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Determination of Neutron Irradiation-Induced Phosphorus Segregation on grain Boundaries in a P-doped 2.25Cr1Mo Steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2004年第1期20卷 81-85页

作者： ShenhuaSONg r.g.faulkner P.E.J.Flewitt DongdongSHEN JingLIU ZexiYUAN SchoolofMaterialsandMetallurgy WuhanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyWuhan430081China InstituteofPolymerTechnologyandMaterialsEngineering LoughboroughUniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLEll3TUUK BerkeleyCentre BNFLMagnoxGenerationBerkeleyGloucestershireGL139PBUK

Irradiation-induced impurity segregation to grain boundaries is one of the important radiation effects on materials. For this reason, phosphorus segregation to prior austenite grain boundaries in a P-doped 2.25Cr1Mo steel subjected to neutron irradiation is examined using field emission gun scanning transmission electron microscopy (FEgSTEM) with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The steel samples are irradiated around 270 and 400℃, respectively. The irradiation dose rate and dose are -1.05×10-8 dpa/s and -0.042 dpa respectively for 270℃ irradiation, and 1.7×10-8 dpa/s and 0.13 dpa respectively for 400℃ irradiation. The FEgSTEM results indicate that there is no apparent phosphorus segregation during 270℃ irradiation but there is some during 400℃ irradiation.

关键词： Neutron irradiation Segregation grain boundary Phosphorus

grAIN-BOUNDArY PrECIPITATION UNDEr IrrADIATION IN DILUTE BINArY ALLOYS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2003年第5期16卷 365-374页

作者： S.H.Song Z.X.Yuan J.Liu r.g.faulkner SchoolofMaterialsandMetallurgy WuhanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyWuhan430081China InstituteofPolymerTechnologyandMaterialsEngineering LoughboroughUniversityLoughboroughLe-icestershireLE113TUUK

Irradiation-induced grain boundary segregation of solute atoms frequently bring about grain boundary precipitation of a second phase because of its making the solubility limit of the solute surpassed at grain boundaries. Until now the kinetic models for irradiation-induced grain boundary precipitation have been sparse. For this reason, we have theoretically treated grain boundary precipitation under irradiation in dilute binary alloys. Predictions of γ' -Ni3Si precipitation at grain boundaries are made for a dilute Ni-Si alloy subjected to irradiation. It is demonstrated that grain boundary silicon segregation under irradiation may lead to grain boundary γ'-Ni3Si precipitation over a certain temperature range.

关键词： segregation precipitation grain boundary irradiation

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中子辐照诱导压力容器钢中磷的偏析

金属学报 2005年第1期41卷 79-83页

作者：吕铮 r.g.faulkner P.E.J.Flewitt IPTME Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLE11 3TUUK Stuctural Integrity BNFL Magnox GenerationBerkeley CentreBerkeleyGlos.GL13 9PBUK.

中子辐照引起的核反应堆压力容器钢中磷的晶间偏析是导致核反应堆压力容器脆性断裂的主要因素之一.本文提出了预测核反应堆压力容器钢中杂质元素(主要是磷)晶间非平衡偏析的溶质拖拽模型,并且与速率理论模型进行了对比.该模型的预测 ... 详细信息

中子辐照引起的核反应堆压力容器钢中磷的晶间偏析是导致核反应堆压力容器脆性断裂的主要因素之一.本文提出了预测核反应堆压力容器钢中杂质元素(主要是磷)晶间非平衡偏析的溶质拖拽模型,并且与速率理论模型进行了对比.该模型的预测结果与最近发表的压力容器钢(包括C-Mn和MnMoNi钢)的一些实验数据一致.

关键词：辐照偏析模拟铁素体钢

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Hf对铁素体钢中辐照引起的晶间偏析的影响

金属学报 2006年第10期42卷 1041-1045页

作者：吕铮 r.g.faulkner 坂口纪史木下博嗣高桥平七郎 P.E.J.Flewitt Institute of Polymer Technology and Materials Engineering Loughborough University LoughboroughLecestershire LE11 3TUUK Center for Advanced research of Energy Technology Hokkaido University North 13West 8Sapporo 060-8628Japan Berkeley Centre Magnox Electric BerkeleyGloucestershire GL13 9PBUK

1％Hf(质量分数)被注入E911钢中．利用250 keV的Ni离子在300℃辐照含Hf和不含Hf的E911钢,以研究Hf的添加对铁素体/马氏体钢中由辐照引起的偏析的影响．结果表明,Hf的添加抑制了晶界上P原子的富集和Cr原子的贫化．讨论和评估了Hf对自由... 详细信息

1％Hf(质量分数)被注入E911钢中．利用250 keV的Ni离子在300℃辐照含Hf和不含Hf的E911钢,以研究Hf的添加对铁素体/马氏体钢中由辐照引起的偏析的影响．结果表明,Hf的添加抑制了晶界上P原子的富集和Cr原子的贫化．讨论和评估了Hf对自由迁移的缺陷数量的影响,结合一个辐照引起的非平衡偏析(rIS)模型以预测Hf对P,Cr等元素的晶界偏析行为的作用．对预测结果和实验数据作了比较．

关键词： Hf 铁素体钢辐照偏析

Quantifying spatiotemporal variability in occupant exposure to an indoor airborne contaminant with an uncertain source location

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Building Simulation 2023年第6期16卷 889-913页

作者： John E.Castellini Jr Cary A.faulkner Wangda Zuo Michael D.Sohn Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderUCB 427BoulderCO80309USA Department Architectural Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA National renewable Energy National Laboratory GoldenCO80401USA Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA

Well-mixed zone models are often employed to compute indoor air quality and occupant exposures.While effective,a potential downside to assuming instantaneous,perfect mixing is underpredicting exposures to high intermittent concentrations within a room.When such cases are of concern,more spatially resolved models,like computational-fluid dynamics methods,are used for some or all of the zones.But,these models have higher computational costs and require more input information.A preferred compromise would be to continue with a multi-zone modeling approach for all rooms,but with a better assessment of the spatial variability within a room.To do so,we present a quantitative method for estimating a room’s spatiotemporal variability,based on influential room parameters.Our proposed method disaggregates variability into the variability in a room’s average concentration,and the spatial variability within the room relative to that average.This enables a detailed assessment of how variability in particular room parameters impacts the uncertain occupant exposures.To demonstrate the utility of this method,we simulate contaminant dispersion for a variety of possible source locations.We compute breathing-zone exposure during the releasing(source is active)and decaying(source is removed)periods.Using CFD methods,we found after a 30 minutes release the average standard deviation in the spatial distribution of exposure was approximately 28%of the source average exposure,whereas variability in the different average exposures was lower,only 10%of the total average.We also find that although uncertainty in the source location leads to variability in the average magnitude of transient exposure,it does not have a particularly large influence on the spatial distribution during the decaying period,or on the average contaminant removal rate.By systematically characterizing a room’s average concentration,its variability,and the spatial variability within the room important insights can be gained as to how much uncertainty is introduced into

关键词： uncertainty variability airborne contaminant spatiotemporal variability well-mixed heterogeneity

Fast prediction of indoor airflow distribution inspired by synthetic image generation artificial intelligence

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Building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1219-1238页

作者： Cary A.faulkner Dominik S.Jankowski John E.Castellini Jr Wangda Zuo Philipp Epple Michael D.Sohn Ali Taleb Zadeh Kasgari Walid Saad Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA HySON Institut SonnebergGermany Department of Architectural Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Coburg University of Applied SciencesCoburgGermany Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia TechArlingtonVAUSA

Prediction of indoor airflow distribution often relies on high-fidelity,computationally intensive computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations.Artificial intelligence(Al)models trained by CFD data can be used for fast and accurate prediction of indoor airflow,but current methods have limitations,such as only predicting limited outputs rather than the entire flow field.Furthermore,conventional Al models are not always designed to predict different outputs based on a continuous input range,and instead make predictions for one or a few discrete inputs.This work addresses these gaps using a conditional generative adversarial network(CgAN)model approach,which is inspired by current state-of-the-art Al for synthetic image generation.We create a new Boundary Condition CgAN(BC-CgAN)model by extending the original CgAN model to generate 2D airflow distribution images based on a continuous input parameter,such as a boundary condition.Additionally,we design a novel feature-driven algorithm to strategically generate training data,with the goal of minimizing the amount of computationally expensive data while ensuring training quality of the Al model.The BC-CgAN model is evaluated for two benchmark airflow cases:an isothermal lid-driven cavity flow and a non-isothermal mixed convection flow with a heated box.We also investigate the performance of the BC-CgAN models when training is stopped based on different levels of validation error criteria.The results show that the trained BC-CgAN model can predict the 2D distribution of velocity and temperature with less than 5%relative error and up to about 75,ooo times faster when compared to reference CFD simulations.The proposed feature-driven algorithm shows potential for reducing the amount of data and epochs required to train the Al models while maintaining prediction accuracy,particularly when the flow changes non-linearlywith respectto an input.

关键词： artificial intelligence indoor airflow conditional generative adversarial network computational fluid dynamics

Development and evaluation of corrosion resistant coating for expandable rock bolt against highly corrosive ground conditions

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第1期28卷 145-151页

作者： Kevin Jinrong Ma John Stankus Dakota faulkner Keystone Mining Services LLC of Jennmar Corporation Inc

Expandable rock bolts are widely used in hard rock mines as an efficient ground control product.However, capacity and service life can be significantly reduced if the metallic body is subjected to corrosion.In some hard rock mines in the U.S., highly corrosive ground conditions exist, and it has been reported that inflatable rock bolts have corroded within a few months after installation.To provide mining industry a cost-effective inflatable bolt and combat the corrosion issues, Jennmar Corporation, Inc.,and its subsidiary Keystone Mining Services, LLC(KMS), analyzed corroded bolt samples, identified root causes, evaluated properties of various coating materials, and developed a new inflatable rock bolt,Python M3^(TM), that is protected with an innovative PyFlexU2^(TM)coating.The new generation Python M3^(TM) features improved steel chemistry for reliable performance, modified profile for better inflation, and surface preparation and coating application.The PyFlexU2^(TM)is impervious to liquid and air, durable, and UV resistant.With a flexible, adhesive, and highly corrosion-resistant undercoating, and a very hard sacrificial surface coating, the PyFlexU2^(TM)coating system provides the Python M3^(TM)superior protection against chemical corrosion and physical scratch damage.The under-coating has exceptional flexibility and adhesion to prevent coating micro-cracks or fractures after bolt inflation and possesses excellent corrosion resistance to acids(pH 11), fuels, and salt solvents.The corrosion and scratch resistant PyFlexU2^(TM)coating offers very effective bolt protection for extra longevity in highly corrosive environments.The Python M3^(TM)coated with PyFlexU2^(TM)has been tested in the most challenging conditions,including laboratory corrosion tests in extreme acidic and basic solvents, rock slurry, and borehole scratch insertion tests.With demonstrated corrosion and scratch resistance, the product has been greatly welcomed by hard rock mines in the West and is currently installed in lar

关键词： rock bolt Hard rock Corrosive ground condition Bolt corrosion

Scientifically advanced woody media for improved water quality from livestock woodchip heavy-use areas

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 35-43页

作者： Laura Christianson David DeVallance Joshua faulkner Thomas Basden Crop Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA Wood Science and Technology West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506 USA University of Vermont Extension UVM Center for Sustainable Agriculture Burlington VT 05401 USA West Virginia University Extension West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506 USA

Overwintering cattle on pastures in many areas can damage the pasture and lead to impaired water quality. During these times, use ofa woodchip heavy-use area （HUA） presents advantages such as a soft, supportive, and dry toot surface for animals and protection of the pasture and pasture soils. However, woodchip HUAs can also be a centralized source of high nutrient loads due to their drainage outflows. A column study was conducted to assess the nutrient load reduction potential of： 1 ） six types of wood media （including torrefied wood media and biochar） that could be used in a woodchip HUA versus a gravel control, and 2） providing a 48 h retention time within the wood media to enhance nitrogen removal through denitrification. The woody media provided significant liquid waste volume reduction compared to the gravel in simulated events （53%-61% vs. 39% reductions, respectively）, and there may be additional liquid storage capacity in the woodchips not utilized during these rapid events. Substantial total nitrogen removal by the wood treatments （mean removal efficiencies 〉 50%） was observed across the sinmlated events, although nitrate leaching also occurred. Nitrate removal was enhanced during the 48 h retention test which showed removal was governed by availability of labile carbon （i.e., fresh woodchips exhibited 〉 70% nitrate removal）. The retention test also indicated biochar mixtures provided some of the best total phosphorus removal, but the greatest benefits across all parameters was provided by the Mixed Hardwood treatment.

关键词： Overwinter Heavy-use area Nutrient pollution Torrefied Woodchip

The effect of solvent in evaporation-induced self-assembly:A case study of benzene periodic mesoporous organosilica

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1920-1925页

作者： WANg WenDong faulkner Daniel MOIr Jonathon OZIN geoffrey A Materials Chemistry research group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada Department of Materials Science ＆ Engineering University of Toronto 184 College St Toronto M5S 3E4 Canada

Volatile organic solvents were considered to have little influence on the synthesis of mesostructured materials through evaporation-induced self-assembly(EISA),because upon evaporation they leave the sol and hence do not interfere with the self-assembly process.We show here that the choice of solvent is crucial in the synthesis of thin films of phenylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica(benzene PMO).Methanol is found to be a better solvent for the synthesis of thin films,whereas ethanol favors the formation of(HO)3Si-C6H4-Si(OH)3 crystals,the identity and structure of which is established by X-ray diffraction.A ternary reactant composition diagram is designed to visualize the relationship among multiple synthesis experiments and to guide the interpretation of experimental results and optimization of the quality of the periodic mesoporous organosilica film.Our study highlights the importance of solvent choice,a factor often neglected in EISA.We expect it to inspire researchers to explore the effect of solvent in designing the synthesis of mesoporous materials.

关键词：溶剂蒸发介孔材料周期性自组装诱导挥发性有机溶剂苯案例