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Comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： Melissa A.Stephen Chris r.Burke Jennie E.Pryce Nicole M.Steele Peter r.Amer Susanne Meier Claire V.C.Phyn Dorian J.Garrick DairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agriculture Victoria research AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia AbacusBio DunedinNew Zealand

Background Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures,especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure *** include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status,or *** measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subject to left-,interval-and rightcensoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound *** we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/mL)in blood plasma progesterone(AGEP4),which generally coincides with onset of puberty,as an example *** We produced AGEP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×Jersey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving,pasture-based herds in New *** used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios,increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three *** methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored:1)ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis;2)continuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes;and 3)continuous variables,sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation *** Credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios,but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was *** sires with at least 5 daughters,the correlations between estimated breeding values(EBVs)from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method,ranging from 0.65 to *** estimated breed effects also varied by method,but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring *** Our results indicate that using

关键词： Cattle Gibbs sampler Markov-chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) Puberty

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Quantum state tomography from observable time traces in closed quantum systems

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 222-234页

作者： Shuixin Xiao Yuanlong Wang Qi Yu Jun Zhang Daoyi Dong Ian r.Petersen University of Michigan–Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China School of Engineering The Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology(Australian research Council) Centre for Quantum DynamicsGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD4111Australia School of Engineering and Technology University of New South WalesCanberraACT2600Australia

The task to estimate all the parameters of an unknown quantum state, also called quantum state tomography, is essential for characterizing and controlling quantum systems. In this paper, we utilize observable time traces to identify the initial quantum state of a closed quantum system, based on the state space approach in the control theory. In the informationally complete scenario, we show that with a linear regression estimation (LrE), the mean squared error (MSE) scales as , where N is the resource number. In the informationally incomplete scenario, we introduce regularization LrE to perform the state tomography task. We employ PBH test to demonstrate that closed quantum systems with only one observable are informationally incomplete and propose using observables, where d is the dimension of the quantum state, for informational completeness. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

关键词： Quantum state tomography Time trace Quantum system identification

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Aboveground carbon sequestration of Cunninghamia lanceolata forests:Magnitude and drivers

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 32-41页

作者： Chen Wang Shuguang Liu Yu Zhu Andrew r.Smith Ying Ning Deming Deng National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry&Ecology in South China Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Conservation and restoration in Dongting Lake Basin Ministry of Natural ResourcesChangsha 410007China College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China School of Ecology and Environment Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK College of Forestry Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Hunan Prospecting Designing&research General Institute for Agriculture Forestry&IndustryChangsha 410007China

Understanding the spatial variation,temporal changes,and their underlying driving forces of carbon sequestration in various forests is of great importance for understanding the carbon cycle and carbon management *** carbon density and sequestration in various Cunninghamia lanceolata forests,extensively cultivated for timber production in subtropical China,vary with biodiversity,forest structure,environment,and cultural factors remain poorly explored,presenting a critical knowledge gap for realizing carbon sequestration supply potential through *** on a large-scale database of 449 permanent forest inventory plots,we quantified the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of aboveground carbon densities and carbon accumulation rates in Cunninghamia lanceolate forests in Hunan Province,China,and attributed the contributions of stand structure,environmental,and management factors to the heterogeneity using quantile age-sequence analysis,partial least squares path modeling(PLS-PM),and hot-spot *** results showed lower values of carbon density and sequestration on average,in comparison with other forests in the same climate zone(i.e.,subtropics),with pronounced spatial and temporal ***,quantile regression analysis using carbon accumulation rates along an age sequence showed large differences in carbon sequestration rates among underperformed and outperformed forests(0.50 and 1.80 Mg·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1)).PLS-PM demonstrated that maximum DBH and stand density were the main crucial drivers of aboveground carbon density from young to mature ***,species diversity and geotopographic factors were the significant factors causing the large discrepancy in aboveground carbon density change between low-and high-carbon-bearing *** analysis revealed the importance of culture attributes in shaping the geospatial patterns of carbon *** work highlighted that retaining largesized DBH trees and increasing shade-t

关键词： Carbon density Carbon accumulation rate Forest age Spatial variation Cultural influence

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Freeze-thaw cycles and associated geomorphology in a post-glacial environment:current glacial,paraglacial,periglacial and proglacial scenarios at Pico de Orizaba volcano,Mexico

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1954-1977页

作者： Víctor SOTO Carlos M.WELSH r. Kenji YOSHIKAWA Hugo DELGADO GrANADOS Centro de Ciencias de la Tierra Universidad VeracruzanaCircuito Gonzalo Aguirre BeltránS/NZona Universitaria91090XalapaMéxico Water and Environmental research Center University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04150México Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Ludwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 80333Germany

The glacial history of Pico de Orizaba indicates that during the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap covered up to~3000 m asl;due to the air temperature increasing,its main glacier has retreated to 5050 m *** retraction of the glacier has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a high frequency of freeze-thaw cycles of great intensity;the resulting geomorphological processes are represented by the fragmentation of the bedrock that occupies the upper parts of the *** is a notable lack of studies regarding the fragmentation and erosion occurring in tropical high mountains,and the associated geomorphological risks;for this reason,as a first stage of future continuous research,this study analyzes the freezing and thawing cycles that occur above 4000 m asl,through continuous monitoring of surface ground *** results allow us to identify and characterize four zones:glacial,paraglacial,periglacial and *** was found that the paraglacial zone presents an intense drop of temperature,of up to~9℃ in only sixty *** rock fatigue and intense freeze-thaw cycles that occur in this area are responsible for the high rate of rock disintegration and represent the main factor of the constant slope dynamics that occur at the *** activity decreases,both in frequency and intensity,according to the distance to the glacier,which is where the temperature presents a certain degree of stability,until reaching the proglacial zone,where cycles are almost non-existent,and therefore there is no gelifraction *** geomorphological processes have resulted in significant alterations to the mountain slopes,which can have severe consequences in terms of risk and water.

关键词： Freeze-Thaw Gelifraction Mountain mechanical erosion Periglacial geomorphology Postglacial scenarios

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Assimilation of GOES-r Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar, EnKF, and Hybrid En3DVar for the Analysis and Short-Term Forecast of a Supercell Storm Case

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： rong KONG Ming XUE Edward r.MANSELL Chengsi LIU Alexandre O.FIErrO Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory NormanOklahoma 73072U.S A.4Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to assimilate Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite “r-series ”(GOES-r) Geostationary Lightning Mapper(GLM) flash extent density(FED) data within the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation ensemble Kalman filter(GSI-EnKF) framework were previously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities are further developed to assimilate GOES GLM FED data within the GSI ensemble-variational(EnVar) hybrid data assimilation(DA) framework. The results of assimilating the GLM FED data using 3DVar, and pure En3DVar(PEn3DVar, using 100% ensemble covariance and no static covariance) are compared with those of EnKF/DfEnKF for a supercell storm case. The focus of this study is to validate the correctness and evaluate the performance of the new implementation rather than comparing the performance of FED DA among different DA schemes. Only the results of 3DVar and pEn3DVar are examined and compared with EnKF/DfEnKF. Assimilation of a single FED observation shows that the magnitude and horizontal extent of the analysis increments from PEn3DVar are generally larger than from EnKF, which is mainly caused by using different localization strategies in EnFK/DfEnKF and PEn3DVar as well as the integration limits of the graupel mass in the observation operator. Overall, the forecast performance of PEn3DVar is comparable to EnKF/DfEnKF, suggesting correct implementation.

关键词： GOES-r lightning data assimilation EnKF EnVar

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reinforced tissue matrix to strengthen the abdominal wall following reversal of temporary ostomies or to treat incisional hernias

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 823-832页

作者： Spencer P Lake Corey r Deeken Amit K Agarwal Mechanical Engineering&Materials Science Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130United States Covalent Bio LLCSt.LouisMO 63025United States Department of Surgery McGovern Medical School at UTHealthHoustonTX 77026United States

BACKGrOUND Abdominal wall deficiencies or weakness are a common complication of tem-porary ostomies,and incisional hernias frequently develop after colostomy or ileostomy *** use of synthetic meshes to reinforce the abdominal wall has reduced hernia *** meshes have also been used to enhance healing,particularly in contaminated *** tissue matrices(r-TMs),which include a biologic scaffold of native extracellular matrix and a syn-thetic component for added strength/durability,are designed to take advantage of aspects of both synthetic and biologic *** date,rTMs have not been reported to reinforce the abdominal wall following stoma *** Twenty-eight patients were selected with a parastomal and/or incisional hernia who had received a temporary ileostomy or colostomy for fecal diversion after rectal cancer treatment or *** hernia repair and proximal stoma closure,rTM(OviTex®1S permanent or OviTex®LPr)was placed to reinforce the abdominal wall using a laparoscopic,robotic,or open surgical ***-operative follow-up was performed at 1 month and 1 *** recurrence was determined by physical examination and,when necessary,via computed tomo-graphy *** endpoints included length of hospital stay,time to return to work,and hospital *** complications of the wound/repair site included presence of surgical site infection,seroma,hematoma,wound dehiscence,or fistula *** The observational study cohort included 16 male and 12 female patients with average age of 58.5 years±16.3 years and average body mass index of 26.2 kg/m^(2)±4.1 kg/m^(2).Patients presented with a parastomal hernia(75.0%),in-cisional hernia(14.3%),or combined parastomal/incisional hernia(10.7%).Using a laparoscopic(53.6%),robotic(35.7%),or open(10.7%)technique,rTMs(OviTex®LPr:82.1%,OviTex®1S:17.9%)were placed using sublay(82.1%)or intraperitoneal onlay(IPOM;17.9%)mesh *** 1-mo

关键词： reinforced tissue matrix reinforced forestomach matrix Ileostomy Colostomy Ostomy takedown Incisional hernia Abdominal wall

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Aerodynamics of a Tandem-Bladed Axial Compressor rotor under Circumferential Distortion at Different rotational Speeds

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1340-1356页

作者： Amit KUMAr Jerry T.JOHN A.M.PrADEEP r.A.DAKKErMANS Dragan KOZULOVIC Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai400076India Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering Hamburg University of Applied Sciences20099HamburgGermany Institute of Jet Propulsion Bundeswehr University Munich85577NeubibergGermany

For most aircraft engines,inflow distortion is *** distortion is known to degrade the aerodynamic performance and stable operating limits of a *** rotor configuration is an arrangement that effectively controls the growth of the boundary layer over the suction surface of the ***,a higher total pressure rise can be achieved through this unconventional design approach involving the splitting of the blade into forward and aft *** is expected that the effect of inlet flow distortion would be more severe for a tandem-rotor design due to the greater flow turning inherent in such ***,this aspect needs to be thoroughly *** present study discusses the effect of circumferential distortion on the tandem-rotor at different rotational ***-annulus rANS simulations using ANSYS CFX are used in the present *** performance of the rotor at a particular flow coefficient and different rotational speeds is *** total pressure and efficiency are observed to drop at lower mass flow rates under the influence of circumferential *** loss region in each blade passage is mainly associated with the blade wake,tip leakage vortex,secondary flow,and boundary ***,their contribution varies from passage to passage,particularly in the distorted *** the lower span,the wake width is found to be higher than that at a higher *** to the redistribution of the mass flow,the circumferential extent reduces at a higher *** the undistorted sector,the strength of the tip leakage vortex is significantly higher at the design rotational speed than at lower *** distortion near the tip region promotes an early vortex breakdown even at the design operating *** adversely affects the total pressure,efficiency,and stall *** clean flow conditions,this phenomenon is only observed near the stall *** the design operating condition,the breakdown of the forward rotor tip l

关键词： tandem rotor circumferential distortion loss tip leakage vortex vortex breakdown diffusion factor aerodynamics of compressor blade

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review of Moirésuperconductivity and application of the roeser-Huber formula

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Superconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 9-28页

作者： Michael r.Koblischka Anjela Koblischka-Veneva Institute of Experimental Physics Saarland UniversityCampus C 6366123 SaarbrückenGermany

Moirésuperconductivity represents a new class of superconducting materials since the discovery of superconductivity in magic‐angle(1.1°)twisted bi‐layer graphene(MATBG),forming a Moirélattice with a much bigger crystal parameter as the original lattice constant of ***,experimentally changing the Moirétwist angle,0.93°≤Θ≤1.27,leads to a variation of the superconducting properties and enables a new way of engineering 2D superconducting *** of the robust superconducting state of MATBG as function of charge carrier density,temperature and applied magnetic fields are *** influence of the top/bottom hexagonal boron nitride layer thickness on the superconducting properties of MATBG was also demonstrated in the *** all fabricated MATBG devices,changing of the charge carrier density leads to the appearance of insulating,metallic and even ferromagnetic states,which separate several superconducting domes in the phase diagram(longitudinal resistance,rxx,as function of temperature T and charge carrier density,n).Further works have considered MATBG combined with WSe2‐layers,twisted bi‐layer WSe2,magic‐angle trilayer graphene(MATTG),and most recently,four‐layer(MAT4G)and five‐layer(MAT5G)*** differences between the layered,cuprate high‐Tc superconductors and the Moirésuperconductors are compiled *** collected information is then used to apply the roeser‐Huber formalism to Moiré‐type superconductivity to calculate the superconducting transition temperature,Tc,using only information of the Moirélattice and the electronic *** account for the different charge carrier densities in the experimental data sets and the low charge carrier mass demands that a new parameterηmust be introduced to the roeser‐Huber formalism to enable the description of several superconducting domes found in the phase diagram for a given Moiré*** so,the calculated data fit well to the correlation curve defined within the roeser‐Hube

关键词： MoiréSuperconductors Twisted bilayer graphene Magic angle Multilayer graphene stacks Superconducting transition temperature roeser‐Huber formalism

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Effectiveness of craniosacral therapy,Bowen therapy,static touch and standard exercise program on sleep quality in fibromyalgia syndrome:A randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期22卷 473-483页

作者： reepa Avichal Ughreja Prem Venkatesan Dharmanand Balebail Gopalakrishna Yogesh Preet Singh Vani Lakshmi r Department of Physiotherapy Manipal College of Health ProfessionsManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Department of rheumatology Manipal HospitalBengaluru 560052KarnatakaIndia Department of Clinical Immunology and rheumatology All India Institute of Medical SciencesBilaspur 174001Himachal PradeshIndia Department of Data Science Prasanna School of Public HealthManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia

Background:Sleep disturbance is commonly seen in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS);however,high quality studies involving manual therapies that target FMS-linked poor sleep quality are lacking for the Indian ***:Craniosacral therapy (CST),Bowen therapy and exercises have been found to influence the autonomic nervous system,which plays a crucial role in sleep *** the paucity of evidence concerning these effects in individuals with FMS,our study tests the effectiveness of CST,Bowen therapy and a standard exercise program against static touch (the manual placebo group) on sleep quality in ***,setting,participants and intervention:A placebo-controlled randomized trial was conducted on132 FMS participants with poor sleep at a hospital in *** participants were randomly allocated to one of the four study groups,including CST,Bowen therapy,standard exercise program,and a manual placebo control group that received static ***,Bowen therapy and static touch treatments were administered in once-weekly 45-minute sessions for 12 weeks;the standard exercise group received weekly supervised exercises for 6 weeks with home exercises until 12 *** 12 weeks,all study participants performed the standard exercises at home for another 12 *** outcome measures:Sleep quality,pressure pain threshold (PPT),quality of life and fibromyalgia impact,physical function,fatigue,pain catastrophizing,kinesiophobia,and positive–negative affect were recorded at baseline,and at weeks 12 and 24 of the ***:At the end of 12 weeks,the sleep quality improved significantly in the CST group (P=0.037) and Bowen therapy group (P=0.023),and the PPT improved significantly in the Bowen therapy group(P=0.002) and the standard exercise group (Pred to the static touch *** improvements were maintained at 24 *** between-group differences were observed for other secondary ***:CST and Bowen therapy improv

关键词： Chronic pain Complementary therapies Exercise Fibromyalgia Musculoskeletal manipulations Sleep

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Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： r.Scott Duncan Sean M.riordan Matthew C.Gernon Peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human *** have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human *** of these include central nervous system(CNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal CNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple CNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of CNS *** and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

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