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Abundant Production of reactive Water radical Cations under Ambient Conditions

CCS Chemistry 2022年第4期4卷 1224-1231页

作者： Meng Wang Xiao-Fei Gao rui Su Peng He Yuan-Yuan Cheng Ke Li Dongbo Mi Xiaoping Zhang Xinglei Zhang Huanwen Chen r.graham Cooks Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013 State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012 Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907

Water radical cations,the crucial intermediates in many aqueous reactions and biochemical processes,are difficult to investigate experimentally due to their short lifetime andlowabundance.Herein,ahomemade device based on energy-tunable discharge was employed to deposit suitable amounts of energy to atmospheric pressure pure water vapor for abundant production of water radical cations,stabilized as(H_(2)O)n^(+·)(n=2-5)with a maximal abundance of≥8.3×10^(6) cps for(H_(2)O)_(2)^(+·),characterized by mass spectrometry(MS).The abundance of water radical cations was optimized by adjusting the experimental parameters such as the discharge voltage(2.5 kV),temperature of the MS inlet(140℃),carrier gas flow(20mL/min),and the distance between the discharge tip and MS inlet(12 mm).The ambient formation of water radical cationswas further confirmedby thehigh reactivity of as-prepared water radical cations,which reacted with benzene,ethyl acetate,and dimethyl disulfide instantly,showing rich chemistry with ionic and radical characteristics.Moreover,the computations usingCCSD(T)//MP2 method and density functional theory confirmed that the O-O single-electron bound dimer(B),as well as the hydronium hydroxyl radical complex(A),accounted for the unusual chemistry of the water radical cations,providing a facile approach to access the high reactivity ofwater radical cations under the ambient conditions.

关键词： water radical cation mass spectrometry O-O single-electron bound dimer of water radical cation hydronium hydroxyl dimer of water radical cation

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电磁导航支气管镜与CT引导下经皮肺穿刺肺周围结节的队列研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2018年第3期 349-350页

作者： K.M.Bhatt Y.K.Tandon r.graham C.T.Lau J.K.Lempel J.T.Azok 吕晓虹 Department of radiology Pulmonology and Quantitative Health Sciences Cleveland Clinic

摘要目的比较电磁导航支气管镜(ENB)引导与CT引导下经皮肺穿刺肺结节取样的诊断价值和并发症发生率。材料与方法回顾性分析2013—2015年间149例CT引导下经

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOr Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS graham r.SCOTT Catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of rodents.From reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)clade.recent studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high elevation.Brain structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same clade.We observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America rodentia sensory evolution

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risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C genotype 3 infection:A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1596-1612页

作者： Hamzah Z Farooq Michael James Jane Abbott Patrick Oyibo Pip Divall Naheed Choudhry graham r Foster Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E12ATUnited Kingdom School of Health and Psychological Sciences University of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUnited Kingdom University Hospitals of Leicester Library University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom

BACKGrOUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a blood-borne virus which globally affects around 79 million people and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.Chronic infection leads to cirrhosis in a large proportion of patients and often causes hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in people with cirrhosis.Of the 6 HCV genotypes(G1-G6),genotype-3 accounts for 17.9%of infections.HCV genotype-3 responds least well to directly-acting antivirals and patients with genotype-3 infection are at increased risk of HCC even if they do not have cirrhosis.AIM To systematically review and critically appraise all risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV-G3 in all settings.Consequently,we studied possible risk factors for HCC due to HCV-G3 in the literature from 1946 to 2023.METHODS This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing and published studies of risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV genotype-3 and evaluate their strengths and limitations.We searched Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CENTrAL for publications reporting risk factors for HCC due to HCV genotype-3 in all settings,1946-2023.rESULTS Four thousand one hundred and forty-four records were identified from the four databases with 260 records removed as duplicates.Three thousand eight hundred and eighty-four records were screened with 3514 excluded.Three hundred and seventy-one full-texts were assessed for eligibility with seven studies included for analysis.Of the seven studies,three studies were retrospective case-control trials,two retrospective cohort studies,one a prospective cohort study and one a cross-sectional study design.All were based in hospital settings with four in Pakistan,two in South Korea and one in the United States.The total number of participants were 9621 of which 167 developed HCC(1.7%).All seven studies found cirrhosis to be a risk factor for HCC secondary to HCV genotype-3 followed by higher age(five-studies),with two studies each showing male sex,high alpha feto-protein,directly-acting antivirals treatment and achievement of sustained virologic res

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C Genotype 3 Systematic review Blood-borne viruses Liver cancer

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Efficiency of a Modular Cleanroom for Space Applications

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 547-562页

作者： Matthew r.Coburn Charlie Young Chris Smith graham Schultz Miguel robayo Zheng-Tong Xie Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK Plastron UK Ltd. Westcott Venture ParkWestcottHP180XBUK renewable Energy Group University of ExeterExeterTR109FEUK

A prototype cleanroom for hazardous testing and handling of satellites prior to launcher encapsulation,satisfying the ISO8 standard has been designed and analyzed in terms of performances.Unsteady reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(UrANS)models have been used to study the related flow field and particulate matter(PM)dispersion.The outcomes of the UrANS models have been validated through comparison with equivalent large-eddy simulations.Special attention has been paid to the location and shape of the air intakes and their orientation in space,in order to balance the PM convection and diffusion inside the cleanroom.Forming a cyclone-type flow pattern inside the cleanroom is a key to maintaining a high ventilation efficiency.

关键词： Diffuser LES PM rANS unsteady flow exponential decay

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苏联关于结构化学共振论的哲学讨论

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世界科学 1985年第6期 58-60+64页

作者： Loren r.graham 韩祖恒

十九世纪的化学家不久就发现许多化合物是不可能用一种简单的,可以解释所有他们已知反应的公式来阐明一个公式说明了的一种特定反应。而另一个公式则解释另一种不同的反应,一个化学家也许用一种化合物的四种或五种不同的分子模型就可以... 详细信息

十九世纪的化学家不久就发现许多化合物是不可能用一种简单的,可以解释所有他们已知反应的公式来阐明一个公式说明了的一种特定反应。而另一个公式则解释另一种不同的反应,一个化学家也许用一种化合物的四种或五种不同的分子模型就可以说明那种化合物的所有已知的反应,但这种方法只是增加困难:常识向化学家们表明,任何物质应该

关键词：共振论结构化学化学家有机化学苏联苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟鲍林哲学讨论

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基于原位电离小型便携式质谱的化妆品和食品快速检测技术研究

基于原位电离小型便携式质谱的化妆品和食品快速检测技术研究

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中国化学会第二届全国质谱分析学术报告会

作者：马强 r.graham Cooks 欧阳证中国检验检疫科学研究院普渡大学

质谱技术是现代众多分析测试技术中同时具备了灵敏度高、特异性好、响应速度快的普适性方法。作为化学分析的"黄金标准",质谱技术目前已在全球范围内被广泛应用于食品安全、环境分析、医疗诊断等众多领域。原位、实时、在线、非破坏、... 详细信息

质谱技术是现代众多分析测试技术中同时具备了灵敏度高、特异性好、响应速度快的普适性方法。作为化学分析的"黄金标准",质谱技术目前已在全球范围内被广泛应用于食品安全、环境分析、医疗诊断等众多领域。原位、实时、在线、非破坏、高通量、低损耗的质谱学方法是质谱分析技术发展的重要趋势。原位电离技术的出现,极大地提高了质谱分析的效率,使实际样品的快速质谱分析成为可能。另一方面,当今质谱仪价格高、体积大、操作繁琐并需要用户掌握相关技术知识,使得质谱分析无法在分析实验室以外实现。相对于需要送样至实验室完成测试的传统检测流程,基于原位电离和小型便携式质谱的快速检测技术可极大地简化实验流程,并实现产品质量安全风险的现场、原位、实时、在线监测,对于保障产品质量安全具有重要意义。本研究聚焦化妆品和食品的产品质量安全问题,针对不同类型、不同基质的化妆品和食品样品中的高风险、高关注化学危害物质,采用Mini 12小型便携式质谱仪结合纸喷雾、萃取纳升电喷雾、毛细管弹状流微萃取等原位电离技术,开发了唇膏类和眼影类化妆品中的苏丹红禁用染料（苏丹红I、II、III和IV）、香波类化妆品中的尼泊金酯类禁用防腐剂（异丙基、异丁基、戊基、苯基和苄基尼泊金酯）、膏霜类化妆品中的禁用抗生素（氯霉素和甲硝唑）、水剂类化妆品中的违禁固醇类激素（表睾甾酮）、牛奶中的违禁迁移物（双酚A）和运动饮料中的禁用塑化剂（邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己）酯）等一系列便捷、高效、无需样品前处理的快速检测方法,突破传统检测方法操作繁琐、耗时冗长的弊端,满足公共安全突发事件中现场快速检测的实际需求,推动产品质量安全保障水平的提升。

关键词：原位电离小型便携式质谱化妆品食品快速检测

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洛杉矶当代艺术博物馆——一座正统先锋派的建筑

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时代建筑 1991年第2期 22-25页

作者：刘晓东 Marc M.Angelil Sarah r.graham 同济大学建筑系

[编者语]矶崎新设计的美国洛杉矶当代艺术博物馆(Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angels, 简称Moca)自1986年建成以来,受到了世界建筑界的广泛注意.有关评论介绍纷纷见绪于各种建筑杂志.本文是根据瑞士《Werk,Bauen+Wohnen》杂志198... 详细信息

[编者语]矶崎新设计的美国洛杉矶当代艺术博物馆(Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angels, 简称Moca)自1986年建成以来,受到了世界建筑界的广泛注意.有关评论介绍纷纷见绪于各种建筑杂志.本文是根据瑞士《Werk,Bauen+Wohnen》杂志1987年第四期刊登的一篇评论文章编译而成.它详细评述了这座建筑与洛杉矶城市文脉及周围建筑环境的关系,介绍了矶崎新的设计思想及手法,最后评论了这座建筑做为一座当代艺术的展览场所的成与败,读后可以加深我们对这座建筑的认识.

关键词：洛杉矶博物馆建筑

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Chronic effects of stretching on range of motion with consideration of potential moderating variables:A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 186-194页

作者： Andreas Konrad Shahab Alizadeh Abdolhamid Daneshjoo Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar Andrew graham Ali Zahiri reza Goudini Chris Edwards Carina Scharf David George Behm Institute of Human Movement Science Sport and HealthGraz UniversityGraz A-8010Austria School of Human Kinetics and recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNL A1C 5S7Canada Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport SciencesShahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman 76169-13439Iran

Background:It is well known that stretch training can induce prolonged increases in joint range of motion(rOM).However,to date more information is needed regarding which training variables might have greater influence on improvements in flexibility.Thus,the purpose of this metaanalysis was to investigate the effects of stretch training on rOM in healthy participants by considering potential moderating variables,such as stretching technique,intensity,duration,frequency,and muscles stretched,as well as sex-specific,age-specific,and/or trained state-specific adaptations to stretch training.Methods:We searched through PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and SportDiscus to find eligible studies and,finally,assessed the results from 77 studies and 186 effect sizes by applying a random-effect meta-analysis.Moreover,by applying a mixed-effect model,we performed the respective subgroup analyses.To find potential relationships between stretch duration or age and effect sizes,we performed a meta-regression.results:We found a significant overall effect,indicating that stretch training can increase rOM with a moderate effect compared to the controls(effect size=-1.002;Z=-12.074;95%confidence interval:-1.165 to-0.840;proup analysis showed a significant difference between the stretching techniques(p=0.01)indicating that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching produced greater rOM than did ballistic/dynamic stretching.Moreover,there was a significant effect between the sexes(p=0.04),indicating that females showed higher gains in rOM compared to males.However,further moderating analysis showed no significant relation or difference.Conclusion:When the goal is to maximize rOM in the long term,proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation or static stretching,rather than ballistic/dynamic stretching,should be applied.Something to consider in future research as well as sports practice is that neither volume,intensity,nor frequency of stretching were found to play a significant role in rOM yields.

关键词： Flexibility Long-term stretching Stretch training

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Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed Andrew MacDonald Jamila Skinner Harley Williams Julie E.Strychowsky M.Elise graham Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school annually.The number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to equalize.There are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional settings.Female presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the introduction.This study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by gender.Methods:recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and gender.Chi‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of address.results:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter gender.Female presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(P=0.69).residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in medicine.research efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

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