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Characterization of fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Arkansas and Missouri

Fungal Diversity 2012年第1期52卷 169-189页

作者： Jose ramon Urbez-Torres Francesca Peduto r.k.striegler k.E.Urrea-romero J.C.rupe r.D.Cartwright W.D.Gubler Pacific Agri-Food research Centre 4200 Highway 97Box 5000SummerlandBC V0H1Z0Canada Department of Plant Pathology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Institute for Continental Climate Viticulture&Enology University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

Grapevine trunk diseases are a major concern to the wine-and table-grape industries worldwide,limiting both vineyard longevity and productivity.Field surveys conducted throughout the grape-growing regions of Arkansas and Missouri revealed the presence of three economically important grapevine trunk diseases including,Botryosphaeria canker,Eutypa dieback and esca.Morphological studies along with multi-gene phylogenetical analyses confirmed the identification of 15 different fungal taxa associated with different vascular symptoms.These include Botryosphaeria dothidea,Diatrypella sp.,Diplodia seriata,Dothiorella americana,Eutypa lata,Eutypella vitis,Lasiodiplodia missouriana,Lasiodiplodia viticola,Neofusicoccum ribis,Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme,Pestalotiopsis sp.,Pestalotiopsis uvicola,Phaeomoniella chlamydospora,Phomopsis viticola,Schyzophyllum commune,and Togninia minima.All of these represent new records on grapevines in Arkansas and Missouri.Dothiorella americana,L.missouriana and L.viticola are described as new species,and both N.ribis and N.vitifusiforme are first reported as grapevine pathogens in North America.koch’s postulates confirmed the pathogenicity of all fungal species except S.commune in the interspecific hybrids Vignoles,Chambourcin,Norton,and Traminette.Lasiodiplodia spp.,N.ribis,and P.viticola were the most virulent fungi,while D.americana,E.vitis and N.vitifusiforme were considered to be weak pathogens.This research highlights the importance that grapevine trunk diseases have on grapevine health in growing regions where,due to different climatological conditions,interspecific hybrid cultivars are predominantly grown.

关键词： Botryosphaeriaceae Canker Diatrypaceae Eutypa dieback Esca Grape hybrid Multi-gene phylogeny Phomopsis viticola Vitis vinifera

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X-ray imaging of 30 year old wine grape wood reveals cumulative impacts of rootstocks on scion secondary growth and ravaz index

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Horticulture research 2023年第1期10卷 31-44页

作者： ZoëMigicovsky Michelle Y.Quigley Joey Mullins Tahira Ali Joel F.Swift Anita rose Agasaveeran Joseph D.Dougherty Brendan Michael Grant Ilayda korkmaz Maneesh reddy Malpeddi Emily L.McNichol Andrew W.Sharp Jackie L.Harris Danielle r.Hopkins Lindsay M.Jordan Misha T.kwasniewski r.keith striegler Asia L.Dowtin Stephanie Stotts Peter Cousins Daniel H.Chitwood Plant Foodand Environmental SciencesFaculty of AgricultureDalhousie UniversityTruroNova ScotiaB2N 5E3Canada Department of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA College of Natural Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA Department of Neuroscience Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA Department of Biology Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMO63103USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA Department of Computational Mathematics Science&EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA College of Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA College of Social Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA Department of Economics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA College of Arts and Letters Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA E.&J.Gallo Winery AcampoCA95220USA Current affiliation:Constellation Brands SoledadCA93960USA Department of Food Science The Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePA16803USA Department of Forestry Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA Department of Agriculture Foodand Resource SciencesUniversity of Maryland Eastern ShorePrincess AnneMD21853USA Department of Natural Sciences University of Maryland Eastern ShorePrincess AnneMD21853USA E.&J.Gallo Winery ModestoCA95354USA Department of Biology Acadia UniversityWolfvilleNova ScotiaB4P 2R6Canada

Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon scions.Viticultural traits measuring vegetative growth,yield,berry quality,and nutrient uptake were collected at the beginning(1995 to 1999)and end(2017 to 2020)of the lifetime of a vineyard initially planted in 1991 and removed in 2021.X-ray Computed Tomography(CT)was used to measure ring widths in 103 vines.ring width was modeled as a function of ring number using a negative exponential model.Early and late wood ring widths,cambium width,and scion trunk radius were correlated with 27 traits.Modeling of annual ring width shows that scions alter the width of the first rings but that rootstocks alter the decay of later rings,consistently shortening ring width throughout the lifetime of the vine.ravaz index,juice pH,photosynthetic assimilation and transpiration rates,and instantaneous water use efficiency are correlated with scion trunk radius.Ultimately,our research indicates that rootstocks modulate secondary growth over years,altering physiology and agronomic traits.rootstocks act in similar but distinct ways from climate to modulate ring width,which borrowing techniques from dendrochronology,can be used to monitor both genetic and environmental effects in woody perennial crop species.

关键词： rings lifetime removed

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广泛使用金刚石钻头时的钻进成本

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石油矿场机械 1980年第3期 51-57页

作者： John H.striegler 孙毓渑

通常,只有在使用高速井底马达、钻比正常井眼尺寸小的井眼及牙轮钻头钻速极低时,才采用金刚石钻头。显然,金刚石钻头的这些特殊用途将继续保存下去。但是,最近的使用表明,当牙轮钻头的钻速不超过10～12英尺/小时时,可以将金刚石钻头考... 详细信息

通常,只有在使用高速井底马达、钻比正常井眼尺寸小的井眼及牙轮钻头钻速极低时,才采用金刚石钻头。显然,金刚石钻头的这些特殊用途将继续保存下去。但是,最近的使用表明,当牙轮钻头的钻速不超过10～12英尺/小时时,可以将金刚石钻头考虑为常规的钻进工具。

关键词：金刚石钻头钻进成本钻速

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