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Dietary xylo‑oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans improved growth efficiency by reducing gut epithelial cell turnover in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1325-1335页

作者： Carla Castro Shahram Niknafs Gemma Gonzalez‑Ortiz Xinle Tan Michael r.Bedford Eugeni roura Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUK

Background One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental ***-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in *** may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier *** aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an arabinoxylan-rich fraction(AXrF)supplementation on gut func-tion and epithelial integrity in broiler *** A total of 128 broiler chickens(ross 308)were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d:1)control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet;or 2)a control diet supplemented with 0.5%XOS and 1%*** treatment was randomly distributed across 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens *** intake and body weight were recorded *** d 42,one male chicken per pen was selected based on aver-age weight and euthanized,jejunum samples were collected for proteomics *** Dietary XOS/AXrF supplementation improved feed efficiency(Prom d 1 to 42 compared to the con-trol *** analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 dif-ferentially abundant proteins(DAP)(Padjred to the non-supplemented *** the jejunum,the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways).In addition,DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation,and migration by reducing the actin polymerization ***-ting the two main pathways together,XOS/AXrF supplementation may decrease around 19%the energy required for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal *** Dietary XOS/AXrF supplementation improved gr

关键词： Actin Arabinoxylans Broiler Cell turnover Energy metabolism Jejunum Xylo-oligosaccharides

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Uncovering Microstructure-Property relationship in Ni-Alloyed Fe-Mn-Al-C Low-Density Steel Treated by Hot-rolling and Air-Cooling Process

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第4期37卷 713-725页

作者： Xiaoliang Jia Guhui Gao Xiaolu Gui Chun Feng r.D.K.Misra Bingzhe Bai School of Mechanical Electronicand Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China CNPC Tubular Goods research Institute Xi’an710077China Laboratory for Excellence in Advanced Steel research University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX79968-0521USA School of Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

This paper focuses on the relationship between the microstructure and tensile properties of Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density high-strength steel processes by hot-rolling and air-cooling process. The microstructure analysis reveals that the combination of hot-rolling and air-cooling results in the formation of heterogeneous structures comprising different-sized γ and B_(2) phases in the low-density steel with the addition of nickel (Ni). The addition of Ni promotes the formation of the B_(2) phase and induces the pinning of B_(2) phase particles at the γ grain boundaries. This pinning effect effectively hinders the growth of the γ grains, leading to grain refinement. The tensile test results demonstrate that LDS-5Ni (low-density steel, LDS) exhibits excellent high strength and ductility combination, e.g., a tensile strength of 1535 MPa, yield strength of 1482 MPa, and elongation of 23.3%. These remarkable mechanical properties are primarily attributed to the combined strengthening contributions of grain refinement and duplex nano-sized second-phase precipitation hardening.

关键词： Low-density steel Microstructure B_(2)phase κ-Carbide Tensile properties

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Malargüe Site remediation: A Successful Solution for Uranium Mill Tailings

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原子能科学技术 2024年

作者： BArArI E DíAZ J G GIOMIA KEMPF r A National Atomic Energy Commission Av.Del Libertador 8250 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1429BNP Argentina

Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica(CNEA) has the responsibility for restoring uranium mining facilities once the operations have finished. CNEA, within its Environmental Program and in compliance with its legal responsibilities, decides to implement a restoration project for all sites related to the mining and processing of uranium ores. The Malargüe Site is located within the Province of Mendoza in the city of Malargüe. It is the first site to successfully complete its remediation. The activities consist of relocation of tailings to an engineering repository. The tailings management(encapsulation) and rehabilitation of the area was finished in June 2017. The remediation alternative for the ore tailings was selected after conducting comparative studies and submitted the project to the society for consideration. The objective of the encapsulation of the mineral tails is to isolate them from the environment, also proceeding with the decontamination and rehabilitation of the area(landscaping,post-closure monitoring and 20 years monitoring period). Encapsulation consisted of the construction of a containment cell for the mine tailings, to isolate them and prevent pollutants from entering the environment through the transfer routes. To clean the impacted areas, the soil was removed, it was incorporated into the encapsulation, and the filling was carried out with natural soils from the *** prevents radon transfer to the environment, as 222ra is an alpha emitter with a half-life of four days, which produces its own radioactive progeny. radon progeny are solids, and when a 222ra nucleus emits an alpha particle into the air, the resulting 218Po nucleus, momentarily electrically charged, adheres to any dust particle. remediation prevents the discharge into the air containing radon and also containing dust particles charged with intensely radioactive radon progeny. The tasks mentioned make it possible to decrease radon emanation, reduce radiological risks to the

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Summarizing the evidence for robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction: Systematic review of patency and incontinence outcomes

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 341-347页

作者： Tenny r.Zhang Ashley Alford Lee C.Zhao Department of Urology NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Department of Urology NYU Langone Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA

Objective:Bladder neck contracture and vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis are difficult to manage endoscopically,and open repair is associated with high rates of *** recent years,there have been increasing reports of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction in the ***,existing studies are small,heterogeneous case *** objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction to better evaluate patency and incontinence ***:We performed a systematic review of PubMed from first available date to May 2023 for all studies evaluating robotic-assisted reconstructive surgery of the bladder neck in adult *** in non-English,author replies,editorials,pediatric-based studies,and reviews were *** of interest were patency and incontinence rates,which were pooled when ***:After identifying 158 articles on initial search,we included only ten studies that fit all aforementioned criteria for robotic-assisted bladder neck *** were case series published from March 2018 to March 2022 ranging from six to 32 men,with the median follow-up of 5e23 months.A total of 119 patients were included in our analysis.A variety of etiologies and surgical techniques were *** rates ranged from 50%to 100%,and pooled patency was 80%(95/119).De novo incontinence rates ranged from 0%to 33%,and pooled incontinence was 17%(8/47).Our findings were limited by small sample sizes,relatively short follow-ups,and heterogeneity between studies.

关键词： Bladder neck Continence Incontinence Patency Posterior urethra reconstructive surgery robotic surgery Stenosis Stricture Surgical outcome

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Management of monogenic diabetes in pregnancy:A narrative review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第1期15卷 15-23页

作者： Mohammad Sadiq Jeeyavudeen Sarah r Murray Mark W J Strachan Metabolic Unit Western General HospitalEdinburgh EH42XUUnited Kingdom MrC Centre for reproductive Health University of Edinburgh Queen’s Medical Research InstituteEdinburgh EH164TJUnited Kingdom

Pregnancy in women with monogenic diabetes is potentially complex,with significant implications for both maternal and fetal *** these,maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)stands out as a prevalent monogenic diabetes subtype frequently encountered in clinical *** subtype of MODY requires a distinct approach tailored to the pregnancy,diverging from management strategies in non-pregnant *** MODY(GCK-MODY)typically does not require treatment outside of pregnancy,but special considerations arise when a woman with GCK-MODY becomes *** glycemic targets in GCK-MODY pregnancies are not exclusively dictated by the maternal/paternal MODY genotype but are also influenced by the genotype of the developing *** pregnancy,the choice between sulfonylurea or insulin for treating hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha(HNF1A)-MODY and HNF4A-MODY depends on the mother’s specific circumstances and the available *** of other rarer MODY subtypes is individu-alized,with decisions made on a case-by-case ***,a collaborative approach involving expert diabetes and obstetric teams is crucial for the compre-hensive management of MODY pregnancies.

关键词： Diabetes Pregnancy Maturity-onset diabetes of the young Insulin Sulphonylurea Glucokinase Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha,hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta,and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha

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ranking environmental and edaphic attributes driving soil microbial community structure and activity with special attention to spatial and temporal scales

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： Vadakattu V.S.r.Gupta James M.Tiedje CSIrO Agriculture&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia Centre for Microbial Ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

The incredibly complex soil microbial communities at small scales make their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures *** community structure is mainly a result of the inoculum(dispersal),the selective advantages of those organisms under the habitat-based environmental attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain themselves over *** soil is protective,and its microbial inhabitants have long adapted to varied soil conditions,significant portions of the soil microbial community structure are likely ***,a substantial portion of the community will not correlate to often measured soil *** suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their importance to the fundamental needs of the microbes:(i)those that supply energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron acceptors;(i)environmental effectors or stressors,i.e.,pH,salt,drought,and toxic chemicals;(ii)macro-organism associations,i.e.,plants and their seasonality,animals and their fecal matter,and soil fauna;and(iv)nutrients,in order,N,P,and probably of lesser importance,other micronutrients,and *** relevance of drivers also varies with spatial and time scales,for example,aggregate to field to regional,and persistent to dynamic populations to transcripts,and with the extent of phylogenetic difference,hence phenotypic differences in organismal *** present a summary matrix to provide guidance on which drivers are important for particular studies,with special emphasis on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales,and illustrate this with genomic and population(rrNA gene)data from selected studies.

关键词： abundance community structure diversity functional microbiome microorganisms

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Design of a Multi-Stage Ensemble Model for Thyroid Prediction Using Learning Approaches

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第1期39卷 1-13页

作者： M.L.Maruthi Prasad r.Santhosh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKarpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatoreTamil NaduIndia

This research concentrates to model an efficient thyroid prediction approach,which is considered a baseline for significant problems faced by the women *** major research problem is the lack of automated model to attain earlier *** existing model fails to give better prediction ***,a novel clinical decision support system is framed to make the proper decision during a time of *** stages are followed in the proposed framework,which plays a substantial role in thyroid *** steps include i)data acquisition,ii)outlier prediction,and iii)multi-stage weight-based ensemble learning process(MS-WEL).The weighted analysis of the base classifier and other classifier models helps bridge the gap encountered in one single classifier *** classifiers aremerged to handle the issues identified in others and intend to enhance the prediction *** proposed model provides superior outcomes and gives good quality prediction *** simulation is done in the MATLAB 2020a environment and establishes a better trade-off than various existing *** model gives a prediction accuracy of 97.28%accuracy compared to other models and shows a better trade than others.

关键词： Thyroid machine learning pre-processing classification prediction rate

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Clinical competency:perceptions of nursing interns and clinical mentors

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Frontiers of Nursing 2024年第1期11卷 105-110页

作者： Jackline Prathibha radhika r.Pai Linu Sara George Fundamentals of Nursing Manipal College of NursingManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India

Objective:To assess the clinical competency of nursing interns and the perception of clinical nurse mentors toward student nurses'clinical ***:A study was carried out among 104 nursing interns and 26 clinical nurse mentors using the purposive sampling technique.A self-repor ted perception scale was used to collect the ***:In general,most nursing interns perceived themselves as clinically competent during the *** clinical nurse mentors too repor ted that the current internship is helping the nursing interns in becoming ***:Frequent clinical evaluation,buddy system,provision of stipends,good leadership,and coordination between the academic institute and hospital are repor ted as the critical motivating factors for improving the clinical competency of student interns.

关键词： clinical competency clinical nurse mentors competence internship nursing interns perception

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Three cases of uncommon medication-associated osteonecrosis of temporal bone

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世界耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志英文版 2024年第03期10卷 237-240页

作者： VanDolah Hunter Crossley Jason r. Jeffrey Kim H. Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington DC USA Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington DC USA

Introduction: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the temporal bone is rare and has been reported to be associated with the use of anti-resorptive and biologic agents. Here, we present the first case of tyrosine-kinase inhibitor-related external auditory canal (EAC) osteonecrosis as well as two cases related to anti-resorptive ***: A retrospective case ***: Case one: an 84-year-old female presented with chronic otitis externa and osteonecrosis of EACs bilaterally. She had a history of osteoporosis treated with denosumab and risedronic acid. She successfully underwent left EAC reconstruction using an inferiorly-based pedicle periosteal flap while the right ear canal was managed conservatively. Case two: a 69-year-old male presented with osteonecrosis of the right EAC. He had a history of osteoporosis treated with alendronic acid and zoledronic acid. His osteonecrosis is conservatively managed with local debridement and antibiotic application. Case three: a 60-year-old male presented with osteonecrosis of the right inferior EAC. He had a history of chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, imatinib. After failing conservative therapy, he underwent right ear canal reconstruction using a periosteal vascular pedicle flap without complication and experienced complete resolution to his ***: Anti-resorptive agents and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors may lead to dysregulation of bone remodeling and result in rare cases of temporal bone osteonecrosis. When a local debridement and antibiotic therapy fail, definitive surgical excision of necrotic bone with subsequent reconstruction of the EAC may offer patients a possible resolution in symptoms.

关键词： bisphosphonates denosumab external auditory canal imatinib medication-related osteonecrosis osteonecrosis temporal bone tyrosine-kinase Inhibitors

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Attitude and willingness on gamete donation among medical students:An experience from a state university in Sri Lanka

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Asian pacific Journal of reproduction 2024年第3期13卷 120-125页

作者： S.raguraman K.Muhunthan r.Niroje Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of JaffnaJaffnaSri Lanka Teaching Hospital Jaffna JaffnaSri Lanka

Objective:To assess the attitude and willingness of medical students of the Faculty of Medicine,University of Jaffna,regarding gamete ***:An institutional-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine,University of Jaffna,from September 2022 to May 2023 among undergraduate medical students who gave their voluntary participation.A self-administered questionnaire was used as a study instrument to collect data regarding their attitude and willingness toward gamete ***:A total of 345 participants were recruited and their sociodemographic data revealed that 56.8%of the participants were female,62.3%aged between 26 and 30 years,and 92.2%were *** of them received information regarding gamete donations during their clinical *** half(67.8%)of them showed a negative attitude towards gamete *** willingness,only 39.7%of participants had a positive approach for being a gamete donor;among them,84.7%preferred anonymous *** and ethnicity had a significant influence on their attitudes and *** addition,male was also found to be more willing to donate ***:Most medical students have negative views about gamete *** awareness and knowledge of assisted reproductive technology and gamete donation within medical students'sociocultural and ethical backgrounds might facilitate a change in attitude towards gamete donation amongst future medical practitioners.

关键词： Medical students Gamete donation Assisted reproductive technology Attitude Viewpoint

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