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Nitrosamines crisis in pharmaceuticals-Insights on toxicological implications,root causes and risk assessment:A systematic review

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Journal of pharmaceutical Analysis 2024年第5期14卷 639-652页

作者： Hemanth p.r.Vikram Tegginamath pramod Kumar Gunjan Kumar Narasimha M.Beeraka rajashree Deka Sheik Mohammed Suhail Sandeep Jat Namitha Bannimath Gayatiri padmanabhan ravandur S.Chandan pramod Kumar Bannimath Gurupadayya Department of pharmaceutical Chemistry JSS College of Pharmacy MysuruJSS Academy of Higher Education and Research(JSSAHER)Mysuru570015India Xenone Healthcare pvt.Ltd. New Delhi110076India Department of pharmaceutics JSS College of Pharmacy MysuruJSS Academy of Higher Education and Research(JSSAHER)Mysuru570015India Department of Human Anatomy I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University(Sechenov University)Moscow119991Russian Federation Department of pharmacology Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research(RIPER)Ananthapuramu515721India Herman B.Wells Center for pediatric research Department of PediatricsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN46202USA Animal physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of ZoologyGauhati UniversityGuwahati781014India Department of pharmacology JSS College of Pharmacy MysuruJSS Academy of Higher Education and Research(JSSAHER)Mysuru570015India Department of pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research(NIPER)-GuwahatiChangsari781101India Department of pharmacology University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

The presence of N-nitroso compounds,particularly N-nitrosamines,in pharmaceutical products has raised global safety concerns due to their significant genotoxic and mutagenic *** systematic review investigates their toxicity in active pharmaceutical ingredients(ApIs),drug products,and pharmaceutical excipients,along with novel analytical strategies for detection,root cause analysis,reformulation strategies,and regulatory guidelines for *** review emphasizes the molecular toxicity of N-nitroso compounds,focusing on genotoxic,mutagenic,carcinogenic,and other physiological ***,it addresses the ongoing nitrosamine crisis,the development of nitrosamine-free products,and the importance of sensitive detection methods and precise risk *** comprehensive overview will aid molecular biologists,analytical scientists,formulation scientists in research and development sector,and researchers involved in management of nitrosamine-induced toxicity and promoting safer pharmaceutical products.

关键词： Carcinogenicity Genotoxicity Mutagenicity Molecular toxicity Nitrosamine impurities Nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities

Mean nocturnal baseline impedance in gastro-esophageal reflux disease diagnosis:Should we strictly follow the Lyon 2 Consensus?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第26期30卷 3253-3256页

作者： Theodoros A Voulgaris Georgios p Karamanolis Department of Gastroenterology School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Clinical practice guidelines drive clinical practice and clinicians rely to them when trying to answer their most common *** of the most important position papers in the field of gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GErD)is the one produced by the Lyon *** an updated second version has been *** nocturnal baseline impedance(MNBI)was proposed by the first Consensus to act as supportive evidence for GErD *** a cut-off of 2292 Ohms was proposed,a value revised in the second *** updated Consensus recommended that an MNBIrongly suggests GErD while a value>2500 Ohms can be used to refute *** proposed cut-offs move in the correct direction by diminishing the original cut-off,nevertheless they arise from a study of normal subjects where cut-offs were provided by measuring the mean value±2SD and not in symptomatic ***,data exist that even symptomatic patients with inconclusive disease or reflux hypersensitivity(rH)show lower MNBI values in comparison to normal subjects or patients with functional heartburn(FH).Moreover,according to the data,MNBI,even among symptomatic patients,is affected by age and body mass ***,various studies have proposed different cut-offs by using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis even lower than the one ***,no information is given for patients submitted to on-proton pump inhibitors pH-impedance studies even if new and extremely important data now ***,even if MNBI is an extremely important tool when trying to approach patients with reflux symptoms and could distinguish conclusive GErD from rH or FH,its values should be interpreted with caution.

关键词： Mean nocturnal baseline impedance Gastro-esophageal reflux disease Lyon 2 Consensus pH-impedance Diagnosis

COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SArS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles r.pedlar Shane C.Burgess Michael p.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis richard J.Simpson School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medicine and pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SArS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SArS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SArS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCr)-βsequencing,and SArS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SArS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SArS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SArS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SArS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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Chronic active and atrophic gastritis as significant contributing factor to the development of gastric cystica profunda

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第17期30卷 2308-2310页

作者： Veronika papp pál Miheller Department of Surgery Transplantation and GastroenterologySemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1082Hungary

Gastric cystica profunda(GCp)is an uncommon but underestimated gastric *** precancerous potential determines its *** addition to previous mucosa injury due to operations,biopsy or polypectomy,chronic active and atrophic gastritis may also lead to the development of *** carefully examining the stomach and taking biopsy samples from the susceptible regions,the stage of atrophy can be *** atrophic gastritis is a risk factor for cancer evolvement and it can also contribute to GCps *** frequently occur close to early gastric cancers(EGCs)or EGC can arise from the cystic *** resection is an effective and minimally invasive treat-ment in GCp.

关键词： Gastric cystica profunda Chronic active gastritis Atrophic gastritis Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment staging Early gastric cancer Endoscopic resection

A novel diurnal and seasonal variation analysis of BTEX in Bengaluru urban area

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research in Cold and Arid regions 2024年第1期16卷 14-19页

作者： H.N.Sowmya M.Dinamani G.p.Shivashankara H.K.ramaraju B.S.Surendra Vijaya V.Shanbhag r.prajwal Department of Civil Engineering Dayananda Sagar College of EngineeringBangalore 560078India Department of Chemistry Dayananda Sagar College of EngineeringBangalore 560078India Department of physics GFGCVijayanagarBengaluru 560040India

In the urban atmosphere of Bengaluru, various volatile organic compounds(VOCs), particularly Benzene,Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene(BTEX), have shown an increasing trend in concentration. The present research was conducted during summer and monsoon seasons, focusing on Kadubeesanahalli, a high-traffic area within the Bengaluru Metropolitan City. Hourly sample data was collected using a BTEX analyzer(Model GC955-600) and subsequently transformed into daily, monthly, and seasonal values. The study revealed distinct patterns in benzene concentrations. Benzene levels were lowest during the early morning hours, specifically from 1:00 *** 7:00 a.m.. Concentrations then increased from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and again from 4:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.,corresponding to the morning and evening peak traffic hours. However, between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., the concentration decreased due to reduced traffic levels. These diurnal variations in benzene concentration are influenced by meteorological parameters. Comparing the two seasons, higher concentrations of Benzene, EthylBenzene, and Mp-xylene were observed during the summer season. This increase is attributed to the elevated temperatures during summer, which promote the vaporization of BTEX compounds. Conversely, lower BTEX concentrations were recorded during the monsoon season due to the wet deposition process. The observed positive correlation(r > 0.5) among BTEX parameters strongly suggests a common source, most likely originating from vehicular emissions.

关键词： BTEX Summer variation Meteorological parameters Correlation

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Geochemistry and mineralogy of beach sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico,Tamaulipas state,Mexico:implication for provenance

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Journal of palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 375-400页

作者： Mayank Shukla Sanjeet K.Verma Mayla A.ramos-Vázquez John S.Armstrong-Altrin Karla r.Hernández-Martínez Sumit Mishra Vivek p.Malviya Héctor Hernández-Mendoza posgrado de la Division de Geociencias Aplicadas Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Científica y Tecnologica(IPICYT)Camino a la Presa San José2055San Luis Potosí78216Mexico Division de Geociencias Aplicadas Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnologica(IPICYT)Camino a la Presa San Jose 2055San Luis Potosí78216Mexico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUnidad de ProcesosOceanicos y CosterosCiudad UniversitariaCiudad de México 04510Mexico Department of Marine Sciences Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620024Tamil NaduIndia Instituto de Geociencias Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MéxicoBoulevard Juriquilla 300176230JuriquillaQueretaroMexico Department of Applied Geology Dr.Harisingh Gour Central UniversitySagar470002Madhya PradeshIndia Instituto de Investigacion de Zonas Desérticas Universidad Autònoma de San Luis PotosíAltair 200CP 78377San LuisS.L.P.Mexico Universidad del Centro de Mexico Capitán Caldera 75CP 78250San LuisS.L.P.Mexico

Geochemical and mineralogical studies were performed in the La pesca(Lp)and Tesoro Altamira(TA)beach sediments,located in the Tamaulipas state,northern Gulf of *** main aim of this study is to infer the weathering history and provenance and to discriminate the tectonic environment of the beach *** sediments are composed of quartz with small amounts of accessory minerals such as plagioclase,calcite,orthoclase,microcline,and *** beach sediments are classified as fine-grained and very well sorted,however Lp has coarse skewed and leptokurtic sediments,whereas TA has fine-skewed and very leptokurtic *** chemical index of weathering(CIW’)indicates intense weathering in the source *** quartz grain microtextures in the Lp and TA are classified into mechanical,chemical,and mechanical/chemical *** features such as fractures,pits,percussion marks,abrasion fatigue,and V-shaped marks favor high-energy littoral,fluvial,subaqueous-marine,and aeolian *** chemical features indicate solution pits and crystalline overgrowth,which suggests a silica saturated marine *** mechanical/chemical features display adhering particles and elongated depressions suggest formation in a sub-aqueous nearshore marine *** and trace elements-based provenance discrimination diagrams indicate a felsic source derived from the Mesa Central(MC),Sierra Madre Oriental(SMOr)and Oaxaquia *** major and trace element concentrations imply a passive margin setting for the northern Gulf of Mexico,which is consistent with the general geology.

关键词： Beach sediments Geochemistry Mineralogy provenance Tamaulipas Tectonic setting

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paper Analytical Device for the Colourimetric Detection of Alkaline phosphatase in Serum and Saliva

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第03期8卷 385-394页

作者： D.Alageswari A.LakshmiDevi p.E.resmi p.V.Suneesh Aarathipradeep T.G.SatheeshBabu Department of Chemistry Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Biosensor research Lab Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Biomedical Engineering Centre Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

A paper analytical device (pAD) was developed for the colourimetric estimation of alkaline phosphatase (ALp). ALp catalyzes the hydrolysis of disodium phenyl phosphate (DSpp) to phenol, which then undergoes oxidative coupling with4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAp) producing a reddish brown-coloured quinone imine. The colourimetric reaction tested in solution has been translated onto a pAD for the point of care (poC) testing of ALp. A uniform colour was obtained in 25 min with the introduction of ALp onto the reagent drop cast paper device. The images obtained by scanning the pAD were processed using ImageJ software. The colour intensity obtained by image processing was proportional to the concentration of ALp present in the sample. ALp in serum and saliva samples were tested using the pAD in the range of 0 to 528 U/L and0 to 187 U/L, respectively. The interference studies revealed that the pAD was selective to ALp in the presence of other biomolecules. The pAD exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.3 U/L and a sensitivity of 48.36 a.u/Log(U/L) for serum ALp and LOD of 1.69 U/L and a sensitivity of 28.5 a.u/Log (U/L) for salivary ALp. The pAD showed good agreement with the clinical methods for real samples.

关键词： Alkaline phosphatase Colourimetry ImageJ paper analytical device point of care testing

Classification of Conversational Sentences Using an Ensemble pre-Trained Language Model with the Fine-Tuned parameter

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 1669-1686页

作者： r.Sujatha K.Nimala Department of Networking and Communications SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathurChengalpattuTamilnadu603203India

Sentence classification is the process of categorizing a sentence based on the context of the *** categorization requires more semantic highlights than other tasks,such as dependence parsing,which requires more syntactic *** existing strategies focus on the general semantics of a conversation without involving the context of the sentence,recognizing the progress and comparing *** ensemble pre-trained language model was taken up here to classify the conversation sentences from the conversation *** conversational sentences are classified into four categories:information,question,directive,and *** classification label sequences are for analyzing the conversation progress and predicting the pecking order of the *** of Bidirectional Encoder for representation of Transformer(BErT),robustly Optimized BErT pretraining Approach(roBErTa),Generative pre-Trained Transformer(GpT),DistilBErT and Generalized Autoregressive pretraining for Language Understanding(XLNet)models are trained on conversation corpus with *** tuning approach is carried out for better performance on sentence *** Ensemble of pre-trained Language Models with a Hyperparameter Tuning(EpLM-HT)system is trained on an annotated conversation *** proposed approach outperformed compared to the base BErT,GpT,DistilBErT and XLNet transformer *** proposed ensemble model with the fine-tuned parameters achieved an F1_score of 0.88.

关键词： Bidirectional encoder for representation of transformer conversation ensemble model fine-tuning generalized autoregressive pretraining for language understanding generative pre-trained transformer hyperparameter tuning natural language processing robustly optimized BErT pretraining approach sentence classification transformer models

Modified Black Widow Optimization-Based Enhanced Threshold Energy Detection Technique for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive radio Networks

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2339-2356页

作者： r.Saravanan r.Muthaiah A.rajesh School of Computing SASTRA Deemed UniversityThanjavur613401India School of Electrical&Electronics Engineering SASTRA Deemed UniversityThanjavur613401India

This study develops an Enhanced Threshold Based Energy Detection approach(ETBED)for spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio *** threshold identification method is implemented in the received signal at the secondary user based on the square *** proposed method is implemented with the signal transmission of multiple outputs-orthogonal frequency division ***,the proposed method is considered the dynamic detection threshold adjustments and energy identification spectrum sensing technique in cognitive radio *** the dynamic threshold,the signal ratio-based threshold is *** threshold is computed by considering the Modified Black Widow Optimization Algorithm(MBWO).So,the proposed methodology is a combination of dynamic threshold detection and *** general threshold-based detection technique has different limitations such as the inability optimal signal threshold for determining the presence of the primary user *** limitations undermine the sensing accuracy of the energy identification ***,the ETBED technique is developed to enhance the energy efficiency of cognitive radio *** projected approach is executed and analyzed with performance and comparison *** proposed method is contrasted with the conventional techniques of theWhale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)and GreyWolf Optimization(GWO).It indicated superior results,achieving a high average throughput of 2.2 Mbps and an energy efficiency of 3.8,outperforming conventional techniques.

关键词： Cognitive radio network spectrum sensing noise uncertainty modified black widow optimization algorithm energy detection technique