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Determination of Neutron Irradiation-Induced Phosphorus Segregation on grain Boundaries in a P-doped 2.25Cr1Mo Steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2004年第1期20卷 81-85页

作者： ShenhuaSONg r.g.faulkner P.E.J.Flewitt DongdongSHEN JingLIU ZexiYUAN SchoolofMaterialsandMetallurgy WuhanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyWuhan430081China InstituteofPolymerTechnologyandMaterialsEngineering LoughboroughUniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLEll3TUUK BerkeleyCentre BNFLMagnoxGenerationBerkeleyGloucestershireGL139PBUK

Irradiation-induced impurity segregation to grain boundaries is one of the important radiation effects on materials. For this reason, phosphorus segregation to prior austenite grain boundaries in a P-doped 2.25Cr1Mo steel subjected to neutron irradiation is examined using field emission gun scanning transmission electron microscopy (FEgSTEM) with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The steel samples are irradiated around 270 and 400℃, respectively. The irradiation dose rate and dose are -1.05×10-8 dpa/s and -0.042 dpa respectively for 270℃ irradiation, and 1.7×10-8 dpa/s and 0.13 dpa respectively for 400℃ irradiation. The FEgSTEM results indicate that there is no apparent phosphorus segregation during 270℃ irradiation but there is some during 400℃ irradiation.

关键词： Neutron irradiation Segregation grain boundary Phosphorus

grAIN-BOUNDArY PrECIPITATION UNDEr IrrADIATION IN DILUTE BINArY ALLOYS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2003年第5期16卷 365-374页

作者： S.H.Song Z.X.Yuan J.Liu r.g.faulkner SchoolofMaterialsandMetallurgy WuhanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyWuhan430081China InstituteofPolymerTechnologyandMaterialsEngineering LoughboroughUniversityLoughboroughLe-icestershireLE113TUUK

Irradiation-induced grain boundary segregation of solute atoms frequently bring about grain boundary precipitation of a second phase because of its making the solubility limit of the solute surpassed at grain boundaries. Until now the kinetic models for irradiation-induced grain boundary precipitation have been sparse. For this reason, we have theoretically treated grain boundary precipitation under irradiation in dilute binary alloys. Predictions of γ' -Ni3Si precipitation at grain boundaries are made for a dilute Ni-Si alloy subjected to irradiation. It is demonstrated that grain boundary silicon segregation under irradiation may lead to grain boundary γ'-Ni3Si precipitation over a certain temperature range.

关键词： segregation precipitation grain boundary irradiation

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中子辐照诱导压力容器钢中磷的偏析

金属学报 2005年第1期41卷 79-83页

作者：吕铮 r.g.faulkner P.E.J.Flewitt IPTME Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLE11 3TUUK Stuctural Integrity BNFL Magnox GenerationBerkeley CentreBerkeleyGlos.GL13 9PBUK.

中子辐照引起的核反应堆压力容器钢中磷的晶间偏析是导致核反应堆压力容器脆性断裂的主要因素之一.本文提出了预测核反应堆压力容器钢中杂质元素(主要是磷)晶间非平衡偏析的溶质拖拽模型,并且与速率理论模型进行了对比.该模型的预测 ... 详细信息

中子辐照引起的核反应堆压力容器钢中磷的晶间偏析是导致核反应堆压力容器脆性断裂的主要因素之一.本文提出了预测核反应堆压力容器钢中杂质元素(主要是磷)晶间非平衡偏析的溶质拖拽模型,并且与速率理论模型进行了对比.该模型的预测结果与最近发表的压力容器钢(包括C-Mn和MnMoNi钢)的一些实验数据一致.

关键词：辐照偏析模拟铁素体钢

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Hf对铁素体钢中辐照引起的晶间偏析的影响

金属学报 2006年第10期42卷 1041-1045页

作者：吕铮 r.g.faulkner 坂口纪史木下博嗣高桥平七郎 P.E.J.Flewitt Institute of Polymer Technology and Materials Engineering Loughborough University LoughboroughLecestershire LE11 3TUUK Center for Advanced research of Energy Technology Hokkaido University North 13West 8Sapporo 060-8628Japan Berkeley Centre Magnox Electric BerkeleyGloucestershire GL13 9PBUK

1％Hf(质量分数)被注入E911钢中．利用250 keV的Ni离子在300℃辐照含Hf和不含Hf的E911钢,以研究Hf的添加对铁素体/马氏体钢中由辐照引起的偏析的影响．结果表明,Hf的添加抑制了晶界上P原子的富集和Cr原子的贫化．讨论和评估了Hf对自由... 详细信息

1％Hf(质量分数)被注入E911钢中．利用250 keV的Ni离子在300℃辐照含Hf和不含Hf的E911钢,以研究Hf的添加对铁素体/马氏体钢中由辐照引起的偏析的影响．结果表明,Hf的添加抑制了晶界上P原子的富集和Cr原子的贫化．讨论和评估了Hf对自由迁移的缺陷数量的影响,结合一个辐照引起的非平衡偏析(rIS)模型以预测Hf对P,Cr等元素的晶界偏析行为的作用．对预测结果和实验数据作了比较．

关键词： Hf 铁素体钢辐照偏析

A new database of building-space-specific internal loads and load schedules for performance based code compliance modeling of commercial buildings

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Building Simulation 2024年第6期17卷 877-892页

作者： Yunyang Ye Cary A.faulkner Wooyoung Jung Jian Zhang Eli Brock Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA99354USA University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260USA

Building-level loads and load schedules prescribed by current modeling rules save modelers time and provide standards during whole building performance ***,recent studies show that they sometimes insufficiently capture the entire building performance due to the varied loads and load schedules for different space *** a solution to this issue,this paper presents a database of default building-space-specific loads and load schedules for use in energy modeling,and in particular code compliance modeling for commercial *** existing sets of default loads and load schedules are reviewed and the challenges behind using them for specific research topics are ***,the proposed method to develop the building-space-specific loads and load schedules is *** that,the database for these building-space-specific loads and load schedules is *** addition,one case is studied to demonstrate the applications of these loads and load *** this case study,three methods are used to develop building energy models:space-specific(using knowledge of the distribution and location of space types and applying the space-specific data in the developed database),building-level(assuming a lack of knowledge of the space types and using the building-level data in the developed database),and calculated-ratio(assuming knowledge of the distribution of space types but not their locations and calculating weighted average values based on the space-specific data in the developed database).The energy results simulated by using these three methods are compared,which shows building-level methods can produce significantly different absolute energy and energy savings results than the results using space-specific ***,this paper discusses the application scope and maintenance of this new database.

关键词： load load schedule space specific building energy modeling code compliance

Development and evaluation of corrosion resistant coating for expandable rock bolt against highly corrosive ground conditions

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第1期28卷 145-151页

作者： Kevin Jinrong Ma John Stankus Dakota faulkner Keystone Mining Services LLC of Jennmar Corporation Inc

Expandable rock bolts are widely used in hard rock mines as an efficient ground control ***, capacity and service life can be significantly reduced if the metallic body is subjected to *** some hard rock mines in the U.S., highly corrosive ground conditions exist, and it has been reported that inflatable rock bolts have corroded within a few months after *** provide mining industry a cost-effective inflatable bolt and combat the corrosion issues, Jennmar Corporation, Inc.,and its subsidiary Keystone Mining Services, LLC(KMS), analyzed corroded bolt samples, identified root causes, evaluated properties of various coating materials, and developed a new inflatable rock bolt,Python M3^(TM), that is protected with an innovative PyFlexU2^(TM)*** new generation Python M3^(TM) features improved steel chemistry for reliable performance, modified profile for better inflation, and surface preparation and coating *** PyFlexU2^(TM)is impervious to liquid and air, durable, and UV *** a flexible, adhesive, and highly corrosion-resistant undercoating, and a very hard sacrificial surface coating, the PyFlexU2^(TM)coating system provides the Python M3^(TM)superior protection against chemical corrosion and physical scratch *** under-coating has exceptional flexibility and adhesion to prevent coating micro-cracks or fractures after bolt inflation and possesses excellent corrosion resistance to acids(pH 11), fuels, and salt *** corrosion and scratch resistant PyFlexU2^(TM)coating offers very effective bolt protection for extra longevity in highly corrosive *** Python M3^(TM)coated with PyFlexU2^(TM)has been tested in the most challenging conditions,including laboratory corrosion tests in extreme acidic and basic solvents, rock slurry, and borehole scratch insertion *** demonstrated corrosion and scratch resistance, the product has been greatly welcomed by hard rock min

关键词： rock bolt Hard rock Corrosive ground condition Bolt corrosion

Scientifically advanced woody media for improved water quality from livestock woodchip heavy-use areas

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 35-43页

作者： Laura Christianson David DeVallance Joshua faulkner Thomas Basden Crop Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA Wood Science and Technology West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506 USA University of Vermont Extension UVM Center for Sustainable Agriculture Burlington VT 05401 USA West Virginia University Extension West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506 USA

Overwintering cattle on pastures in many areas can damage the pasture and lead to impaired water quality. During these times, use ofa woodchip heavy-use area （HUA） presents advantages such as a soft, supportive, and dry toot surface for animals and protection of the pasture and pasture soils. However, woodchip HUAs can also be a centralized source of high nutrient loads due to their drainage outflows. A column study was conducted to assess the nutrient load reduction potential of： 1 ） six types of wood media （including torrefied wood media and biochar） that could be used in a woodchip HUA versus a gravel control, and 2） providing a 48 h retention time within the wood media to enhance nitrogen removal through denitrification. The woody media provided significant liquid waste volume reduction compared to the gravel in simulated events （53%-61% vs. 39% reductions, respectively）, and there may be additional liquid storage capacity in the woodchips not utilized during these rapid events. Substantial total nitrogen removal by the wood treatments （mean removal efficiencies 〉 50%） was observed across the sinmlated events, although nitrate leaching also occurred. Nitrate removal was enhanced during the 48 h retention test which showed removal was governed by availability of labile carbon （i.e., fresh woodchips exhibited 〉 70% nitrate removal）. The retention test also indicated biochar mixtures provided some of the best total phosphorus removal, but the greatest benefits across all parameters was provided by the Mixed Hardwood treatment.

关键词： Overwinter Heavy-use area Nutrient pollution Torrefied Woodchip

The effect of solvent in evaporation-induced self-assembly:A case study of benzene periodic mesoporous organosilica

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1920-1925页

作者： WANg WenDong faulkner Daniel MOIr Jonathon OZIN geoffrey A Materials Chemistry research group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada Department of Materials Science ＆ Engineering University of Toronto 184 College St Toronto M5S 3E4 Canada

Volatile organic solvents were considered to have little influence on the synthesis of mesostructured materials through evaporation-induced self-assembly(EISA),because upon evaporation they leave the sol and hence do not interfere with the self-assembly *** show here that the choice of solvent is crucial in the synthesis of thin films of phenylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica(benzene PMO).Methanol is found to be a better solvent for the synthesis of thin films,whereas ethanol favors the formation of(HO)3Si-C6H4-Si(OH)3 crystals,the identity and structure of which is established by X-ray diffraction.A ternary reactant composition diagram is designed to visualize the relationship among multiple synthesis experiments and to guide the interpretation of experimental results and optimization of the quality of the periodic mesoporous organosilica *** study highlights the importance of solvent choice,a factor often neglected in *** expect it to inspire researchers to explore the effect of solvent in designing the synthesis of mesoporous materials.

关键词： mesoporous materials periodic mesoporous organosilica evaporation induced self assembly thin films

用于亚洲电网大容量主干线路的电力管道线路(英文)

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高电压技术 2011年第11期37卷 2857-2865页

作者： roger faulkner Electric Pipeline Corporation One Marina Park DriveBoston MA USA

Elpipes are polymer-insulated underground HVDC electric pipelines based on metallic *** use relatively rigid extruded conductors designed for higher capacity and efficiency that are practical for overhead power *** insulation may be *** this paper,we discuss the technical trade-offs for elpipes,and application of elpipes linking load centers to remote dispatchable hydro power,energy storage sites,and large dispatchable loads,to achieve load leveling through non-local storage and dispatchable loads,via the HVDC *** with voltage source converters(VSC) enable placing many AC/DC power taps on a single HVDC *** is advantageous to build up a continental scale HVDC grid from local loops that tie together 10-20 taps.

关键词： elpipe HVDC VSC LCC gIL HTS grIDS load leveling supergrid trans-siberian railroad