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Arraying of microphotosynthetic power cells for enhanced power output

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第2期8卷 185-202页

作者： kiran Kuruvinashetti Muthukumaran Packirisamy Optical-Bio Microsystems Laboratory Department of MechanicalIndustrial and Aerospace EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontrealQC H3G1M8Canada

Microphotosynthetic power cells(μPSCs)generate power through the exploitation of living photosynthetic’microorganisms by harvesting *** thermodynamic limitations of this process restrict the power output of a single ***,we demonstrateμPSCs in four different array configurations to enhance power output from these power *** this effect,sixμPSCs were arrayed in series,parallel,and combinations of series and parallel *** pPSC was injected with a 2 mL liquid culture of photosynthetic microorganisms(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)in the anode and 2 mL of 25%(w/v)electron acceptor potassium ferricyanide(K_(3)Fe(CN)_(6))in the *** combinations ofμPSCs connected in series and parallel'generated higher power than the individual series and parallel *** combinations of sixμPSCs connected in series and in parallel produced a high power density of 1914 mWm^(-2)in the presence of white fluorescent light illumination at 20μEm^(-2)s^(-1).Furthermore,to realize the array strategy for real-time applications,a 1.7V/2mA rating light-emitting diode(LED)was powered by combinations of series and parallel array *** results indicate the reliability ofμPSCs to produce electricity from photosynthetic microorganisms for low-power *** addition,the results suggest that a combination of microlevel photosynthetic cells in array format represents a powerful optimal design strategy to enhance the power output fromμPSCs.

关键词： power illumination harvesting

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.r.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.r.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by robertson and río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus rNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Spastin and alsin protein interactome analyses begin to reveal key canonical pathways and suggest novel druggable targets

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 725-739页

作者： Benjamin r.Helmold Angela Ahrens Zachary Fitzgerald P.Hande Ozdinler Department of Neurology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Center for Developmental TherapeuticsChemistry of Life Processes InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Feinberg School of Medicine Les Turner ALS Center at Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA

Developing effective and long-term treatment strategies for rare and complex neurodegenerative diseases is challenging. One of the major roadblocks is the extensive heterogeneity among patients. This hinders understanding the underlying disease-causing mechanisms and building solutions that have implications for a broad spectrum of patients. One potential solution is to develop personalized medicine approaches based on strategies that target the most prevalent cellular events that are perturbed in patients. Especially in patients with a known genetic mutation, it may be possible to understand how these mutations contribute to problems that lead to neurodegeneration. Protein–protein interaction analyses offer great advantages for revealing how proteins interact, which cellular events are primarily involved in these interactions, and how they become affected when key genes are mutated in patients. This line of investigation also suggests novel druggable targets for patients with different mutations. Here, we focus on alsin and spastin, two proteins that are identified as “causative” for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia, respectively, when mutated. Our review analyzes the protein interactome for alsin and spastin, the canonical pathways that are primarily important for each protein domain, as well as compounds that are either Food and Drug Administration–approved or are in active clinical trials concerning the affected cellular pathways. This line of research begins to pave the way for personalized medicine approaches that are desperately needed for rare neurodegenerative diseases that are complex and heterogeneous.

关键词： ALS2 alsin amyotrophic lateral sclerosis hereditary spastic paraplegia neurodegenerative diseases personalized medicine precision medicine protein interactome protein-protein interactions SPAST spastin

Drained rock volume around hydraulic fractures in porous media:planar fractures versus fractal networks

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Petroleum Science 2019年第5期16卷 1064-1085页

作者： kiran Nandlal ruud Weijermars Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering Texas A&M University3116 TAMUCollege StationTX 77843-3116USA

This study applies the Lindenmayer system based on fractal theory to generate synthetic fracture networks in hydraulically fractured *** applied flow model is based on complex analysis methods,which can quantify the flow near the fractures,and being gridless,is computationally faster than traditional discrete volume *** representation of hydraulic fractures as fractals is a more realistic representation than planar bi-wing fractures used in most reservoir *** withdrawal from the reservoir with evenly spaced hydraulic fractures may leave dead zones between planar *** fractal networks will drain the reservoir matrix more effectively,due to the mitigation of stagnation flow *** flow velocities,pressure response,and drained rock volume(DrV)are visualized for a variety of fractal fracture networks in a single-fracture treatment *** major advancement of this study is the improved representation of hydraulic fractures as complex fractals rather than restricting to planar fracture *** models indicate that when the complexity of hydraulic fracture networks increases,this will suppress the occurrence of dead flow *** order to increase the DrV and improve ultimate recovery,our flow models suggest that fracture treatment programs must find ways to create more complex fracture networks.

关键词： Hydraulic fractures Drained rock volume Dead zones Fractals Branched fractures

Scalable Ir‑Doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)/TiO_(2)Heterojunction Anode for Decentralized Saline Wastewater Treatment and H_(2)Production

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 1-18页

作者： Sukhwa Hong Jiseon Kim Jaebeom Park Sunmi Im Michael r.Hoffmann Kangwoo Cho Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 790−784Korea Linde Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA Institute for Convergence research and Education in Advanced Technology(I‑CrEATE) Yonsei University International CampusIncheon 21983Republic of Korea

Wastewater electrolysis cells(WECs)for decentralized wastewater treatment/reuse coupled with H_(2)production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water,waste,and energy *** study reports Ir-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)(NFI,~5 at%Ir)spinel layer with TiO_(2)overlayer(NFI/TiO_(2)),as a scalable heterojunction anode for direct electrolysis of wastewater with circumneutral pH in a single-compartment *** dilute(0.1 M)NaCl solutions,the NFI/TiO_(2)marks superior activity and selectivity for chlorine evolution reaction,outperforming the benchmark IrO_(2).robust operation in near-neutral pH was *** including operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveiled crucial roles of TiO_(2) which serves both as the primary site for Cl−chemisorption and a protective layer for NFI as an ohmic *** electrolysis of NH4+-laden synthetic wastewater demonstrated that NFI/TiO_(2)not only achieves quasi-stoichiometric NH_(4)^(+)-to-N_(2)conversion,but also enhances H_(2)generation efficiency with minimal competing reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen and reactive *** scaled-up WEC with NFI/TiO_(2)was demonstrated for electrolysis of toilet wastewater.

关键词： Wastewater electrolysis cell Ir-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4) reactive chlorine species Decentralized H_(2)production On-site wastewater treatment

CompactChain:an efficient stateless chain for UTXO-model blockchain

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第2期18卷 167-179页

作者： B Swaroopa rEDDY T Uday kiran rEDDY Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology HyderabadHyderabadTelangana 502285India

In this work,we propose a stateless blockchain called CompactChain,which compacts the entire state of the UTXO(Unspent Transaction Output)based blockchain systems into two rSA *** first accumulator is called Transaction Output(TXO)commitment which represents the TXO *** second one is called Spent Transaction Output(STXO)commitment which represents the STXO *** this work,we discuss three algorithms:(i)To update the TXO and STXO commitments by the *** miner also provides the proofs for the correctness of the updated commitments;(ii)To prove the transaction’s validity by providing a membership witness in TXO commitment and non-membership witness against STXO commitment for a coin being spent by a user;(iii)To update the witness for the coin that is not yet spent;The experimental results evaluate the performance of the CompactChain in terms of time taken by a miner to update the commitments and time taken by a validator to verify the commitments and validate the *** compare the performance of CompactChain with the existing state-of-the-art works on stateless *** shows a reduction in commitments update complexity and transaction witness size which inturn reduces the mempool size and propagation latency without compromising the system throughput(Transactions per second(TPS)).

关键词： stateless blockchain rSA Accumulator STXO commitment TXO commitment UTXO Non-interactive Proof of Exponentiation(NI-PoE) Transactions per second(TPS)

Effect of Tributyltin on Escherichia coli:role of Modifying Factors

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1989年第4期2卷 366-375页

作者： kiran SINGH Department of Microbiology Bhopal UniversityBhopal.462026M.P.India

The effects of inorganic and organic tin compounds and various factors affecting the toxicity of the latter to Escherichia coli were *** comparison to stannous chloride,tributyltin chloride(TBTC)was more inhibitory to the growth of the test organism;this may be due to its greater liposolubility and ready absorption through the bacterial *** toxicity of TBTC to *** was modulated by various factors,such as pH,sulfate and chloride ions,and the presence of glucose,succinate,and reducing agents like cysteine and dithiothreitol(DTT). TBTC was more toxic to cells in minimal than in complex ***,this compound was more inhibitory to the growth of *** at acid pH than at basic *** in contrast to glucose,when used as a carbon source,made the bacterium more sensitive to *** and DTT(both at a final concentration of 0.5 mM)partially protected the cells against the inhibitory effect of this agent.1989 Academic Press,Inc.

关键词： TBTC Effect of Tributyltin on Escherichia coli coli

Enteric glia mediate neuronal outgrowth through release of neurotrophic factors

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Neural regeneration research 2012年第28期7卷 2165-2175页

作者： Christopher r. Hansebout kiran reddy Donald Zhang Michel P. rathbone Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery Neuroscience and Neurobiology) McMaster University Health Sciences Centre HamiltonON L8S 4K1 Canada Hamilton Neurorestorative Group (NrG) McMaster University Health Sciences Centre Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada Cleveland Clinic Spine Institute Cleveland OH 44195 USA Department of Medicine (Neurology Neurobiochemistry) McMaster University Health Sciences Centre Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada

Previous studies have shown that transplanted enteric glia enhance axonal regeneration, reduce tissue damage, and promote functional recovery following spinal cord injury. However, the mechanisms by which enteric glia mediate these beneficial effects are unknown. Neurotrophic factors can promote neuronal differentiation, survival and neurite extension. We hypothesized that enteric glia may exert their protective effects against spinal cord injury partially through the secretion of neurotrophic factors. In the present study, we demonstrated that primary enteric glia cells release nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor over time with their concentrations reaching approximately 250, 100 and 50 pg/mL of culture medium respectively after 48 hours. The biological relevance of this secretion was assessed by incubating dissociated dorsal root ganglion neuronal cultures in enteric glia-conditioned medium with and/or without neutralizing antibodies to each of these proteins and evaluating the differences in neurite growth. We discovered that conditioned medium enhances neurite outgrowth in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Even though there was no detectable amount of neurotrophin-3 secretion using ELISA analysis, the neurite outgrowth effect can be attenuated by the antibody-mediated neutralization of each of the aforementioned neurotrophic factors. Therefore, enteric glia secrete nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 into their surrounding environment in concentrations that can cause a biological effect.

关键词： spinal cord injury dorsal root ganglia enteric glia neurotrophic factor neurite outgrowth regeneration cell culture immunohistochemistry central nervous system neuroregeneration

Intrusion Detection Model Using Chaotic MAP for Network Coding Enabled Mobile Small Cells

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3151-3176页

作者： Chanumolu kiran Kumar Nandhakumar ramachandran School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT-AP UniversityAmaravatiAndhra Pradesh522241India

Wireless Network security management is difficult because of the ever-increasing number of wireless network malfunctions,vulnerabilities,and *** security systems,such as Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS),are essential due to the limitations of simpler security measures,such as cryptography and *** to their compact nature and low energy reserves,wireless networks present a significant challenge for security *** features of small cells can cause threats to the *** Coding(NC)enabled small cells are vulnerable to various types of *** attacks and performing secure“peer”to“peer”data transmission is a challenging task in small *** to the low power and memory requirements of the proposed model,it is well suited to use with constrained small *** attacker cannot change the contents of data and generate a new Hashed Homomorphic Message Authentication Code(HHMAC)hash between transmissions since the HMAC function is generated using the shared *** this research,a chaotic sequence mapping based low overhead 1D Improved Logistic Map is used to secure“peer”to“peer”data transmission model using lightweight H-MAC(1D-LM-P2P-LHHMAC)is proposed with accurate intrusion *** proposed model is evaluated with the traditional models by considering various evaluation metrics like Vector Set Generation Accuracy Levels,Key Pair Generation Time Levels,Chaotic Map Accuracy Levels,Intrusion Detection Accuracy Levels,and the results represent that the proposed model performance in chaotic map accuracy level is 98%and intrusion detection is 98.2%.The proposed model is compared with the traditional models and the results represent that the proposed model secure data transmission levels are high.

关键词： Network coding small cells data transmission intrusion detection model hashed message authentication code chaotic sequence mapping secure transmission