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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neuromuscular junction during developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tomàs Víctor Cilleros-Mañé Laia Just-Borràs Marta Balanyà-segura Aleksandra polishchuk Laura Nadal Marta Tomàs Carolina silvera-simón Manel M.santafé Maria A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia(UHNeurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and *** competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or *** have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse *** purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this *** particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(pKA and pKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental *** dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific *** describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTr pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon *** downstream displacement of the pKA/pKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary ***,calcium entry through L-and p/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine receptors axonal competition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium channels motor end-plate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors postnatal synapse elimination serine kinases tropomyosin-related kinase receptorB

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Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia s.rex David J.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included pubMed,the National science Foundation(NsF),the NEI,the Blue ridge Institute for Medical research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ArVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

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shifting paradigms for Nepal＇s protected areas： history, challenges and relationships

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Journal of Mountain science 2017年第5期14卷 964-979页

作者： Babu r BHATTArAI Wendy WrIGHT Buddi s pOUDEL Achyut ArYAL Bhupendra p YADAV radha WAGLE Department of National parks and Wildlife Conservation #860KathmanduNepal Faculty of science and Technology Federation University AustraliaVictoriaAustralia Department of Forest research and survey #3339KthmanduNepal Institute of Mathematical and Natural sciences Massey University#102904AucklandNew Zealand Ministry of Forests and soil Conservation #12476 KathmanduNepal

The modern history of protected area(pA) management in Nepal dates back to 1973 when the National parks and Wildlife Conservation Act(1973) was promulgated and Chitwan National park was established. In the years immediately following these key events, protected area acts and regulations were strictly applied and the role of local people in managing natural resources was neglected. However with the passage of time, and with changes in the socio-political and economic characteristics of Nepal, management regimes have shifted towards a more liberal model which recognizes more clearly the contributions of people living and working within protected areas. recently, landscape level conservation models including the designation of multiple use areas have been utilized in the development of management plans for protected areas in Nepal. Conservation agencies have attempted to tackle challenges such as land use conflict, poaching and smuggling of wildlife parts and illegal harvesting of highly valued medicinal herbs through regulation, but these efforts are not always successful. We recommend a holistic conflict resolution approach which recognizes and resolves the different needs of all stakeholders.

关键词： protected area National park Conservation Management Development history Nepal

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purification and characterization of rat testicular glutathione s-transferases:role in the synthesis of eicosanoids

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2000年第4期2卷 277-282页

作者： D.Anuradha K.Veerareddy T.CharlesKumar s.Neeraja p.r.K.reddy p.reddanna school of Life sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500 046 IndiaSchool of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500 046 IndiaSchool of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500 046 IndiaSchool of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500 046 IndiaSchool of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500 046 IndiaSchool of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500 046 India

Aim: purification of glutathione s-transferases (GsTs) from rat testis; separation and identificationunits and their role in eicosanoid biosynthesis. Methods: purification of mt testicular GsTs by affit?phy, employing s-hexylglutathione-linked epoxy-activated sepharose 6B column and separation of indiby reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography (rp-HpLC). Characterization of affinity purified,um dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sDs-pAGE) and Westem blot analysis. The roGsTs in eicosanoid biosynthesis was determined by incubating GsTs with 5, 6-Leukotriene A_4Me (prostaglandin H_2 (pGH_2) and analyzing the products formed on HpLC/TLC. results: The present stumajority of rat testicular GsTs are of Y_b size (60%) with molecular weight of 27 kDa. The most preunits, however, are GsT Y_(n2) (27% ), followed by GsT Y_c (24% ) and GsT Y_(nl) (20%). These testiculavery high Leukotriene C_4 (LTC_4) synthase activity with 5, 6-Leukotriene A4Me (LTA_4Me) as theprostaglandin D (pGD) synthase activity with prostaglandin H_2 (pGH_2) as the substrate. Conclusion:testicular GsTs are Y_b sized and are involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids like LTC_4 and pGD_2.(Asian J Androl 2000 Dec; 2: 277-282)

关键词： testis glutathione transferase leukotrienes prostaglandins

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A decision model for decentralized autonomous organization platform selection: Three industry case studies

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Blockchain(research and Applications) 2023年第2期4卷 82-100页

作者： E.Baninemeh s.Farshidi s.jansen Department of Information and Computer science Utrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands Department of software Engineering Lappeenranta University of TechnologyLappeenrantaFinland

Context:Decentralized autonomous organizations are a new form of smart contract-based *** autonomous organization platforms,which support the creation of such organizations,are becoming increasingly popular,such as Aragon and *** the best fitting platform is challenging for organizations,as a significant number of decision criteria,such as popularity,developer availability,governance issues and consistent documentation of such platforms,should be ***,decision-makers at the organizations are not experts in every domain,so they must continuously acquire volatile knowledge regarding such ***:supporting decision-makers in selecting the right decentralized autonomous organization platforms by designing an effective decision model is the main objective of this *** aim to provide more insight into their selection process and reduce time and effort significantly by designing a decision ***:This study presents a decision model for the decentralized autonomous organization platform selection *** decision model captures knowledge regarding such platforms and concepts *** model is based on an existing theoretical framework that assists software engineers with a set of multi-criteria decision-making problems in software ***:We conducted three industry case studies in the context of three decentralized autonomous organizations to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision model in assisting *** case study participants declared that the decision model provides significantly more insight into their selection process and reduces time and ***:We observe in the empirical evidence from the case studies that decision-makers can make more rational,efficient,and effective decisions with the decision ***,the reusable form of the captured knowledge regarding decentralized autonomous organization platforms can be

关键词： Decentralized autonomous organization Decision model Multi-criteria decision making Decision support system Decentralized autonomous organization platform Case study research

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simulation of Case Depth of Cementation steels According to Fick’s Laws

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Journal of Iron and steel research International 2012年第11期19卷 71-78页

作者： s r Elmi Hosseini Faculty of Engineering Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Sistan and Baluchestan

The carburizing process is the enrichment of the depth of low carbon steels with carbon. It leads to samples with a combination of high surface hardness and high core toughness and to an impact strength that is required for many engineering parts. The material studied is a low carbon steel. The carbon content is little in this type of steel （wc = 0.2 ~）. The calculation of case depth is very important for cementation steels that are hardened in the carburi- zing process. The effective case depth is defined as the perpendicular distance from the surface to a place at which the hardness is HV 550. Nowadays, a great number of studies have been carried out on the simulation of effective case depth, but no studies have been conducted to determine the numerical relation between the total case depth on one hand and the carburizing time and the effective case depth on the other hand. The steel specimens were subjected to graphite powder. Then, they were heat treated at 925 ~C for about 3, 5, 8 and 12 h, respectively. Then, these parts were quenched in oil. To determine the effective case depth, the micr0hardness test was performed on the cross-section of specimens. plotting the case depth vs carburizing time, the required conditions for obtaining the specified case depth were determined. Also, the comparison between the case depths in numerical solution and the actual position in pack carburizing was performed.

关键词： cementation steel carburizing case depth Fick's law simulation

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regulator of G protein signaling 6 mediates exercise-induced recovery of hippocampal neurogenesis,learning,and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第10期20卷 2969-2981页

作者： Mackenzie M.spicer Jianqi Yang Daniel Fu Alison N.DeVore Marisol Lauffer Nilufer s.Atasoy Deniz Atasoy rory A.Fisher Department of Neuroscience and pharmacology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Iowa Neuroscience Institute University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Interdisciplinary Graduate program in Molecular Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Neural Circuits and Behavior Core University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Hippocampal neuronal loss causes cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s *** hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s *** stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents and improves memory and slows cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s ***,the molecular pathways for exercise-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improved cognition in Alzheimer’s disease are poorly ***,regulator of G protein signaling 6(rGs6)was identified as the mediator of voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis in ***,we generated novel rGs6fl/fl;App_(sWE) mice and used retroviral approaches to examine the impact of rGs6 deletion from dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells on voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition in an amyloid-based Alzheimer’s disease mouse *** found that voluntary running in App_(sWE) mice restored their hippocampal cognitive impairments to that of control *** cognitive rescue was abolished by rGs6 deletion in dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells,which also abolished running-mediated increases in adult hippocampal *** hippocampal neurogenesis was reduced in sedentary App_(sWE) mice versus control mice,with basal adult hippocampal neurogenesis reduced by rGs6 deletion in dentate gyrus neural precursor ***6 was expressed in neurons within the dentate gyrus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease with significant loss of these rGs6-expressing ***,rGs6 mediated voluntary running-induced rescue of impaired cognition and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in App_(sWE) mice,identifying rGs6 in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： adult hippocampal neurogenesis Alzheimer’s disease dentate gyrus exercise learning/memory neural precursor cells regulator of G protein signaling 6(rGs6)

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Multi-Headed Deep Learning Models to Detect Abnormality of Alzheimer’s patients

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Computer systems science & Engineering 2023年第1期44卷 367-390页

作者： s.Meenakshi Ammal p.s.Manoharan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Thiagarajar College of EngineeringMadurai625015Tamil NaduIndia

Worldwide,many elders are suffering from Alzheimer’s disease(AD).The elders with AD exhibit various abnormalities in their activities,such as sleep disturbances,wandering aimlessly,forgetting activities,etc.,which are the strong signs and symptoms of AD *** these symptoms in advance could assist to a quicker diagnosis and treatment and to prevent the progression of Disease to the next *** pr.p.s.d method aims to detect the behavioral abnormalities found in Daily activities of AD patients(ADp)using *** the pr.p.s.d work,a publicly available dataset collected using wearables is ***,no real-world data is available to illustrate the daily activities of ***,the pr.p.s.d method has synthesized the wearables data according to the abnormal activities of *** the pr.p.s.d work,multi-headed(MH)architectures such as MH Convolutional Neural Network-Long short-Term Mem-ory Network(CNN-LsTM),MH one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network(1D-CNN)and MH two dimensional Convolutional Neural Network(2D-CNN)as well as conventional methods,namely CNN-LsTM,1D-CNN,2D-CNN have been implemented to model activity pattern.A multi-label prediction technique is applied to detect abnormal *** results obtained show that the pr.p.s.d MH architectures achieve improved performance than the conventional ***,the MH models for activity recognition perform better than the abnormality detection.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease abnormal activity detection classifier chain multi-headed CNN-LsTM wearable sensor

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Navigating the complexities of perianal Crohn’s disease:Diagnostic strategies,treatment approaches,and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第44期30卷 4745-4753页

作者： Jai p singh Maryam Aleissa Ernesto r Drelichman Vijay K Mittal Jasneet s Bhullar Department of surgery-Colon and rectal surgery Ascension Providence HospitalSouthfieldMI 48075United States Department of surgery-Colon and rectal surgery Ascension Providence HospitalMichigan State University College of Human MedicineSouthfieldMI 48075United States Department of surgery Ascension Providence HospitalMichigan State University College of Human MedicineSouthfieldMI 48075United States

This article discusses the literature review article by pacheco et al published in July 2024;the authors provided good reviews of perianal Crohn’s disease(CD),and challenges faced by clinicians in the ***,characterized by its chronic and relapsing nature,is an idiopathic condition that can involve any segment of the gastrointestinal *** disease impacts up to 40%of patients with CD,with perianal fistulas constituting up to 80%of perianal *** CD can be highly incapacitating and profoundly diminish the overall well-being of *** management focuses on controlling the perianal sepsis and treating luminal *** are crucial to the treatment approach,and results have been *** surgery focuses on controlling the sepsis,with more definitive treatments being fistula surgery,fecal diversion,and proctectomy as the last *** manuscript briefly describes the burden of CD,the challenges posed by perianal CD,and the role of different treatment modalities from colorectal surgeon’s perspective.

关键词： Crohn’s disease perianal Fistula Fistulotomy Biologics stem cell therapy

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Impact of Zika virus non-structural protein mutations on hippocampal damage

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第8期20卷 2307-2308页

作者： Larissa M.G.Cassiano roney s.Coimbra Neurogenômica/Imunopatologia Instituto RenéRachouFiocruzBelo HorizonteBrazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil

The Zika virus(ZIKV),a member of the Flaviviridae family,attracted worldwide attention for its connection to severe neurological effects,notably microcephaly in newborns,first reported during the 2015 epidemic in ***,its impact goes beyond fetal and neonatal abnormalities,also affecting the central nervous system(CNs)in both children and adults,leading to enduring cognitive and behavioral impairments.

关键词： damage fetal neonatal

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