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Summary of a Life in Observational Ultraviolet/Optical Astronomy

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research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 1-43页

作者： Donald g.York Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics The University of Chicago5801 South Ellis Ave.Chicago 60637ILUSA

I reminisce on my early life in Section 1;on my education in Sections 2 and 3;on the years at Princeton as a research astronomer in Section 4;on the years on the faculty at Chicago in Section 5;on research on Diffuse Interstellar Bands(DIBs) in Section 6;on construction of the 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory(APO)in Section 7;on work on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS) in Section 8;on work in public education in Chicago in Section 9;and on my travels in Section 10. My main science research is of an observational nature,concerning galactic and intergalactic interstellar gas. highlights for me included my work on the orbiting telescope Copernicus, including the discovery of interstellar deuterium;early observations of absorption associated with fivetimes ionized oxygen;and discoveries concerning the phases of gas in the local interstellar medium, based on previously unobservable interstellar UV spectral lines. With other instruments and collaborations, I extended interstellar UV studies to the intergalactic cool gas using quasi-stellar object QSO absorption lines redshifted to the optical part of the spectrum;provided a better definition of the emission and morphological character of the source of absorption lines in QSO spectra;and pursued the identification of the unidentified DIBs. For several of these topics, extensive collaborations with many scientists were essential over many years. The conclusions developed slowly, as I moved from being a graduate student at Chicago, to a research scientist position at Princeton and then to a faculty position at Chicago. At each stage of life, I was exposed to new technologies adaptable to my science and to subsequent projects. From high school days, I encountered several management opportunities which were formative. I have been extremely fortunate both in scientific mentors I had and in experimental opportunities I encountered.

关键词： Interstellar Medium(ISM) Nebulae (galaxies:)quasars:absorption lines ultraviolet:stars

Effects of the concentration and nature of total dissolved solids in drinking water on feed intake, nutrient digestion, energy balance,methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and blood constituents in different breeds of young goats and hair sheep

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 84-95页

作者： Amlan Kumar Patra Luana Paula dos Santos ribeiro hirut Yirga Adekayode O.Sonibare Ahmed r.Askar Ali h.hussein ryszard Puchala Arthur Louis goetsch American Institute for goat research Langston University Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department Desert Research Center Agriculture Food and Natural ResourcesEastern New Mexico University

Understanding how different livestock species and breeds respond to consumption of brackish water could improve usage of this ***,Angora,Boer,and Spanish goat doelings and Dorper,Katahdin,and *** ewe lambs (6 animals per animal type[AT];initial age=296±2.1 days)consuming water with varying concentrations of minerals of a natural brackish water source (Br) and sodium chloride (NaCl;SL) were used to determine effects on water and feed intake,nutrient digestion,heat energy,methane emission,ruminal fluid conditions,and blood constituent *** were 6 simultaneous 6 (water treatments[WT])×6 (AT) Latin squares with 3-wk *** WT were fresh (Fr),Br alone (100-Br),a similar total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration as 100-Br via NaCl addition to Fr (100-SL),Br with concentrations of all minerals increased by approximately 50%(150-Br),a similar TDS level as 150-Br by NaCl addition to Fr (150-SL),and a similar 150 TDS level achieved by addition of a 1:1 mixture of Br minerals and NaCl to 100-Br (150-Br/SL).Concentrations (mg/kg) in Br were 4928 TDS,85.9 bicarbonate,224.9 calcium,1175 chloride,60.5 magnesium,4.59 potassium,1387sodium,1962 sulfate,and 8.3 boron,and TDS in other WT were 209,5684,7508,8309,and 7319 mg/kg for Fr,100-SL,150-Br,150-SL,and 150-Br/SL,*** were very few significant effects of WT or AT×WT interactions,although AT had numerous *** intake was affected by AT (P=0.02)and WT (P=0.04),with greater water intake for 150-SL than for Fr,100-Br,100-SL,and *** matter intake among AT was lowest (Pr *** of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber and heat energy differed among AT (Progen digestion and ruminal methane emission were similar among *** aldosterone concentration was higher (Pr Fr than for other *** conclusion,all AT seemed resilient to these WT regardless of mineral source and concentrations,with TDS less than 8300 mg/kg,which did

关键词： goats hair sheep Nutrient utilization ruminal fermentation Salinity Water quality

Comparative study of thulium fiber laser versus holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser for ureteric stone management with semi-rigid ureteroscopy: A prospective, single-center study

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 460-465页

作者： Ankit gupta Arvind P.ganpule Ankush Puri Abhishek g.Singh ravindra B.Sabnis Mahesh r.Desai Muljibhai Patel Urological hospital NadiadGujaratIndia

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of thulium fiber laser(TFL)and holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet(ho:YAg)laser for ureteric stone management with semi-rigid ***:In a prospective study from January 2020 to December 2021,we compared 40 patients in each group who underwent semi-rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy with TFL and that with ho:YAg *** volume,stone density,stone fragmentation rates,total lasing time,total operative time,endoscopic vision,retropulsion and stone free rates were analyzed in both groups and ***:Mean stone volume was comparable in the TFL group and the ho:YAg laser group(282.45[standard deviation,SD 139.79]mm3 vs.279.49[SD 312.52]mm3;p=0.964).Mean stone density was also comparable in the TFL group and the ho:YAg laser group(1135.30[SD 317.04]hounsfield unit vs.1131.75[SD 283.03]hounsfield unit;p=0.959).The mean stone fragmentation rates calculated as stone volume divided by lasing time were 25.85(SD 10.61)mm3/min and 21.37(SD 14.13)mm3/min in the TFL group and the ho:YAg laser group,respectively(p=0.113).The mean total lasing time(10.15[SD]4.69 min vs.11.43[SD 4.56]min;p=0.222),mean operative time(25.13[SD 9.51]min vs.25.54[SD 10.32]min;p=0.866),and mean total hospital stay(2.62[SD 0.77]days vs.2.61[SD 0.84]days;p=0.893)were comparable in the TFL group and in the ho:YAg *** vision was better and retropulsion was less in the TFL *** stone-free rate at 1 month postoperatively was slightly better in the TFL group(100%vs.90%;p=0.095).

关键词： Laser Stone Urolithiasis Thulium holmium

Autoantibodies against beta cells to predict early insulin requirements in pediatric patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1717-1725页

作者： Jorge M Molina Patricia g Medina rita A gomez Julia r herrera Nancy L Martínez Brenda hernández Yesenia garcía Department of Endocrinology Children’s Hospital Federico GomezMexico 06720Mexico National Medical Center"Siglo XXI" UMAE Hosp EspecialidadesUnidad Invest Med Epidemiol ClinMexican Social Security InstituteMexico 06720Mexico research Division UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIMexican Institute of Social SecurityMexico 06720Mexico Epidemiology research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition Federico Gómez Children’s HospitalMexico 06720Mexico Department of Endocrinology Comprehensive Health Unit for Trans PersonsMexico 11340Mexico

BACKgrOUND Autoimmunity has emerged as a probable disease modifier in patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),that is,patients who have insulin resistance,obesity,and other cardiovascular risk factors,suggesting that the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase(anti-gAD65),islet antigen 2(anti-IA2),and zinc transporter 8(anti-Zn8T)antibodies could have deleterious effects on beta cell function,causing failure and earlier requirement for insulin *** To evaluate anti-gAD65,anti-IA2 and anti-Zn8T as predictors of early insulin requirement in adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of *** This was a case–control study in patients with clinically diagnosed with T2DM(68 cases and 64 controls with and without early insulin dependence respectively),male and female,aged 12–18 ***,blood pressure,glucose,insulin,C-peptide,glycated hemoglobin A1c,and lipid profiles were *** was used to measure anti-gAD65,anti-IA2,and anti-Zn8T *** statistics,Pearson'sχ2 test,Student's t test,and logistic regression was performed.Pred statistically *** There were 132 patients(53.8%female),with a mean age was 15.9±1.3 years,and there was a disease evolution time of 4.49±0.88 *** presence of anti-gAD65,anti-IA2,and anti-Zn8T positivity was found in 29.5%,18.2%,and 15.9%,*** the groups by early or no insulin dependence showed that the group with insulin had a higher frequency of antibody positivity:anti-gAD65 odds ratio(Or):2.42(1.112–5.303,P=0.026);anti-IA2:Or:1.55(0.859–2.818,P=0.105);and anti-Zn8T:Or:7.32(2.039–26.279,P=0.002).CONCLUSION Anti-gAD65 positivity was high in our ***-gAD65 and anti-Zn8T positivity showed a significantly depleted beta cell reserve phenotype,leading to an increased risk of early insulin dependence.

关键词： Diabetes Obesity Adolescents Autoimmunity Beta cell Insulin requirements

Investigating the impact of the universal function of the nuclear proximity potential in heavy-ion fusion cross sections

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期76卷 86-93页

作者： r gharaei E Sarvari Department of Physics Sciences FacultyHakim Sabzevari UniversityPO Box 397SabzevarIran Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of MashhadPO Box 91775-1436MashhadIran Science Faculty Department of PhysicsTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran

The fusion barriers and cross sections of 15 colliding systems with 320≤Z_(1)Z_(2)≤1512 are investigated in detail to understand the influence of the universal function of proximity potential formalism in the heavy-ion fusion *** realize this goal,we select three versions of the phenomenological proximity potentials,including Prox.77,Zhang 2013,and guo 2013,to calculate the nucleus-nucleus *** experimental fusion cross sections for the selected reactions are analyzed using the standard coupled-channel calculations,including couplings to the low-lying 2^(+)and 3^(-)states in the target and *** calculated results show that the universal functions of the guo 2013 and Prox.77 models provide the lowest and highest fusion barriers,*** addition,it is found that the height of the fusion barriers is enhanced by increasing the mass number of the projectile from light to heavy *** highest sensitivity to the mass number of the projectile belongs to the results of Prox.77.A discussion is also presented on the influence of the universal function on the radial behavior of the interaction potential in the allowed region for overlapping *** results reveal that the best fit to the experimental data of the fusion cross sections for the reactions involving light and medium nuclei is obtained using the universal function of the Zhang 2013 *** the heavier systems,the results of the guo 2013 model at sub-barrier energies provide a good description of the available data.

关键词： fusion reactions proximity-type potentials universal function coupled-channel calculations

From the dust:extracellular vesicles as regulators of development and neuroregeneration

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第5期19卷 933-934页

作者： Leon g.Coleman Jr The University of North Carolina at Chapel hill School of MedicineDepartment of PharmacologyBowles Center for Alcohol StudiesChapel HillNCUSA

First impressions can have a lasting *** science,this can be especially problematic,because our lack of understanding often causes us to mislabel and thus ignore important biological *** this vein,extracellular vesicles(EVs)were once considered to be“cellular dust”.Similar to the previous concept of“junk DNA”to describe protein non-coding regions,EVs are far more than just cellular *** fact,EVs are emerging as key mediators of intracellular communication across nearly all biological *** includes peripheral immune responses(e.g.,arthropathies and sepsis),intra-organ communication(Seim et al.,2023),and a host of other physiological and pathological states(Figure 1A and B).

关键词： Figure extracellular

Processes involving soil CO_(2)dynamic in a sector of Chaco-Pampean plain,Argentina:An isotope geochemical approach

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Acta geochimica 2024年第5期43卷 947-958页

作者： Sanci romina Panarello héctor Instituto de geociencias Básicas Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires(IGEBA)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresCABAIntendente Güiraldes 2160Pabellón IIPiso 1C1428EGA Ciudad UniversitariaArgentina Instituto de geocronología y geología Isotópica(INgEIS) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresCABAIntendente Güiraldes 2160Pabellón INGEISC1428EGA Ciudad UniversitariaArgentina

The magnitude and spatial variability of CO_(2)surface emissions and processes involving CO_(2)released to the atmosphere from the soils are relevant issues in the context of climate *** work evaluated CO_(2)fluxes and^(13)C/^(12)C ratio of vegetation,organic matter,and soil gases from no disturbed soils of Chaco Pampean Plain(Argentina)with different soil properties and environmental conditions(PL and PA units).Soil organic decomposition from individual layers was accompanied byδ^(13)C of total organic carbon(δ^(13)C-TOC)values more enriched to depth.δ^(13)C-TOC values in the upper soil profile~ca.0–15 cm were like the plant community of this area(~−33 to−29‰)whileδ^(13)CTOC varied stronger bellow horizon A,till~−24‰.Bothδ^(13)C-TOC and soilδ^(13)C-CO_(2)were similar(~−24 to 26‰)at deeper horizons(~50–60 cm).Toward the superficial layers,δ^(13)C-TOC andδ^(13)C-CO_(2)showed more differences(till~4‰),due influence of the diffusion *** A layer(~0–20 cm)from both PL and PA units contained the most enrichedδ^(13)C-CO_(2)values(~−15–17‰)because atmospheric CO_(2)permeated the soil air.A simple two-component mixing model between sources(atmosphericδ^(13)C-CO_(2)and soil CO_(2))confirmed that ***,CO_(2)fluxes reflected the biodegradation of C3 plants(source),diffusive transport,and CO_(2)exchange(atmosphere/soil).Soil moisture content appeared as a determining factor in the diffusion process and the magnitude of CO_(2)surface emissions(12–60 g·m^(−2)·d^(−1)).That condition was confirmed by CO_(2)diffusion coefficients estimated by air-filled porosity parameters and soil radon gradient model.

关键词： Soil CO_(2) Carbon isotopes Isotope fractionation radon gases

risk Factors in Surgical Site Infections

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Surgical Science 2024年第2期15卷 64-80页

作者： Atilla Duran hüseyin gülay Mustafa Cem Terzi Department of general Surgery Mersin City Training and Research Hospital Mersin Türkiye Department of general Surgery Baskent University Ankara Türkiye Department of general Surgery Acibadem Kent Hastanesi Izmir Türkiye

Purpose of the research: Our study aimed to determine and understand the risk factors of surgical site infections in patients operated on in general surgery wards. Method of research: Between May 2008 and November 2008, 422 consecutive patients who underwent emergency and elective surgeries, excluding breast, goitre and laparoscopic surgeries, were included in the study to determine surgical site infections and risk factors. The patients’ risk factors were selected in the preoperative period, and postoperative 3rd, 7th, and 30th days were checked by the physician responsible for conducting the study regarding surgical site infection. results and Conclusion: Surgical site infections were defined as incisional and organ/space based on NNIS data. gender, diabetes mellitus, malignancy, degree of contamination, ASA score ≥ 3, preoperative skin cleansing, duration of intensive care unit stay, duration of hospital stay, growth in wound culture, duration of surgery and incision length were determined as risk factors increasing CAI rates. Especially the degree of contamination, duration of intensive care unit stay, hospitalisation, duration of operation, and growth in wound culture were decisive factors in the development of CAI. As a result of our study, in the light of these data, we concluded that to prevent the development of CAI can be modified, interventions to foreseeable factors can be assessed.

关键词： Infection CAI risk Patient

New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian h.Davison James g.Elkins Xin gu Jennifer Morrell-Falvey hugh O'Neill Jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.Pierce Kenneth herwig Oak ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak ridge National Laboratory(OrNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)