presence of FrI following surgery),and"risk of FrI"and"risk difference"between the 2 groups was *** strength of the association between qualitative variables was assessed using the Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests,***:There were 88 patients included in this *** statistical si

关键词： Infections Antibiotics vancomycin Fractures

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Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 41-50页

作者： Amudham radha Amal raj Prabhakaran Mylsamy v.Sivasankar B.Sathish Kumar Kiyoshi Omine T.G.Sunitha Phycological research Laboratory Research Department of BotanyPachaiyappa's College(Affiliated to University of Madras)Chennai 600030India research Department of Chemistry Pachaiyappa's College(Affiliated to University of Madras)Chennai 600030India Department of Botany Sri Vidya Mandir Arts&Science College(Autonomous)KatteriUthangarai 636902India Department of Civil Engineering School of Engineering.Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki-Daigaku1-14 Bunkyo-machiNagasaki 8528521Japan

Pollution of rivers is mainly caused by anthropogenic activities such as discharge of effluent from industrial facilities,maintenance of sewage/effluent treatment plants,and dumping of solid waste on river *** study dealt with the pollution issues of the Cooum river in the well-known city of Chennai in South *** samples from 27 locations were collected and analyzed for 12 elements,including Ba,B,and Al,as well as heavy metals such as Pb,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,and *** samples showed levels of these elements that exceeded World Health Organization *** correlation analysis revealed the inter-dependency among elements,and the contribution of each element based on factor loadings showed its percentage contribution compared to *** samples from six significant locations were chosen for remediation with three algae:Chlorella vulgaris,Scenedesmus dimorphus,and Phormedium *** uptake of pollutants led to the continuous growth of algae during the incubation period of 15 d,effectively removing heavy metals from the river *** increasing levels of algal counts and the chlorophyll a content confirmed the algal growth during the incubation period,followed by a declining stage after the incubation *** scanning electron microscopic images of algae before and after the remediation showed no remarkable modification of morphological *** study showed that the uptake of heavy metals using algae is an effective water pollution remediation measure,making the process practicable in the field on a large scale in the near future.

关键词： Heavy metal Cooum river Phycoremediation Microalgae Factor analysis

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An in vitro Anti-urolithiasis Activity of a Herbal Formulation:Spinacia oleracea *** Coriandrum sativum L.

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Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology 2024年第1期4卷 76-84页

作者： Sumathy raj Monica Shree Gnana Soundara rajan Suganthi ramasamy rimal Isaac rajamony Suthies Goldy ramathilaga Ariyamuthu Monisha Sudhagar Sakthivel gandhi Prakash Shoba Manikandan Gurusamy School of Biotechnology Dr.G.R.Damodaran College of ScienceCoimbatoreTamil NaduIndia Department of Biotechnology Dr.N.G.P Arts and Science CollegeCoimbatoreTamil NaduIndia Department of Nanotechnology Noorul Islam Centre for Higher EducationKumaracoilThuckalayKanyakumari DistrictTamil NaduIndia PG and research Department of Biochemistry Kongunadu Arts and Science CollegeCoimbatoreTamil NaduIndia Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Mekelle UniversityMekelleEthipoia Department of Zoology Holy Cross College(Autonomous)NagercoilTamilnaduIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tshwane University of TechnologyArcadia CampusPretoriaSouth Africa

Background:Hard mineral and acid salt deposits that clump together in concentrated urine are known as kidney stones.A complicated chain of physicochemical events,including hyper saturation,nucleation,growth,aggrega-tion,and retention in the urinary tract,leads to urolithiasis,the third most prevalent urinary tract *** traditional medications and therapies are less successful in treating urolithiasis and frequently cause ***:The present study is focused on evaluating the anti-urolithiasis activities of the polyherbal formulation prepared from Spinacia oleracea *** Coriandrum sativum ***:To evaluating the anti-urolithiasis activities of the polyherbal formulation prepared from *** and *** seeds against oxalate crystals by employing an in vitro inhibition,aggregation,and nucleation assay,employing a spectrophotometer followed by microscopic observation,and further monitored by egg semiperme-able membrane model,using cystone as a standard ***:In the present work,the alkaloids,glycosides,flavonoids,glycosides,phenols,saponins,steroids,tannins,terpenoids,and triterpenoids were found in the extracts of *** and *** in vitro assays in the present study clearly indicated that all the mixture extracts readily prevented crystal nucleation,growth and *** aqueous extract of the mixture inhibited significant inhibitory potential against the crystallization ***:It can be said that the phyto-constituents enriched homemade preparation possibly will be used as a medication for the management of kidney stones by dissolving the oxalate stone in the kidney.

关键词： Urolithiasis Polyherbal Egg membrane Spinacia oleracea Coriandrum sativum

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Liquid injectivity in a SAG foam process:Effect of permeability

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 302-314页

作者： Jia-Kun Gong Yuan Wang ridhwan-Zhafri B.Kamarul Bahrim raj-Deo Tewari Mohammad-Iqbal Mahamad Amir rouhi Farajzadeh William rossen College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai UniversityNanjing210098JiangsuChina College of Water Conservancy&Hydropower Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098JiangsuChina PETrONAS Kuala Lumpur50088Malaysia Department of Geoscience and Engineering Delft University of Technology2628 CNDelftthe Netherlands Shell Global Solutions International B.v. 1031 HWAmsterdamthe Netherlands

Foam is utilized in enhanced oil recovery and CO_(2) ***-alternating-gas(SAG)is a preferred approach for placing foam into reservoirs,due to it enhances gas injection and minimizes corrosion in *** previous studies with similar permeability cores show that during SAG injection,several banks occupy the area near the well where fluid exhibits distinct ***,underground reservoirs are heterogeneous,often *** is crucial to understand the effect of permeability on fluid behaviour and injectivity in a SAG *** this work,coreflood experiments are conducted in cores with permeabilities ranging from 16 to 2300 *** observe the same sequence of banks in cores with different ***,the speed at which banks propagate and their overall mobility can vary depending on *** higher permeabilities,the gas-dissolution bank and the forced-imbibition bank progress more rapidly during liquid *** total mobilities of both banks decrease with *** utilizing a bank-propagation model,we scale up our experimental findings and compare them to results obtained using the Peaceman *** findings reveal that the liquid injectivity in a SAG foam process is misestimated by conventional simulators based on the Peaceman *** lower the formation permeability,the greater the error.

关键词： Foam Enhanced oil recovery Surfactant-alternating-gas Injectivity Permeability

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Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in India: Are we ready for 2040?

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 141-153页

作者： Hirak Pahari Amruth raj Ambreen Sawant Dipak S Ahire raosaheb rathod Chetan rathi Tushar Sankalecha Sachin Palnitkar vikram raut Department of Liver Transplant and HPB Surgery Medicover HospitalsNavi Mumbai 410210MaharashtraIndia Department of Liver Transplant Anaesthesia Medicover HospitalsNavi Mumbai 410210MaharashtraIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicover HospitalsNavi Mumbai 410210India Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicover HospitalsNavi Mumbai 410210MaharashtraIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicover HospitalsAurangabad 431003India Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicover HospitalsNashik 422009India Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicover HospitalsPune 411026India

BACKGrOUND Liver transplantation(LT)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has been widely researched and is well established *** cornerstone of this treatment lies in the various criteria formulated by expert consensus and *** variations among the criteria are staggering,and the short-and long-term outcomes are *** To study the differences in the current practices of LT for HCC at different centers in India and discuss their clinical implications in the *** We conducted a survey of major centers in India that performed LT in December 2022.A total of 23 responses were *** centers were classified as high-and low-volume,and the current trend of care for patients undergoing LT for HCC was *** Of the 23 centers,35%were high volume center(>500 Liver transplants)while 52%were high-volume centers that performed more than 50 transplants/*** 39%of centers had performed>50 LT for HCC while the percent distribution for HCC in LT patients was 5%–15%in approximately 73%of the *** a few,most centers were divided equally between University of California,San Francisco(UCSF)and center-specific criteria when choosing patients with HCC for LT,and most(65%)did not have separate transplant criteria for deceased donor LT and living donor LT(LDLT).Most centers(56%)preferred surgical resection over LT for a Child A cirrhosis patient with a resectable 4 cm HCC ***-emission tomography-computed tomography(CT)was the modality of choice for metastatic workup in the majority of centers(74%).Downstaging was the preferred option for over 90%of the centers and included transarterial chemoembolization,transarterial radioembolization,stereotactic body radiotherapy and atezolizumab/bevacizumab with varied *** alphafetoprotein(AFP)cut-off was used by 74%of centers to decide on transplantation as well as to downstage tumors,even if they met the *** criteria for successful downstaging v

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplant India Downstaging Survey Milan University of California,San Francisco Portal vein tumor thrombus Expanded criteria

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Investigation of Android Malware with Machine Learning Classifiers using Enhanced PCA Algorithm

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第3期44卷 2147-2163页

作者： v.Joseph raymond r.Jeberson retna raj Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai600119TamilnaduIndia School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai603203TamilnaduIndia

Android devices are popularly available in the commercial market at different price levels for various levels of *** Android stack is more vulnerable compared to other platforms because of its open-source *** are many android malware detection techniques available to exploit the source code andfind associated components during execution *** obtain a better result we create a hybrid technique merging static and dynamic *** this paper,in thefirst part,we have proposed a technique to check for correlation between features and classify using a supervised learning approach to avoid Mul-ticollinearity problem is one of the drawbacks in the existing *** the proposed work,a novel PCA(Principal Component Analysis)based feature reduction technique is implemented with conditional dependency features by gathering the functionalities of the application which adds novelty for the given *** Android Sensitive Permission is one major key point to be considered while detecting *** select vulnerable columns based on features like sensitive permissions,application program interface calls,services requested through the kernel,and the relationship between the variables henceforth build the model using machine learning classifiers and identify whether the given application is malicious or *** goal of this paper is to check benchmarking datasets collected from various repositories like virus share,Github,and the Canadian Institute of cyber security,compare with models ensuring zero-day exploits can be monitored and detected with better accuracy rate.

关键词： Zero-day exploit hybrid analysis principal component analysis supervised learning smart cities

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Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy regulator Design for Nonlinear and Unstable Systems Using Negative Absolute Eigenvalue Approach

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第2期7卷 482-493页

作者： ravi v.gandhi Dipak M.Adhyaru Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)GandhinagarGandhinagar 382355India Department of Instrumentation&Control Engineering Institute of TechnologyNirma UniversityAhmedabad-382481India

This paper introduces a Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy regulator design using the negative absolute eigenvalue(NAE)approach for a class of nonlinear and unstable *** open-loop system is initially embodied by the traditional T-S fuzzy model and then,all closed-loop subsystems are combined using the proposed Max-Min operator in place of traditional weighted average operator from the controller side to lessen the coupling virtually and simplify the proposed regulator *** each virtually decoupled closed-loop subsystem,the composite regulators(i.e.,primary and secondary regulators)are designed by the NAE approach based on the enhanced eigenvalue *** Lyapunov function is utilized to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the overall T-S fuzzy control *** most popular and widely used nonlinear and unstable systems like the electromagnetic levitation system(EMLS)and the inverted cart pendulum(ICP)are simulated for the wide range of the initial conditions and the enormous variation in the *** transient and steady-state performance of the considered systems using the proposed design are analyzed in terms of the decay rate,settling time and integral errors as IAE,ISE,ITAE,and ITSE to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to the most popular and traditional parallel distributed compensation(PDC)approach.

关键词： Eigenvalue approach nonlinear and unstable systems stability analysis Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy regulator

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Investigation of Android Malware Using Deep Learning Approach

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 2413-2429页

In recent days the usage of android smartphones has increased exten-sively by *** are several applications in different categories bank-ing/ﬁnance,social engineering,education,sports andﬁtness,and many more *** android stack is more vulnerable compared to other mobile plat-forms like IOS,Windows,or Blackberry because of the open-source *** the Existing system,malware is written using vulnerable system calls to bypass signature detection important drawback is might not work with zero-day exploits and stealth *** attackers target the victim with various attacks like adware,backdoor,spyware,ransomware,and zero-day exploits and create threat hunts on the day-to-day *** the existing approach,there are various tradi-tional machine learning classiﬁers for building a decision support system with limitations such as low detection rate and less feature *** important contents taken for building model from android applications like Intent Filter,Per-mission Signature,API Calls,and System commands are taken from the manifestﬁ*** function parameters of various machine and deep learning classiﬁers like Nave Bayes,k-Nearest Neighbors(k-NN),Support vector Machine(SvM),Ada Boost,and Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)are done for effective *** our pro-posed work,we have used an unsupervised learning multilayer perceptron with multiple target labels and built a model with a better accuracy rate compared to logistic regression,and rank the best features for detection of applications and clas-sify as malicious or benign can be used as threat model by online antivirus scanners.

关键词： Android application permissions multilayer perception relief scoring

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Formation and Surface Structural Features of Crystalline Ceramic Nanocomposite Coatings on Aluminium Using Lithium Sulphate with Silicate Additive

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第2期27卷 185-197页

作者： M.Mubarak Ali v.raj Department of Chemistry Chikkaiah Naicker College Advanced Materials research Laboratory Department of ChemistryPeriyar University

We have synthesized a series of the ceramic coatings by anodization of aluminium using lithium sulphate and sodium silicate additive. Our experiments show that the present coatings are nanocomposites in nature, consisting of a mixture of nanocrystalline alumina, silica, aluminium silicate and mullite; the formation of alumina was similar to conventional anodizing technology, while the formation of mullite was attributed to an addition of sodium silicate. The microhardness of the coatings progressively increased with the increasing current density up to 0.2 A/cm2, which could mainly be attributed to the decrease of porosity in the interfacial region of the oxides up to the range. From the performance of the coatings against corrosion （Tafel/Nyquist plots）, it was inferred that the coatings fabricated by lithium sulphatesodium silicate bath have enhanced corrosion resistance （rp = 3.12 kΩ）, as well as better microhardness value than that of the lithium sulphate bath alone （rp = 660.96 Ω） which confirm the perception that the silica particles included in the anodized alumina matrices randomly. Presence of Al, Si and O indicated that the electrolyte components had been intensively incorporated into the coatings.

关键词： Anodization Nanocomposite Ceramic Lithium sulphate

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Formation and Characterization of Ceramic Nanocomposite Crystalline Coatings on Aluminium by Anodization

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第7期29卷 595-602页

作者： M.Mubarak Ali v.raj School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk 712-749South Korea Advanced Materials research Laboratory Department of ChemistryPeriyar UniversitySalem 636 011Tamil NaduIndia

Ceramic nanocomposite coatings have been synthesized on aluminium by using lithium sulphate electrolyte with zirconium silicate additive by anodization. The effects of current density （CD） on microhardness, structure, composition and surface topography of the oxide layer formed at various CDs （0.1-0.25 A/cm^2） have been studied. Crystalline coatings formed at 0.25 A/cm^2 have been （width 95 nm） observed with a relatively uniform distribution confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the average microhardness value of ceramic nanocomposite coatings fabricated from lithium sulphate-zirconium silicate bath is approximately 8.5 times higher than that of the as-received aluminium. The surface statistics of the coatings is discussed in detail to explain the roughness and related parameters for better understanding. These observations demonstrate the importance of surface statistics in controlling the morphology of the coatings and its properties. From the X-ray diffraction investigations, it can be concluded that the formed nanocomposite coatings are crystalline in nature and that the crystallinity of the coatings decreases with increasing applied current density.

关键词： Anodization Nanocomposite Coatings Alumina Aluminium

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