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people’s perception and socioeconomic determinants of soil erosion:A case study of Samanalawewa watershed, Sri Lanka

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International Journal of Sediment research 2010年第4期25卷 323-339页

作者： E.p.N. UDAYAKUMArA r.p.shrestha L.SAMArAKOON D.SCHMIDT-VOGT Natural resource Management Field of Study School of Environment Resources and Development Asian Institute of Technology Natural resources Management Field of Study School of Environment Resources and Development Asian Institute of Technology Geoinformatics Centre Asian Institute of Technology Centre of Mountain Ecosystem Studies Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences 3/F Library Building Heilongtan

Though soil erosion is an important concern in Sri Lanka, there is a dearth of baseline information on soil erosion in many ofits watersheds, which obstructs monitoring of soil erosion and mitigating its effects. In order to assess soil erosion in a critical watershed and to identify its determinants, the Samanalawewa watershed, which contains one of the main hydropower generating reservoirs in Sri Lanka, was selected for this study. remote-sensing (rS) and geographic information system (GIS) based modeling as well as field experiments were employed to assess and map soil erosion rates. results indicated that the current rate of soil erosion ranges from 0 to 289 t/ha/yr, and that the average rate of soil erosion has been declining from 20 to 4 t/ha/yr over a period from 1986 to 2008. The current rate of soil erosion is, however, still about 14 to 33 times greater than the natural soil generation rate. Socioeconomic factors and peoples’ perception of soil erosion and soil conservation measures were examined using data collected through a household survey. Multiple regression analysis with eighteen covariates of socioeconomic characteristics yielded eleven socioeconomic variables, viz. household size, farm labor, education, land tenure, conservation cost, training, committee membership, professional competencies, income, distance, and financial capital as the predictor variables of soil erosion. Farmers identified improper soil and crop management practices as the major causes of erosion. The adoption of conservation measures, their effectiveness, and their impact on ecosystem services were also examined.

关键词： Soil erosion people perception Determinants of soil erosion Conservation measures Sri Lanka

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Multi-Scale Dilated Convolution Network for SpECT-MpI Cardiovascular Disease Classification with Adaptive Denoising and Attenuation Correction

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 299-327页

作者： A.robert Singh Suganya Athisayamani Gyanendra prasad Joshi Bhanu shrestha Department of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203Tamil NaduIndia School of Computing Sastra Deemed to be UniversityThanjavur613401Tamil NaduIndia Department of Artificial Intelligence&Software Kangwon National UniversitySamcheok25913Republic of Korea Department of Information Convergence System Graduate School of Smart ConvergenceKwangwoon UniversitySeoul01897Republic of Korea

Myocardial perfusion imaging(MpI),which uses single-photon emission computed tomography(SpECT),is a well-known estimating tool for medical diagnosis,employing the classification of images to show situations in coronary artery disease(CAD).The automatic classification of SpECT images for different techniques has achieved near-optimal accuracy when using convolutional neural networks(CNNs).This paper uses a SpECT classification framework with three steps:1)Image denoising,2)Attenuation correction,and 3)Image *** denoising is done by a U-Net architecture that ensures effective image *** correction is implemented by a convolution neural network model that can remove the attenuation that affects the feature extraction process of ***,a novel multi-scale diluted convolution(MSDC)network is *** merges the features extracted in different scales and makes the model learn the features more *** scales of filters with size 3×3 are used to extract *** three steps are compared with state-of-the-art *** proposed denoising architecture ensures a high-quality image with the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio(pSNr)value of *** proposed classification method is compared with the five different CNN models,and the proposed method ensures better classification with an accuracy of 96%,precision of 87%,sensitivity of 87%,specificity of 89%,and F1-score of 87%.To demonstrate the importance of preprocessing,the classification model was analyzed without denoising and attenuation correction.

关键词： SpECT-MpI CAD MSDC denoising attenuation correction classification

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A new type of blockchain for secure message exchange in VANET

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Digital Communications and Networks 2020年第2期6卷 177-186页

作者： rakesh shrestha rojeena Bajracharya Anish p.shrestha Seung Yeob Nam Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology Yeonsei UniversitySongdogwahak-roYeonsu-guIncheon21983South Korea Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam University280 Daehak-RoGyeongsan-siGyeongsangbuk-doSouth Korea Computer Science and Engineering Department Sejong University209 Neungdong-roGunja-dongGwangjin-guSeoulSouth Korea

In the Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks(VANET),the collection and dissemination of life-threatening traffic event information by vehicles are of utmost ***,traditional VANETs face several security *** propose a new type of blockchain to resolve critical message dissemination issues in the *** create a local blockchain for real-world event message exchange among vehicles within the boundary of a country,which is a new type of blockchain suitable for the *** present a public blockchain that stores the node trustworthiness and message trustworthiness in a distributed ledger that is appropriate for secure message dissemination.

关键词： VANET Blockchain Message trustworthiness Node trustworthiness Edge computing

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Use of groundwater flow model in the analysis of a creeping landslide in western Japan

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Episodes 2006年第1期29卷 20-25页

作者： H.K. shrestha r. Yatabe N.p. Bhandary Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ehime University Japan. Faculty of Engineering Ehime University Japan.

To predict the movement of an existing creeping landslide, monitoring and analysis of hydrological parameters are crucial This paper analyses the hydrological parameters of an existing creeping landslide site in western Japan. The groundwater flow and resulting fluctuation in pore water pressure at the slip layer of a sliding block was simulated using a groundwater flow model. A quasithree-dimensional factor of safety of the block was obtained by combining the groundwater model with slope stability analysis methods. The results show that for prediction purposes at a creeping landslide site the time series analysis using longterm data is of limited use, because the fluctuations of ground surface movement and hydrological parameters are not completely synchronized when the factor of safety of the slope soil is in the creep movement range. The ground surface movement rate dropped after each episode of relatively big movement, even when the hydrological parameters were constant. The factor of safety of the sliding block was more influenced by groundwater recharge from the hills than by rainfall. pore water pressure fluctuation obtained from groundwater flow model resulting from specific rainfall events indicated better relations between fluctuations in pore water pressure and ground surface movement.

关键词：日本滑坡地下水流动模型动力地质

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Field efficacy of insect pathogen, botanical, and jasmonic acid for the management of wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana and the impact on adult parasitoid Macroglenes penetrans populations in spring wheat

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 523-535页

作者： Govinda shrestha Gadi V. p. reddy Department of research Centers Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center Montana State University Conrad Montana USA

The wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana, is a serious pest of wheat worldwide. In North America, management of S. mosellana in spring wheat relies on the timely application of pesticides, based on midge adults levels caught in pheromone traps or seen via field scouting during wheat heading. In this context, biopesticides can be an effective alternative to pesticides for controlling S. mosellana within an Integrated pest Management program. A field study using insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana GHA, nematode Steinernema Jeltiae with Barricade polymer gel 1%, pyrethrin, combined formulations of B. bassiana GHA and pyrethrin, Jasmonic acid (JA) and chlorpyrifos (chemical check) was performed to determine to which extent they affect midge larval populations, kernel damage levels, grain yield, and quality, and the impacts on adult parasitoid Macroglenes penetrans populations. The results indicated that biopesticides JA and S. Jeltiae were the most effective in reducing larval populations and kernel damage levels, and produced a higher spring wheat yield when compared to the water control at both study locations (East Valier and North Valier, Montana, USA). Increased test weight in wheat had been recorded with two previous biopesticides at East Valier but not for North Valier, when compared over water control. These results were comparable in efficacy to the chlorpyrifos. This study also suggested that B. bassiana and pyrethrin may work synergistically, as exemplified by lower total larval populations and kernel damage levels when applied together. This study did not demonstrate the effect of any treatments on M. penetrans populations.

关键词： biological control biopesticides entomopathogen Integrated pest Management

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Factors associated with crash severities in built-up areas along rural highways of Nevada:A case study of 11 towns

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2017年第1期4卷 96-102页

作者： pramen p.shrestha K.Joseph shrestha Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Engineering Technology Surveyingand Digital MediaEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN 37614USA

In 2014, 32,675 deaths were recorded in vehicle crashes within the United States. Out of these, 51% of the fatalities occurred in rural highways compared to 49% in urban highways. No specific crash data are available for the built-up areas along rural highways. Due to high fatalities in rural highways, it is important to identify the factors that cause the vehicle crashes. The main objective of this study is to determine the factors associated with se- verities of crashes that occurred in built-up areas along the rural highways of Nevada. Those factors could aid in making informed decisions while setting up speed zones in these built-up areas. Using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model, 337 crashes that occurred in 11 towns along the rural highways from 2002 to 2010 were analyzed. The results showed that more crashes occurred during favorable driving conditions, e.g., 87% crashes on dry roads and 70% crashes in clear weather. The binary logistic regression model showed that crashes occurred from midnight until 4 a.m. were 58.3% likely to be injury crashes rather than property damage only crashes, when other factors were kept at their mean values. Crashes on weekdays were three times more likely to be injury crashes than that occurred on weekends. When other factors were kept at their mean value, crashes involving motorcycles had an 80.2% probability of being injury crashes. Speeding was found to be 17 times more responsible for injury crashes than mechanical defects of the vehicle. As a result of this study, the Nevada Department of Transportation now can take various steps to improve public safety, including steps to reduce speeding and encourage the use of helmets for motorcycle riders.

关键词： Speed-zone guideline Crash severity Binary logistic regression model rural highway Nevada department of transportation

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Comprehensive framework for speed-zone guidelines

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第4期3卷 352-363页

作者： K.Joseph shrestha pramen p.shrestha Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Civil Construction and Environmental EngineeringIowa State University

Speeding is often considered as one of the major reasons of traffic crashes. As a result, State Departments of Transportations （DOTs） receive requests from communities to decrease speed limits in towns along rural highways. Such requests, coupled with the lack of proper manuals, have forced state DOTs to reduce the speed limits. A proper speed-zone manual is required to establish consistent speed zones across a state. This paper reviewed the literature on speed, crashes, enforcement techniques, and speed-zone manuals. A nationwide survey was conducted to identify various factors affecting the decisions of speed zones establishing. This paper identified best practices based on the literature review and expert opinions, and proposed a comprehensive framework for a speed-zone manual. The Nevada DOT traffic engineers were also interviewed during this research to incorpo- rate their opinions in the framework. The framework provided in this paper has six phases. They are; 1） speed-zone identification; 2） speed-limit determination; 3） transition-zone detailed design; 4） speed-zone approval; 5） speed-limit enforcement; and 6） follow-up study. relevant studies, and manuals corresponding to each phases were presented in this paper. This framework is useful for NDOT, other state DOTs within the U.S., and transportation agencies worldwide that haven＇t had speed zone manuals currently to develop a proper speed-zone manual.

关键词： Speed zone guidelineSpeed limit guidelinerealistic speed limitTraffic safetyNevada Department ofTransportation

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The p-T-t-D evolution of the Mahabharat,east-central Nepal:The out-of-sequence development of the Himalaya

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 372-382页

作者： Kyle p.Larson Sudip shrestha Mathieu Soret Matthijs Smit Department of Earth Environmental and Geographic SciencesUniversity of British Columbia Okanagan3247 University WayKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver2020-2207 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada

A garnet-bearing schist from the southernmost such exposure along the Himalaya in east central Nepal records prograde metamorphism at 32.4±0.3 *** equilibria modelling,combined with Ti-in-biotite and quartz caxis thermometry,outline a tight-to-hairpin pressure-temperature(p-T)path extending from~515℃ and 5.5 kbar to peak conditions at~575℃ and 7 kbar followed by deformation during the retrograde phase at 480-515℃ and 6-7 *** new geochronology data place an upper bound on the evolution of metamorphism and deformation in the frontal-most part of the Himalaya,which lasted until 17.5 Ma,as indicated by previously published ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar *** p-T-time data from this part of the Himalaya,as well as that from more hinterlandward portions of the orogen,outline a progressive,stepwise,commonly out-of-sequence *** data from along the orogen indicates that this evolution is not a local phenomenon,but instead characterizes the tectonics of this system as a whole.

关键词： Himalaya Metamorphism Kinematics Lu-Hf Geochronology Nepal

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Aging Coefficient, Creep Coefficient and Extrapolating Aging Coefficient from Short Term Test for Sealed Concrete

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2011年第1期26卷 154-159页

作者： shrestha K M College of Civil Engineering Fuzhou University

Aging coefficient and creep coefficient are important parameters for creep analysis of any structure. With the aim to obtain those parameters, an experimental investigation is carried out on sealed concrete. Altogether ten specimens were tested, out of which four were for creep, two for shrinkage and remaining four for relaxation test. A year of relaxation test and two years of creep test results were analyzed to compute aging coefficient and creep coefficient. From regression analysis of observed and calculated aging coefficient using formula of Bazant and Kim, modification for aging coefficient is performed and extrapolation equations are generated. Instead of ACI model, B3 model has been used to obtain compliance function as the parameters of B3 model seems more relevant to creep mechanism of concrete compared to that of ACI model.

关键词： stress strength ratio creep test experimental study B3 model regression analysis

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Liutex core line and pOD analysis on hairpin vortex formation in natural flow transition

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第6期32卷 1109-1121页

作者： Sita Charkrit pushpa shrestha Chaoqun Liu Department of Mathematics Maejo UniversityChiang MaiThailand Department of Mathematics University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas76019USA

In this study,the new method of the vortex core line based on Liutex definition,also known as Liutex core line,is applied to support the hypothesis that the vortex ring is not a part of theΛ-vortex and the formation of the ring-like vortex is formed separately from theΛ-*** proper orthogonal decomposition(pOD)is also applied to analyze the Kelvin-VHelmholtz(K-H)instability happening in hairpin ring areas of the flow transition on the flat plate to understand the mechanism of the ring-like vortex *** new vortex identification method named modified Liutex-Omega method is efficiently used to visualize and observe the shapes of vortex structures in *** streamwise vortex structure characteristics can be found in pOD mode one as the mean *** other pOD modes are in stremwise and spanwise structures and have the fluctuation motions,which are induced by K-H ***,the result shows that pOD modes are in pairs and share the same characteristics such as amplitudes,mode shapes,and time *** vortex core and pOD results confirm that theΛ-vortex is not self-deformed to a hairpin vortex,but the hairpin vortex is formed by the K-H instability during the development of Lambda vortex to hairpin vortex in the boundary layer flow transition.

关键词： Liutex vector Liutex core line proper orthogonal decomposition(pOD)analysis K-H instability Lambda vortex Hairpin vort

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