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应用改进的Morgan-Morgan-Finney模型评估土壤侵蚀易感性:以尼泊尔Kulekhani流域为例

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Journal of resources and Ecology 2024年第1期15卷 182-196页

作者： THAPA rabin joshi rajeev BHATTA Binod gHIMIrE Santosh 尼泊尔赫陀达农林大学林业学院尼泊尔Hetauda44107 尼泊尔乌达布尔农林大学自然资源管理学院尼泊尔UdayapurKatari56310

本研究旨在考察Kulekhani流域土地利用与土地覆盖(LULC)动态变化及土壤侵蚀情况,并对2000年至2020年不同LULC类别进行分析。研究结果显示,Kulekhani流域森林土地比例从2000年的60.72%上升至2010年的62.43%,2020年达到64.75%。水域面积... 详细信息

本研究旨在考察Kulekhani流域土地利用与土地覆盖(LULC)动态变化及土壤侵蚀情况,并对2000年至2020年不同LULC类别进行分析。研究结果显示,Kulekhani流域森林土地比例从2000年的60.72%上升至2010年的62.43%,2020年达到64.75%。水域面积有小幅增加,2000年占比为1.07%,2020年增加到1.08%。相应地,荒地面积从0.21%增至0.35%。相反,农业用地比例逐渐减少,2000年为38%,2010年为36.24%,2020年降至33.82%。使用改进的Morgan-Morgan-Finney模型估算土壤流失量显示,2000年到2010年期间,加权平均土壤流失量呈下降趋势,而2010年到2020年期间略微增加。计算得出的土壤流失值分别为2000年8.64 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1)、2010年7.12 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1)和2020年7.30 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1)。土壤侵蚀易感性图表明,2000年到2020年期间,非常低风险的土壤侵蚀区域有所增加,主要集中在森林地区,而农业区域则显示出低到中度的易感性。此外,荒地区域显示出中高度的土壤侵蚀易感性。为解决这些问题,建议未来的努力应包括在荒地地区进行造林计划,在农业区域实施保护耕作方式,并采取适当的道路稳定措施。

关键词：水泥沙土地利用土地覆盖坡度降雨量

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尼泊尔桑可西河流域新格地子流域滑坡评价

Journal of resources and Ecology 2024年第2期15卷 431-438页

作者： BASNET Bhuwan joshi rajeev SHArMA ram Prasad SUBEDI rajan 特里布万大学林业研究所(博卡拉校区) 尼泊尔博卡拉33700 尼泊尔农林大学自然资源管理学院林学系尼泊尔卡塔里56310

山体滑坡是尼泊尔山区的主要灾害,主要是由于其脆弱的地貌、强烈的降雨、不当的土地管理和在修建山区道路过程中没有采取必要的稳定措施所导致的。由于频繁的山体滑坡,下游地区人类的生命财产遭受了巨大损失,并导致生态系统生产力和功... 详细信息

山体滑坡是尼泊尔山区的主要灾害,主要是由于其脆弱的地貌、强烈的降雨、不当的土地管理和在修建山区道路过程中没有采取必要的稳定措施所导致的。由于频繁的山体滑坡,下游地区人类的生命财产遭受了巨大损失,并导致生态系统生产力和功能下降,河道泥沙淤积。土地利用与土地覆被、地形、道路、排水、地质环境和降雨等多种空间因素与滑坡的发生紧密相关,并决定了该地区滑坡的易感性。了解滑坡现象及其引发的相关因素,对于采取适当的预防、控制和恢复措施至关重要。本研究在尼泊尔桑科西河流域的新格地子流域进行,旨在了解滑坡危害、引发的相关因素以及为最大限度地减少可能的危害而采取的最佳预防策略。滑坡评估是通过使用时序谷歌影像和实地调查,对滑坡体进行识别和数字化来进行的。利用gIS软件对滑坡危险性进行评估,编制影响因子图,并对现场观测数据进行分析的基础上,计算了滑坡的规模。此外,在相关家庭的问卷调查(n=60)中,进行目的性抽样,探讨人们对山体滑坡、对生计资产的主要影响因素的看法。并采用Friedman非参数检验评估滑坡对当地人感知的最主要影响因素。根据现场调查,在研究区域的不同位置共调查了46处滑坡体,滑坡总面积为4.77km^(2)。通过使用Friedman检验的比较矩阵分析,本研究确定了滑坡发生的主要原因是农村道路、施工、边坡因素、降雨和土地利用与土地覆被。距离道路200-500 m造成最高比率的滑坡灾害,东南方向坡度30°-45°的山体对滑坡的易感性最高。与其他土地利用相比,因为在林内松软地区修建道路,茂密的森林更易受到山体滑坡的影响。比较道路建设前后滑坡的影响,约80%的受访者认为对滑坡有重要影响。

关键词：滑坡灾害滑坡评估滑坡因素分析

Efficacy of a Diabetes Specific Nutritional Supplement (DSNS) on glycemic response in Prediabetic Adults: A Two-Armed, Open-Labelled randomized Controlled Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 612-643页

作者： Deepti Khanna Kejal joshi reddy Hema S. gopalan Jaladhi Bhatt Jayanti gupta Simran Sethi Parth joshi Manoj Pareek Department of r&D Hindustan Unilever Limited Gurugram India Mumbai India Cliantha research Ahmedabad India

It is well known that Diabetes Specific Nutritional Supplements (DSNSs) are linked to improved glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. However, data on efficacy of DSNSs in prediabetics is limited. This was a two-armed, open-labelled, randomized controlled six-week study on 199 prediabetics [30 - 65 years;glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) 5.7% - 6.4% and/or Fasting Blood glucose (FBg) 100-125 mg/dl]. Two parallel phases were conducted: Acute Blood glucose response (ABgr) and Intervention phase. Prediabetic participants were randomized into test (n = 100) and control (n = 99). The primary objective was to assess the ABgr of DSNS versus an isocaloric snack, measured by incremental Area under the Curve (iAUC). Test and control received 60 g of DSNS and 56 g of isocaloric snack (cornflakes) respectively, both in 250 ml double-toned milk on visit days 1, 15, 29 and 43. Postprandial Blood glucose (PPg) was estimated at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. During the 4 weeks intervention phase, the test group received DSNS with lifestyle counselling (DSNS + LC) and was compared with the control receiving lifestyle counselling alone (LC alone). Impact was studied on FBg, HbA1C, anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, nutrient intake, and physical activity. The impact of DSNS was also studied using CgM between two 14-day phases: CgM1 baseline (days 1 - 14) and CgM2 endline (days 28 - 42). DSNS showed significantly lower PPg versus isocaloric snack at 30 (p 12, and chromium were reported by DSNS + LC versus LC alone. No other significant changes were reported between groups. It may be concluded that DSNS may be considered as a snack for prediabetic or hyperglycemic individuals requiring nutritional support for improved glycemic control.

关键词： Diabetes Specific Nutritional Supplement Prediabetes Acute Blood glucose response Incremental Area under Curve Lifestyle Counselling

Effectiveness of Music-Based Therapeutic Intervention on People with Dementia: A rapid review

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2024年第2期13卷 35-47页

作者： Shreejeet Shrestha Samikshya Karmacharya Yadav Prasad joshi Prasa Shrestha Department of Public Health Asian College for Advance Studies Lalitpur Nepal Department of Operation Theatre Gosford Hospital New South Wales Health Gosford Australia Faculty of Science Health and Technology Nepal Open University Lalitpur Nepal Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Kathmandu Nepal Department of general Practice and Emergency Medicine Chitwan Medical College Bharatpur Nepal

Background: Dementia is a condition with progressive cognitive dysfunction and manifestation of both behavioral and psychosocial symptoms. Non-pharmacological measures such as music therapy are gaining importance since efficacy and safety of people with dementia have been questionable for pharmacological measures. Patient’s response to music is persistent even in the later stage of dementia. Aim: This rapid review aims to identify, analyze, evaluate, and summarize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of music-based therapeutic interventions among people with dementia. Method: CINAHL Cochrane Library, internet websites of rapid review producers, and reference lists were searched to identify articles for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened the literature search results. Effectiveness, music-based therapeutic intervention, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, systematic review and systematic review with meta-analysis terms were used to abstract data from included studies. Main Findings: 11 Srs and Srs with meta-analysis were reviewed which revealed positive effect of music therapy on five major outcomes with 9 studies effect on behavioral outcome, 6 studies with positive effect on psychosocial outcome reducing anxiety, 6 with improved cognition, 1 study revealed with improved quality of life and 1 study revealed effect on physiological outcomes. Conclusion: Music therapy has positive effect on treatment of dementia but further studies with larger sample size and specified to single intervention should be conducted to provide generalisable and precise results on this topic.

关键词： Dementia rapid review Music Therapy Behavioral Cognitive Quality of Life

From source to emplacement:The origin of leucogranites from the Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayas,India

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geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 384-401页

作者： Tanya Srivastava Nigel Harris Catherine Mottram Kumar Batuk joshi Nishchal Wanjari Department of geology Sikkim UniversityGangtokIndia School of Environment Earth&Ecosystem SciencesOpen UniversityMiltonKeynesUK School of the Environment Geography and GeosciencesUniversity of PortsmouthUK National Centre for Earth Science Studies ThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia

Himalayan leucogranites are important for understanding the tectonic evolution of collision zones in general and the causes of crustal melting in the Himalayan orogen in *** paper aims to understand the melt source and emplacement age of the leucogranites from Sikkim in order to decipher the deep geodynamic processes of the eastern *** U-Pb analysis of the Higher Himalayan Sequence(HHS)metamorphic core reveals a prolonged period of crustal melting between>33 Ma and ca.14 *** and trace element abundances are presented for 27 leucogranites from North Sikkim that are classified into two-mica and tourmaline leucogranite *** are peraluminous in composition,characterized by high SiO2(70.91-74.9 wt.%),Al2O3(13.69-15.82 wt.%),and low MgO(0.13-0.74 wt.%).Elemental abundances suggest that Sikkim Himalayan leucogranites are derived from crustal *** two-mica leucogranites are derived from a metagreywacke source,whereas the tourmaline leucogranites are sourced from metapelitic sources,with inherited zircons indicating an HHS origin for both types.U-Pb zircon geochronology of the two mica leucogranites indicates ages of ca.19-15 Ma,consistent with crustal melting recorded in HHS gneisses from *** from both the two-mica and tourmaline leucogranites yield a crystallization age of ca.15-14 Ma,coeval with movement on the Main Central Thrust and South Tibetan Detachment System which further provides constraints on the timing and mechanism of petrogenesis of leucogranites in the Sikkim Himalayas.

关键词： Leucogranites gneiss U-Pb geochronology Zircon Monazite Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayas

Hepatic vein reconstruction during hepatectomy:A feasible and underused technique

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 421-427页

作者： Manish Ahuja Kunal joshi Chris Coldham Paulo Muiesan Bobby Dasari Manuel Abradelo ravi Marudanayagam Darius Mirza John Isaac David Bartlett Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias robert P Sutcliffe Keith J roberts Department of HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Complete surgical resection(r0)of liver tumors,primary or metastatic,remains the main objective in management of primary and metastatic liver tumors[1].Tumors invading to the proximity of the hepatic venous outflow pose a peculiar challenge to achieve r0 resections,because this location may render a tumor *** median survival of patients with liver tumor without surgery is less than 12 months[2].Even with surgery,post-hepatectomy liver failure and subsequently increased mortality are the main problems associated with complex resection[3].Moreover,when the vein is affected,vein resection and subsequent reconstruction are *** resection is a standard practice in liver resection and transplantation[4],for example,hepatic vein reconstruction during a living-donor liver transplant,porto-mesenteric axis reconstruction during resection of advanced pancreatic cancer and caval reconstruction during resection of retroperitoneal ***,novel techniques like total hepatic vascular exclusion(HVE)[5],veno-venous bypass[6]and ex vivo hepatic resection[7,8]have facilitated curative resections of tumors close to one or more major hepatic veins.

关键词： hepatectomy surgery mortality

Overview of perspectives on cancer,newer therapies,and future directions

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Oncology and Translational Medicine 2024年第3期10卷 105-109页

作者： rajeev M.joshi Bhushan Telang gagan Soni Asma Khalife Department of general Surgery T.N.Medical College&B.Y.L.Nair Charitable HospitalMumbaiIndia Department of Surgical Oncology Government Cancer Hospital AurangabadMaharashtraIndia Department of Surgical Disciplines All India Institute of Medical ScienceNew DelhiIndia

Theword“cancer”is associated with terrifying situations,and there is often an aggressive intent to *** about survival and fear of disfigurement cause major turmoil in the minds of patients and *** with multimodal care is the key to achieving satisfactory *** imaging modalities have aided in early detection and derivation of optimal treatment *** radical excision of tumors with neoadjuvant or concurrent chemotherapy/radiotherapy has long been the best management option,we have moved froma radical to a conservative *** advanced disease,the plan should be to provide supportive care and improve quality of *** and counseling play important *** support for correcting cancer cachexia is equally important during tumor *** therapies such as targeted therapy,stem cell therapy,and chemodynamic therapy are all focused on ensuring safe and efficient outcomes;however,the war against cancer continues to oscillate between hope and despair.

关键词： Cancer Modern medicine Preventive oncology Psychology Nutrition

Comparative effectiveness of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer stratified by microsatellite instability status

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第4期15卷 540-547页

作者： Chen-gu Niu Jing Zhang Aniket-Vijay rao Utsav joshi Patrick Okolo Department of Internal Medicine Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY 14621United States Department of Psychiatry Rainier SpringsVancouverWA 98663United States Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33606United States Department of gastroenterology Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY 14621United States

BACKgrOUND Immunotherapy have demonstrated promising outcomes in patients with high microsatellite instability(MSI)(MSI-H)metastatic colorectal ***,the comparative effectiveness of Immunotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with low MSI(MSI-L),and microsatellite stable(MSS)metastatic colorectal cancer remains *** To investigate immunotherapy vs chemotherapy for treatment of MSI-L/MSS metastatic colorectal cancer,and to evaluate the success of immunotherapy against chemotherapy in managing MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer during a follow-up of 50 *** We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Cancer Database(NCDB)to evaluate the overall survival(OS)of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with immunotherapy or *** study population was stratified by MSI status(MSI-H,MSI-L,and MSS).Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between treatment modality and OS,adjusting for potential *** A total of 21951 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were included in the analysis,of which 2358 were MSI-H,and 19593 were MSI-L/*** the MSI-H cohort,immunotherapy treatment(n=142)was associated with a significantly improved median OS compared to chemotherapy(n=860).After adjusting for potential confounders,immunotherapy treatment remained significantly associated with better OS in the MSI-H cohort[adjusted hazard ratio(aHr):0.57,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.43-0.77,Prt,no significant difference in median OS was observed between immunotherapy treatment and chemotherapy(aHr:0.94,95%CI:0.69-1.29,P=0.715).CONCLUSION In this population-based study using the NCDB,immunotherapy treatment was associated with significantly improved OS compared to chemotherapy in patients with MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer,but not in those with MSI-L/MSS metastatic colorectal *** studies are warranted to determine the optimal therapeu

关键词： Immunotherapy Chemotherapy Metastatic colorectal cancer Microsatellite instability National cancer database

A One Health approach to fight antimicrobial resistance in Uganda: Implementation experience, results, and lessons learned

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第2期6卷 125-132页

作者： reuben Kiggundu J.P.Waswa Niranjan Konduri Hassan Kasuja Marion Murungi Patrick Vudriko Harriet Akello Eric Lugada Cecilia Muiva Esther Were Dinah Tjipura Henry Kajumbula Kate Kikule Emmanuel Nfor Mohan P.joshi USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthArlingtonVA 22203USA College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and BiosecurityMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda Ministry of Health Uganda Kampala 256Uganda USAID Strengthening Supply Chain Systems Activity Management Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthNairobi 254Kenya Department of Microbiology College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda

Uganda has been implementing the global Health Security Agenda(gHSA)since 2015 to build its capacity according to World Health Organization(WHO)Benchmarks on International Health regulations *** country remains prone to outbreaks,with more than 20 disease outbreaks reported in the past five years,including Ebola virus disease,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever,Marburg haemorrhagic fever,measles,yellow fever,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and *** resistance(AMr)is an ongoing *** scored capacity level 3 on infection prevention and control(IPC)and antimicrobial stewardship(AMS)in the 2017 Joint External Evaluation(JEE)*** gaps were being addressed after a self-assessment in *** paper describes the technical assistance approaches provided to Uganda by the Medicines,Technologies,and Pharmaceutical Services Program,funded by the United States(U.S.)Agency for International Development,and implemented by Management Sciences for *** program,through a One Health approach,supported systematic capacity strengthening based on the JEE's capacity advancement framework for global health security,specifically relating to *** program's interventions impacted 32 WHO benchmark actions(7 for AMr multisectoral coordination,16 for IPC,and 9 for AMS),contributing to Uganda's strengthened gHSA *** success built on the AMr platform,the program trained 745 health workers in IPC for the Ebola virus and provided support for simulation exercises by eight district IPC *** program also worked with the Ministry of Health to coordinate IPC for the COVID-19 response in five health regions,covering 45 districts and reaching 5,452 health workers at 858 health facilities.

关键词： One health Antimicrobial resistance Antibiotic resistance Jointexternal evaluation global health security Uganda Africa WHO Benchmarks for International Health regulations Capacities