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Treat to target in Crohn’s disease:A practical guide for clinicians

World journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第1期30卷 50-69页

作者： Ashish r Srinivasan Department of Gastroenterology Austin HealthVictoriaMelbourne 3083Australia Department of Gastroenterology Eastern HealthVictoriaMelbourne 3128Australia Department of Medicine University of MelbourneVictoriaMelbourne 3052Australia

A treat-to-target(T2T)approach applies the principles of early intervention and tight disease control to optimise long-term outcomes in Crohn's *** Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease(STrIDE)-II guidelines specify short,intermediate,and long-term treatment goals,documenting specific treatment targets to be achieved at each of these *** appraisal of Crohn’s disease activity against pre-defined treatment targets at these timepoints remains central to determining whether current therapy should be continued or *** treatment targets in Crohn’s disease comprise combination clinical and patient-reported outcome remission,in conjunction with biomarker normalisation and endoscopic *** the STrIDE-II guidelines endorse the pursuit of endoscopic healing,clinicians must consider that this may not always be appropriate,acceptable,or achievable in all *** underscores the need to engage patients at the outset in an effort to personalise care and individualise treatment *** use of non-invasive biomarkers such as faecal calprotectin in conjunction with cross-sectional imaging techniques,particularly intestinal ultrasound,holds great promise;as do emerging treatment targets such as transmural *** randomised clinical trials,namely,CALM and STArDUST,have evaluated the efficacy of a T2T approach in achieving endoscopic endpoints in patients with Crohn’s *** from these studies reflect that patient subgroups and Crohn’s disease characteristics likely to benefit most from a T2T approach,remain to be ***,outside of clinical trials,data pertaining to the real-world effectiveness of a T2T approach remains scare,highlighting the need for pragmatic real-world *** the obvious promise of a T2T approach,a lack of guidance to support its integration into real-world clinical practice has the potential to limit its *** highlights the need to describe st

关键词： Treat to target Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Treatment targets Endoscopic remission Transmural healing Time to response Intestinal ultrasound

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Control system design for a pressure-tube-type supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactor via a higher order sliding mode method

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 145-154页

作者： M.Hajipour G.r.Ansarifar Department of Nuclear Engineering Faculty of PhysicsUniversity of IsfahanIsfahan 81746-73441Iran

Nuclear power plants exhibit non-linear and time-variable ***,designing a control system that sets the reactor power and forces it to follow the desired load is complicated.A supercritical water reactor(SCWr)is a fourth-generation conceptual *** an SCWr,the non-linear dynamics of the reactor require a controller capable of control-ling the *** this study,a pressure-tube-type SCWr was controlled during reactor power maneuvering with a higher order sliding mode,and the reactor outgoing steam temperature and pressure were controlled *** an SCWr,the temperature,pressure,and power must be maintained at a setpoint(desired value)during power *** point kinetics equations with three groups of delayed neutrons were used in the ***-order and classic sliding mode controllers were separately manufactured to control the plant and were compared with the PI controllers speci-fied in previous *** controlled parameters were reactor power,steam temperature,and ***,for these parameters,the PI controller had certain instabilities in the presence of *** classic sliding mode controller had a higher accuracy and stability;however its main drawback was the chattering *** was highly accurate and stable and had a small computational *** reality,it followed the desired values without oscillations and chattering.

关键词： Supercritical water nuclear reactor Higher order sliding mode controller Steam temperature Steam pressure Point kinetics model

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Tuning of Optical Properties via Annealing of Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO3) Thin Films

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Open journal of Composite Materials 2024年第3期14卷 124-131页

作者： Harish Kumar Meena Khushbu Meena reena verma Karishma jain Sushil Kumar jain Kedar Babu Sharma Balram Tripathi Department of Physics S S Jain Subodh PG College Jaipur India Department of Physics University of Rajasthan Jaipur India Department of Physics School of Physical Sciences Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur India

In this study we are reporting annealing induced optical properties of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) thin films deposited on glass substrate via spin coating at 5000 rpm. The structural, optical and surface morphology of BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films have been studied via X-ray diffraction (XrD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-Ir), Optical absorption (UV-Vis) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XrD spectra confirm annealing induced phase formation of BiFeO3 possessing a rhombohedral r3c structure. The films are dense and without cracks, although the presence of porosity in BFO/glass was observed. Moreover, optical absorption spectra indicate annealing induced effect on the energy band structure in comparison to pristine BiFeO3. It is observed that annealing effect shows an intense shift in the UV-Vis spectra as diffuse absorption together with the variation in the optical band gap. The evaluated optical band gap values are approximately equal to the bulk band gap value of BiFeO3.

关键词： Optical Properties Annealing Ferroelectrics Photo Luminescence BFO Thin Films

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Obstructive sleep apnea:Overlooked comorbidity in patients with diabetes

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World journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1448-1460页

作者： Eric D Tenda joshua Henrina jin H Cha Muhammad r Triono Ersananda A Putri Dahliana j Aristy Dicky L Tahapary Division of respirology and Critical Care Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia Head of research Group Artificial Intelligence and Digital Health Indonesian Medical Education and Research InstituteFaculty of Medicine University of IndonesiaDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia

In this review article,we explore the interplay between obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),highlighting a significant yet often overlooked *** delve into the pathophysiological links between OSA and diabetes,specifically how OSA exacerbates insulin resistance and disrupts glucose *** research examines the prevalence of OSA in diabetic patients and its role in worsening diabetes-related *** the importance of comprehensive management,including weight control and positive airway pressure therapy,the study advocates integrated approaches to improve outcomes for patients with T2DM and *** review underscores the necessity of recognizing and addressing OSA in diabetes care to ensure more effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

关键词： Obstructive sleep apnea Type 2 diabetes mellitus Macrovascular Microvascular Weight loss Positive airway pressure

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Simple collective model for nuclear chiral mode

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 1-5页

作者： r.V.jolos E.A.Kolganova D.r.Khamitova joint Institute for Nuclear research 141980 DubnaMoscow regionRussia Dubna State University 141982 DubnaMoscow RegionRussia

A simple semi-analytical collective model that takes into account the limitations of the variation interval of the collective variable is suggested to describe the chiral dynamics in triaxial odd−odd nuclei with a fixed particle−hole *** collective Hamiltonian is constructed with the potential energy obtained using the postulated ansatz for the wave function symmetric with respect to chiral *** diagonalizing the collective Hamiltonian the wave functions of the lowest states are obtained and the evolution of the energy splitting of the chiral doublets in transition from chiral vibration to chiral rotation regime is demonstrated.

关键词： collective model nuclear chiral

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Graphene-calcium carbonate coating to improve the degradation resistance and mechanical integrity of a biodegradable implant

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 394-404页

作者： Lokesh Choudhary Parama Chakraborty Banerjee r.K.Singh raman Derrek E.Lobo Christopher D.Easton Mainak Majumder Frank Witte jörg F.Löffler Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia Nanoscale Science and Engineering Laboratory(NSEL) Bldg 37Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia CSIrO Materials Science and Engineering Bayview AvenueClaytonVIC 3168Australia julius Wolff Institute and Berlin Brandenburg Center for regenerative Therapies Charité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353 BerlinGermany Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology Department of MaterialsETH Zurich8093 ZurichSwitzerland

Biodegradable implants are critical for regenerative orthopaedic procedures,but they may suffer from too fast corrosion in human-body *** necessitates the synthesis of a suitable coating that may improve the corrosion resistance of these implants without compromising their mechanical *** this study,an AZ91 magnesium alloy,as a representative for a biodegradable Mg implant material,was modified with a thin reduced graphene oxide(rGO)-calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))composite *** analytical and in-vitro electrochemical characterization reveals that this coating significantly improves the corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity,and thus has the potential to greatly extend the related application field.

关键词： Graphene coating Biodegradable implant Hydroxyapatite Corrosion Magnesium alloy

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Sex-specific life-history trait expression in hybrids of a cave- and surface-dwelling fish (Poecilia mexicana, Poecilidae)

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 421-429页

作者： rüdiger riesch Luis r.Arriaga Ingo Schlupp Department of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 OEXUK CEFE CNRSUnivMontpellierEPHEIRDMontpellierFrance Department of Biology University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA

Evaluating the fitness of hybrids can provide important insights into genetic differences between species or diverging *** focused on surface-and cave-ecotypes of the widespread Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana and raised F1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses to sexual maturity in a common-garden *** were reared in a fully factorial 2 x 2 design consisting of lighting(light ***)and resource availability(high *** food).We quantified survival,ability to realize their full reproductive potential(i.e.,completed maturation for males and 3 consecutive births for females)and essential life-history *** to the performance of pure cave and surface fish from a previous experiment,F1s had the highest death rate and the lowest proportion of fish that reached their full reproductive *** also uncovered an intriguing pattern of sex-specific phenotype expression,because male hybrids expressed cave molly life histories,while female hybrids expressed surface molly life *** results provide evidence for strong selection against hybrids in the cave molly system,but also sug-gest a complex pattern of sex-specific(opposing)dominance,with certain surface molly genes being dominant in female hybrids and certain cavemollygenes beingdominant in malehybrids.

关键词： dominance life-history evolution local adaptation postzygotic isolation selection against hybrids.

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Lax-Oleinik-Type Formulas and Efficient Algorithms for Certain High-Dimensional Optimal Control Problems

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1428-1471页

作者： Paula Chen jerome Darbon Tingwei Meng Division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Mathematics UCLALos AngelesCAUSA

Two of the main challenges in optimal control are solving problems with state-dependent running costs and developing efficient numerical solvers that are computationally tractable in high *** this paper,we provide analytical solutions to certain optimal control problems whose running cost depends on the state variable and with constraints on the *** also provide Lax-Oleinik-type representation formulas for the corresponding Hamilton-jacobi partial differential equations with state-dependent ***,we present an efficient,grid-free numerical solver based on our representation formulas,which is shown to scale linearly with the state dimension,and thus,to overcome the curse of *** existing optimization methods and the min-plus technique,we extend our numerical solvers to address more general classes of convex and nonconvex initial *** demonstrate the capabilities of our numerical solvers using implementations on a central processing unit(CPU)and a field-programmable gate array(FPGA).In several cases,our FPGA implementation obtains over a 10 times speedup compared to the CPU,which demonstrates the promising performance boosts FPGAs can *** numerical results show that our solvers have the potential to serve as a building block for solving broader classes of high-dimensional optimal control problems in real-time.

关键词： Optimal control Hamilton-jacobi partial differential equations Grid-free numerical methods High dimensions Field-programmable gate arrays(FPGAs)

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Analysis of ancient mass extinction recoveries in marine environments: generating strategies for managing outcomes of the current mass extinction

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National Science review 2024年第1期11卷 8-10页

作者： David j.Bottjer Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California

The defining feature of a mass extinction and its associated recovery is the global amount of extinction that occurred[1]. However, there is finer-scale detail to the story, as seen in the ongoing modern mass extinction(the sixth mass extinction), which exhibits variable effects among marine ecosystems and environments, and hence geographic areas [1].

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Global weirding at mass extinction horizons

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National Science review 2024年第1期11卷 10-12页

作者： Gregory j.retallack Department of Earth Sciences University of Oregon

A strong motivation for studying mass extinctions is understanding how current climatic and biodiversity crises will affect creatures living on land such as ourselves. Perhaps the question is: how bad can it get? In that case, terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinctions are an irresistible worst-case scenario [1].

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