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Distinct MLT asymmetry of auroral kilometric radiation observed by the FAST satellite

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Earth and planetary physics 2025年第1期9卷 188-193页

作者： JiaWen Tang Sai Zhang FuLiang Xiao HongMing Yang Si Liu YiHua He Chang Yang YuYue Jin ZhouKun Deng ping Li Archie James johnston School of physics and Electronic Sciences Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China Hunan province Higher Education Key Laboratory of Modeling and Monitoring on the Near-Earth Electromagnetic Environments Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China School of Electrical and Information Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China

Auroral Kilometric radiation (AKr) is a common radio emission,which can contribute to the magnetosphere-ionosphereatmosphere co u *** emissions have been observed in all magnetic planet magnetospheres of the solar *** this study,using observations from the FAST satellite from 30 August 1996 to 9 September 2001,the distribution of AKr in altitude=500-4500 km and invariant latitude (|ILAT|)=60°-80°has been analyzed.63045 AKr samples have been identified with~48%(52%) samples on the dayside (nightside).Of considerable interest,there is a distinct MLT asymmetry with the high occurrence rate in MLT=05-08 and 18-22(02-05 and 12-17) in the northern (southern) *** distinct MLT asymmetry is associated with the direction of Bxof the interplaneta ry magnetic *** addition,the occurrence rate on the nightside clearly increases as the AE^(*) index *** study further enriches the information and understanding of AKr in the magnetosphere as well as other similar radio emissions.

关键词： asymmetry auroral kilometric radiation interplanetary magnetic field

Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma:Current and future

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第24期25卷 2977-2989页

作者： Michael p johnston Salim I Khakoo Department of Hepatology Southampton General HospitalUniversity Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO16 6YDUnited Kingdom Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineSouthampton General HospitalUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO16 6YDUnited Kingdom

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)arises on the background of chronic liver *** the development of effective anti-viral therapeutics HCC is continuing to rise,in part driven by the epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver *** patients present with advanced disease out with the criteria for transplant,resection or even locoregional *** available therapeutics for HCC are effective in a small minority of ***,there has been a major global interest in immunotherapies for cancer and although HCC has lagged behind other cancers,great opportunities now exist for treating HCC with newer and more sophisticated *** checkpoint inhibitors are at the forefront of this revolution,other therapeutics such as inhibitory cytokine blockade,oncolytic viruses,adoptive cellular therapies and vaccines are *** these may be categorized as either boosting existing immune response or stimulating de novo immune *** some of these agents have shown promising results as monotherapy in early phase trials it may well be that their future role will be as combination therapy,either in combination with one another or in combination with treatment modalities such as locoregional *** these agents are likely to generate new and exciting opportunities for treating HCC,which are summarized in this review.

关键词： Adoptive cell therapy Cancer vaccine Checkpoint inhibitor Hepatocellular carcinoma Immunotherapy Liver cancer Oncolytic virus

Supercritical CO_2-based solvents in next generation microelectronics processing

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第1期52卷 27-33页

作者： ZHANG XiaoGang Keith p. johnston Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China Department of Chemical Engineering Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

Large amount of chemicals and highly purified-water are needed in microelectronic manufacture. The ability of solutions to penetrate tiny spaces will become significantly more challenging as the feature size of semiconductor devices decreases to nanoscale dimensions and the functional complexity of integrated circuitries (ICs) ever increases. Supercritical fluids (SCFs) possess a unique combination of properties (no surface tension and gas-like viscosity) that can potentially be exploited for application in microelectronics manufacturing and processing in response to needs for material-compatible cleaning systems, small-dimension developing solvents, and low chemical-use processes. recent microelec- tronics processes for cleaning and rinsing of patterned porous low-k dielectrics and drying of photo- resist in CO2-based solvents are the main focus of this review. Additional topics in supercritical fluid processing include spin coating of photoresists, development with nanoscale dimensions, metal deposition and silylation.

关键词：微电子学二氧化碳溶解性深冷分离

Use of Solid State Carbothermic reduction in production of Transition Metals and Their Carbides

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2000年第2期7卷 14-22页

作者： YANG Yin-dong SOMMErVILLE I D johnston r F McLEAN A University of Toronto LaTrobe University

The use of solid state carbothermic reduction as a precursor to the smelting of transition metal ores was examined . The advantages of the introduction of a prereduction stage include enabling the more efficient use of fines and the achievement of higher energy efficiencies. A solid state reduction using carbon as the reductant offers a simpler alternative for their treatment. Subsequent treatment of the reduced material could include intensive bath smelting to produce ferroalloys or, in some case, solid state separation of the transition metal carbide where this has commercial significance.

关键词： solid state carbothermic reduction transition metals carbide

Effects of reduced Nocturnal Temperature on performance and Behavior of Nursery pigs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第9期11卷 1509-1516页

作者： Lee J johnston West Central research and Outreach Center University of MinnesotaMorris MN 56267 USA

previous studies suggested that pigs prefer lower environmental temperatures during nighttime compared to daytime. So reducing nocturnal temperature in nursery barns may not jeopardize performance or welfare of pigs, but can save energy for heating the barn. A study was conducted to investigate growth performance and behavioral response of nursery pigs to reduced nocturnal temperature. This study was conducted in four replicates, each utilizing 270 newly weaned pigs and lasting for 5 wk. Temperature setpoint in the control room （CON） was started at 30℃ and decreased by 2℃ per week. In the treatment room （rNT）, temperature setpoint was maintained same as in CON between 7：00 h and 19：00 h, and reduced by 8~C between 19：00 h and 7：00 h starting from d 5. Growth performance （15 pens/room, 9 pigs/pen, BW=（6.3±0.61） kg） was monitored for 5 wk, and behaviors in 6 pens in each room were video-recorded for 24 h 3 d after being exposed to the experimental temperature. Instantaneous scan sampling was performed to determine time budgets for standing, sitting, eating, drinking, belly nosing, three postures of lying, and huddling. Two focal pigs were continuously viewed to record duration and occurrence of eating and drinking. reduced nocturnal temperature did not affect the growth performance of the pigs, time spent standing, sitting, total lying and eating or duration and frequencies of eating and drinking （all p〉0.10）. However, rNT increased time spent lying sternal （83 vs. 72%, p〈0.001） and number of pigs that were huddling （70 vs. 50% of lying pigs, p〈0.001）, and decreased time spent lying laterally （0.8 vs. 4.6%, p〈0.001）, lying half laterally （5.3 vs. 11.0%, p〈0.001）, and belly nosing （0.9 vs. 1.7%, p=0.01） during nighttime. These results indicate that nursery pigs adopted the posture of lying sternal and huddled together to reduce heat loss from their body surface to maintain thermal balance and growth performance in rNT. Such mild reduction in nocturnal temperature in th

关键词： reduced nocturnal temperature behavior growth performance pigs

Development of Mathematical Model of Slag Flow Field and Temperature Field in ESr System

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2000年第2期7卷 27-31页

作者： YANG Yin-dong SOMMErVILLE I D johnston r F McLEAN A University of Toronto LaTrobe University

The heat transfer phenomena and driving forces of slag bath flow in ESr process were analyzed, and the mathematical models in ESr system were reviewed and evaluated. The electromagnetic force is the main driving force for the flow formation in the ESr slag pool, and the temperature difference in the pool creates a convective flow in the system. The shape of the electrode tip has an effect on electromagnetic field distribution in slag pool, thus affects the flow pattern. Finally an improved mathematical model of slag pool flow was proposed.

关键词： ESr electromagnetic force buoyancy force flow field temperature field mathematical model

Tension and resolution: Dynamic, Evolving populations of Organelle Genomes within plant Cells

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Molecular plant 2019年第6期12卷 764-783页

作者： lain G.johnston School of Biosciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Birmingham Institute for Forest research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

Mitochondria and plastids form dynamic, evolving populations physically embedded in the fluctuating environment of the plant cell. Their evolutionary heritage has shaped how the cell controls the genetic structure and the physical behavior of its organelle populations. While the specific genes involved in these processes are gradually being revealed, the governing principles underlying this controlled behavior remain poorly understood. As the genetic and physical dynamics of these organelles are central to bioenergetic performance and plant physiology, this challenges both fundamental biology and strategies to engineer better-performing plants. This article reviews current knowledge of the physical and genetic behavior of mitochondria and chloroplasts in plant cells. An overarching hypothesis is proposed whereby organelles face a tension between genetic robustness and individual control and responsiveness, and different species resolve this tension in different ways. As plants are immobile and thus subject to fluctuating environments, their organelles are proposed to favor individual responsiveness, sacrificing genetic robustness. Several notable features of plant organelles, including large genomes, mtDNA recombination, fragmented organelles, and plastid/mitochondrial differences may potentially be explained by this hypothesis. Finally, the ways that quantitative and systems biology can help shed light on the plethora of open questions in this field are highlighted.

关键词： mitochondria plastids chloroplasts plants evolution organelle DNA

rapid recovery of rare earth elements in industrial wastewater by CuFe_2O_4 synthesized from Cu sludge

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Journal of rare Earths 2018年第5期36卷 513-520页

作者： Yao-Jen Tu Cliff T.johnston Institute of Urban Study Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences Purdue University 915 W. State Street West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

This study systematically evaluates the recovery of rare earth elements（rEEs） from aqueous solution and industrial wastewater using magnetic nanoparticles CuFe2O4. The industrially manufactured CuFe2O4 displays a nonlinear isotherm for rEEs adsorption, suggesting limiting binding sites on the CuFe2O4 surface. The recovery of rEEs increases significantly from 0.1% to 99.99% with increasing pH（2.29-8.15）. At room temperature, the maxima recovery rates of Nd, La, and Ce are observed to be in a high capacity of 51.02, 42.02, and 40.16 mg/g, respectively. No significant attenuation of rEE adsorption is observed with increasing NaCl concentration from 0.001 to 1.0 mol/L, showing high selectivity of rEEs even in such high NaCl concentration matrix. In addition, desorption efficiency increases with the increasing concentration of HNO3 in the range of 0.005-0.05 mol/L. When HNO3 concentration is over 0.05 mol/L, the desorption efficiency can reach almost 100% in each batch experiment. Importantly, our results show that rEEs can be sorbed and recycled from liquid crystal display（LCD） polishing wastewater, suggesting that CuFe2O4 may be a good candidate in the efficient and rapid recovery of rEEs from industrial wastewater.

关键词： rare earth elements Industrial wastewater Industrial sludge Magnetic separation CuFe2O4

Diabetes is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with cirrhosis-implications for surveillance and future pharmacotherapy

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第2期9卷 230-234页

作者： Michael p.johnston Janisha patel Christopher D.Byrne Department of Hepatology University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK Human Development and Health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK National Institute for Health research Southampton Biomedical research Centre University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common liver-related complication seen in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)(1).NASH is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)but it has also been apparent for a number of years that T2DM is associated with an increased risk of HCC independent of the presence of NASH(2).A 2006 meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies and case-control studies demonstrated an association between T2DM and an increased risk of HCC(3).International guidelines advocate surveillance for HCC in patients with NASH who have progressed to cirrhosis(4).An important clinical question is whether T2DM confers an increased risk of HCC once patients with NASH have progressed to *** a recent study by Yang and colleagues(5),the authors reported strong evidence that T2DM is an independent risk factor for HCC in patients with NASH-related *** and colleagues performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively registered research dataset of patients with NASH-related cirrhosis.

关键词： T2DM cirrhosis patients