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Surface texture and friction characteristics of diamond-ground concrete and asphalt pavements

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第5期3卷 475-482页

作者： Shuo Li Dwayne Harris Tim wells Division of research and Development Indiana Department of Transportation

recently, diamond grinding has gained increasing attention as pavement preservation treatment to restore desired surface characteristics, particularly friction. Compared to other pavement preservation treatments such as surface overlays and high friction surface treat- ments, diamond grinding may cost less, save construction time, or require minimum maintenance. Diamond grinding produces longitudinal, continuous, and line-type texture that contains corrugations with evenly spaced ridges. The improved surface texture will immediately enhance pavement surface friction and reduce the possibility of hydroplaning in rainy weather. However, little information has been documented on the texture charac- teristics and long-term friction performance of diamond-ground pavements. A field evalu- ation was conducted to examine the surface texture and friction characteristics in diamond- ground concrete and asphalt pavements by the authors. Five pavement test sections, including two diamond-ground concrete pavements, one diamond-ground concrete bridge deck, one diamond-ground asphalt pavement, and one transversely tined concrete pave- ment, were selected for evaluation. Laser scanner testing was performed to capture both macro and microtexture profiles. Locked wheel testing was performed to measure the fric- tion numbers. The test results were examined and compared so as to evaluate two performances, after construction and long-term friction performance of diamond-ground pavements. It was found that longitudinal diamond grinding can provide durable, satisfactory surface friction performance for both concrete and asphalt pavements.

关键词： Concrete pavement Asphalt pavement Surface friction Diamond-grinding Macrotexture Microtexture

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The Shakespeare book

The Shakespeare book

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作者： wells Stanley.

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Identification of QTL and underlying genes for root system architecture associated with nitrate nutrition in hexaploid wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第4期21卷 917-932页

作者： Marcus GrIFFITHS Jonathan A.ATKINSON Laura-Jayne GArDINEr ranjan SWArUp Michael p.pOUND Michael H.WILSON Malcolm J.BENNETT Darren M.wells School of Biosciences University of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLE125RDUK Future Food Beacon of Excellence University of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLE125RDUK Integrative phenomics Group School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLE125RDUK IBM research The Hartree CentreWarringtonWA44ADUK School of Computer Science University of NottinghamNottinghamNG81BBUK

The root system architecture(rSA) of a crop has a profound effect on the uptake of nutrients and consequently the potential yield. However, little is known about the genetic basis of rSA and resource adaptive responses in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.). Here, a high-throughput germination paper-based plant phenotyping system was used to identify seedling traits in a wheat doubled haploid mapping population, Savannah×rialto. Significant genotypic and nitrate-N treatment variation was found across the population for seedling traits with distinct trait grouping for root size-related traits and root distribution-related traits. Quantitative trait locus(QTL) analysis identified a total of 59 seedling trait QTLs. Across two nitrate treatments, 27 root QTLs were specific to the nitrate treatment. Transcriptomic analyses for one of the QTLs on chromosome 2 D, which was found under low nitrate conditions, revealed gene enrichment in N-related biological processes and 28 differentially expressed genes with possible involvement in a root angle response. Together, these findings provide genetic insight into root system architecture and plant adaptive responses to nitrate, as well as targets that could help improve N capture in wheat.

关键词： doubled-haploid population nitrate rNA-seq quantitative trait loci root system architecture Triticum aestivum L.(wheat)

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Intrinsic carrier multiplication in layered Bi_(2)O_(2)Se avalanche photodiodes with gain bandwidth product exceeding 1 GHz

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Nano research 2021年第6期14卷 1961-1966页

作者： Vinod K.Sangwan Joohoon Kang David Lam J.Tyler Gish Spencer A.wells Jan Luxa James p.Male GJeffrey Snyder Zdenek Sofer Mark C.Hersam Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology PragueTechnicka 516628Prague 6Czech Republic Department of Chemistry Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA

Emerging layered semiconductors present multiple advantages for optoelectronic technologies including high carrier mobilities,strong light-matter interactions,and tunable optical absorption and ***,metal-semiconductor-metal avalanche photodiodes(ApDs)are fabricated from Bi2O2Se crystals,which consist of electrostatically bound[Bi2O2]2+and[Se]2−*** resulting ApDs possess an intrinsic carrier multiplication factor up to 400 at 7 K with a responsivity gain exceeding 3,000 A/W and bandwidth of~400 kHz at a visible wavelength of 515.6 nm,ultimately resulting in a gain bandwidth product exceeding 1 *** to exceptionally low dark currents,Bi2O2Se ApDs also yield high detectivities up to 4.6×1014 Jones.A systematic analysis of the photocurrent temperature and bias dependence reveals that the carrier multiplication process in Bi2O2Se ApDs is consistent with a reverse biased Schottky diode model with a barrier height of~44 meV,in contrast to the charge trapping extrinsic gain mechanism that dominates most layered semiconductor *** this manner,layered Bi2O2Se ApDs provide a unique platform that can be exploited in a diverse range of high-performance photodetector applications.

关键词： layered semiconductor photodetector high-frequency Schottky diode impact ionization

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Akt isoforms differentially provide for chemoresistance in prostate cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第5期19卷 635-650页

作者： Bo Ma Hanshuang Shao Xia Jiang Zhou Wang Chuanyue(Cary)Wu Diana Whaley Alan wells Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221002China Department of pathology University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA pittsburgh VA Healthcare System PittsburghPA 15213USA Department of Biomedical Informatics University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Urology University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA UpMC Hillman Cancer Center PittsburghPA 15232USA

Objective:Early prostate cancer micrometastatic foci undergo a mesenchymal to epithelial reverting transition,not only aiding seeding and colonization,but also rendering the tumor cells generally *** previously found that upregulated E-cadherin in the epithelial micrometastases activated canonical survival pathways,including pI3K-Akt,that protected the tumor cells from death;however,the extent of protection from blocking the pathway in its entirety was modest,because different isoforms may have alternately affected cell ***,we characterized Akt isoform expressions in primary and metastatic prostate cancers,as well as their individual contributions to ***:Akt isoforms and E-cadherin were manipulated with drugs,knocked down,and over *** cell killing was determined in vitro and in *** survival was calculated from patient records and ***:pan-Akt inhibition sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapy,and specific blockade of Akt1 or/and Akt2 caused cells to be more *** of Akt3 induced apoptosis.A low dose of Akt1 or Akt2 inhibitor enabled standard chemotherapies to significantly eradicate metastatic prostate tumors in a mouse model,acting as *** human specimens,we found Akt1 and Akt2 positively correlated,whereas Akt3 inversely correlated,with the overall survival of prostate cancer ***1high/Akt2high/Akt3low tumors had the worst ***:E-cadherin-induced activation of Akt1/2 isoforms was the essential mechanism of chemoresistance,whereas Akt3 made cells more *** findings emphasized the need to target Akt1/2,rather than pan-Akt,as a rational therapeutic approach.

关键词： Chemoresistance adjuvant therapy metastasis dormancy Akt isoforms

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A study of quasi-absolute method in photon activation analysis

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2014年第5期25卷 10-15页

作者：孙在泾 D.wells C.Segebade S.Chemerisov K.Quigley Chemical Sciences & Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave.ArgonneIL 60439United States physics Department South Dakota School of Mines & Technology501 E. Saint Joseph St.Rapid CitySD 57701United States Idaho Accelerator Center Idaho State University 921 S.8th Ave.PocatelloID 83209United States

relative methods, which are performed with the assistance of reference materials, are widely used in photon activation analysis(pAA). On the contrary, absolute methods, which are conducted without any reference material, are rarely applied due to the difficulty in obtaining photon flux. To realize absolute measurement in pAA,we retrieve photon flux in the sample via Monte Carlo simulation and raise a novel procedure—quasi-absolute method. With simulated photon flux and cross section data from existing databases, it is possible to calculate the concentration of target elements in the sample straightforwardly. A controlled experiment indicates that results from the quasi-absolute method for certain elements are nearly comparable to relative methods in *** technique of absolute measurement has room for improvement in the future and can serve as a validation technique for experimental data on cross sections as well.

关键词：光子活化分析绝对法蒙特卡罗模拟标准样品光子通量绝对测量验证技术实验数据

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Control over hysteresis curves and thresholds of optical bistability in different semiconductor double quantum wells

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Chinese physics B 2015年第8期24卷 373-380页

作者： Hamedi H r Mehmannavaz M r Afshari Hadi Institute of Theoretical physics and Astronomy Vilnius University Young researchers and Elite Club Mashhad Branch Islamic Azad University research Institute for Applied physics University of Tabriz

The effects of optical field on the phenomenon of optical bistability(OB) are investigated in a K-type semiconductor double quantum well(SDQW) under various parametric conditions. It is shown that the OB threshold can be manipulated by increasing the intensity of coupling field. The dependence of the shift of OB hysteresis curve on probe wavelength detuning is then explored. In order to demonstrate controllability of the OB in this SDQW, we compare the OB features of three different configurations which could arise in this SDQW scheme, i.e., K-type, Y-type, and inverted Y-type systems. The controllability of this semiconductor nanostructure medium makes the presented OB scheme more valuable for applications in all-optical switches, information storage, and logic circuits of all optical information processing.

关键词： optical bistability semiconductor double quantum wells K-type Y-type and inverted Y-type schemes OB threshold intensity

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real-time four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy through sparse sampling

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Chinese physics B 2024年第11期33卷 34-38页

作者： A W robinson J wells A Moshtaghpour D Nicholls C Huang A Velazco-Torrejon G Nicotra A I Kirkland N D Browning 无 SenseAI Innovations Ltd. LiverpoolUK Centre for Doctoral Training University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK Correlative Imaging Group Rosalind Franklin InstituteOxfordUK CNr-IMM Z.I.VIII Strada 5Catania95121Italy Department of Mechanical Materialsand Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy(4-D STEM)is a state-of-the-art image acquisition mode used to reveal high and low mass elements at atomic *** acquisition of the electron momenta at each real space probe location allows for various analyses to be performed from a single dataset,including virtual imaging,electric field analysis,as well as analytical or iterative extraction of the object induced phase ***,the limiting factor in 4-D STEM is the speed of acquisition which is bottlenecked by the read-out speed of the camera,which must capture a convergent beam electron diffraction(CBED)pattern at each probe position in the *** developments in sparse sampling and image inpainting(a branch of compressive sensing)for STEM have allowed for real-time recovery of sparsely acquired data from fixed monolithic detectors,Further developments in compressive sensing for 4-D STEM have also demonstrated that acquisition speeds can be increased,i.e.,live video rate 4-D imaging is now *** this work,we demonstrate the first practical implementations of compressive 4-D STEM for real-time inference on two different scanning transmission electron microscopes.

关键词： compressive sensing 4-D STEM inpainting

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土壤阻力连续测试设备研制

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农业工程学报 2009年第2期25卷 67-71页

作者：赵新罗锡文 L.G.wells 华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术省部共建教育部重点实验室广州510642 美国肯塔基大学生物与农业工程系列克星敦40546

为解决目前点采样方法获取的土壤压实信息少和信息获取速度慢的不足,该文研制了可快速连续测量土壤阻力(水平方向)以反映土壤压实程度的测试系统。系统包括机械部分、传感器和信息采集3部分。测试系统由拖拉机牵引,工作时连续测试速度1 ... 详细信息

为解决目前点采样方法获取的土壤压实信息少和信息获取速度慢的不足,该文研制了可快速连续测量土壤阻力(水平方向)以反映土壤压实程度的测试系统。系统包括机械部分、传感器和信息采集3部分。测试系统由拖拉机牵引,工作时连续测试速度1 m/s,土壤阻力信息采样频率为300 Hz,采样数据处理后与GpS定位数据对应存储。实验室试验表明,系统平均测试精度达93.4%。田间试验显示,测试系统性能可靠稳定,具有连续快速获取土壤压实程度信息并反映土壤压实程度空间分布的能力。定义的土壤阻力指数TrI可以反映土壤的压实程度。

关键词：八角环传感器变深耕作土壤阻力土壤压实

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raman Spectroscopic Core Scanning for Iron Ore Characterisation

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矿物学报 2013年第S1期33卷 107-107页

作者： wells M A ramanaidou E r CSIrO Earth Science & resource Engineering Australian Resources Research CentrePO Box 1130Bentley WA 6102Australia

Automated core scanning technologies for mineralogical characterisation of diamond core, drill chips pulps is now an established technique, particularly in the Australian iron ore industry, for mineral analysis in exploration and mining. Application of reflectance spectroscopy over the 400–2500 nm, visible to near-infrared wavelength range, has been used to characterise the iron ore oxide mineralogy of bedded iron deposit (BID) derived iron ores in India (Thangavelu et al., 2011) and Brazil (da Costa et al., 2009), and used to define the ore and gangue (e.g., clay) mineralogy in ironstone or channel iron deposits (CID) in the pilbara region of Western Australia (e.g., Haest et al., 2012).

关键词： raman spectroscopy iron ore core scanning iron oxides goethite hematite magnetite quartz carbonate silicate

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