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Developing one-dimensional implosions for inertial confinement fusion science

High Power Laser Science and engineering 2016年第4期4卷 1-7页

作者： J.L.Kline S.A.Yi A.N.Simakov r.e.olson D.C.Wilson G.A.Kyrala T.S.Perry S.H.Batha e.L.Dewald J.e.ralph D.J.Strozzi A.G.MacPhee D.A.Callahan D.Hinkel O.A.Hurricane r.J.Leeper A.B.Zylstra r.r.Peterson B.M.Haines L.Yin P.A.Bradley r.C.Shah T.Braun J.Biener B.J.Kozioziemski J.D.Sater M.M.Biener A.V.Hamza A.Nikroo L.F.Berzak Hopkins D.Ho S.LePape N.B.Meezan D.S.Montgomery W.S.Daughton e.C.Merritt T.Cardenas e.S.Dodd Los Alamos National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

experiments on the National Ignition Facility show that multi-dimensional effects currently dominate the implosion performance. Low mode implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instabilities seeded by capsule mounting features appear to be two key limiting factors for implosion performance. One reason these factors have a large impact on the performance of inertial confinement fusion implosions is the high convergence required to achieve high fusion gains.To tackle these problems, a predictable implosion platform is needed meaning experiments must trade-off high gain for performance. LANL has adopted three main approaches to develop a one-dimensional(1D) implosion platform where 1D means measured yield over the 1D clean calculation. A high adiabat, low convergence platform is being developed using beryllium capsules enabling larger case-to-capsule ratios to improve symmetry. The second approach is liquid fuel layers using wetted foam targets. With liquid fuel layers, the implosion convergence can be controlled via the initial vapor pressure set by the target fielding temperature. The last method is double shell targets. For double shells, the smaller inner shell houses the DT fuel and the convergence of this cavity is relatively small compared to hot spot ignition. However,double shell targets have a different set of trade-off versus advantages. Details for each of these approaches are described.

关键词： beryllium capsules double shells inertial confinement fusion liquid layers

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Investigating the impact of the universal function of the nuclear proximity potential in heavy-ion fusion cross sections

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期76卷 86-93页

作者： r Gharaei e Sarvari Department of Physics Sciences FacultyHakim Sabzevari UniversityPO Box 397SabzevarIran Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of MashhadPO Box 91775-1436MashhadIran Science Faculty Department of PhysicsTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran

The fusion barriers and cross sections of 15 colliding systems with 320≤Z_(1)Z_(2)≤1512 are investigated in detail to understand the influence of the universal function of proximity potential formalism in the heavy-ion fusion mechanism.To realize this goal,we select three versions of the phenomenological proximity potentials,including Prox.77,Zhang 2013,and Guo 2013,to calculate the nucleus-nucleus potential.The experimental fusion cross sections for the selected reactions are analyzed using the standard coupled-channel calculations,including couplings to the low-lying 2^(+)and 3^(-)states in the target and projectile.The calculated results show that the universal functions of the Guo 2013 and Prox.77 models provide the lowest and highest fusion barriers,respectively.In addition,it is found that the height of the fusion barriers is enhanced by increasing the mass number of the projectile from light to heavy ones.The highest sensitivity to the mass number of the projectile belongs to the results of Prox.77.A discussion is also presented on the influence of the universal function on the radial behavior of the interaction potential in the allowed region for overlapping configurations.Our results reveal that the best fit to the experimental data of the fusion cross sections for the reactions involving light and medium nuclei is obtained using the universal function of the Zhang 2013 model.For the heavier systems,the results of the Guo 2013 model at sub-barrier energies provide a good description of the available data.

关键词： fusion reactions proximity-type potentials universal function coupled-channel calculations

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Tigris, euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab river System: Historic and Modern Attempts to Manage and restore Iraq’s Lifeline

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第1期14卷 28-63页

作者： Kenneth ray olson David r. Speidel College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA US Army Iraq Mosul Iraq Foreign Agricultural Service Mahmudiyah Iraq Foreign Agricultural Service Washington D.C. USA

In Iraq, the principal rivers are the Tigris, Shatt Al-Arab and euphrates. From their headwater sources in the mountains of eastern Türkiye, these rivers descend through valleys and gorges and flow into the uplands of Syria and northern and central alluvial plain of Iraq. The euphrates and Tigris rivers confluence to form the Shatt Al-Arab river at Al-Qurnah which flows into the Persian Gulf. From sources in the Zagros Mountains other tributaries join the Tigris from the east. The Tigris and euphrates rivers flow in a southeastern direction through the central plain and discharge into the Mesopotamian Marshes, which include permanent marshes, lakes, and riparian habitat. The rivers and their tributaries drain an area of 879,790 km2 which includes almost the entire area of Iraq as well as land in Syria, Türkiye, Kuwait and Iran. The region has historical importance as part of the Fertile Crescent region and where Mesopotamian civilization first emerged. The post war reconstruction efforts in the Yusifiyah township, an important food production region for Baghdad, illustrate the importance of these water resources. In addition, the advent of soil tunnels by Iraqi insurgents within the riverine corridors will make reconstruction of this resource more complex. The primary objectives of this study are to assess lessons learned, manage, and restore the Tigris, euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab river system lifeline in Iraq.

关键词： Mesopotamian Shatt Al-Arab Iraq Tigris euphrates Baghdad Soil Tunnels Yusifiyah

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Simple collective model for nuclear chiral mode

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 1-5页

作者： r.V.Jolos e.A.Kolganova D.r.Khamitova Joint Institute for Nuclear research 141980 DubnaMoscow regionRussia Dubna State University 141982 DubnaMoscow RegionRussia

A simple semi-analytical collective model that takes into account the limitations of the variation interval of the collective variable is suggested to describe the chiral dynamics in triaxial odd−odd nuclei with a fixed particle−hole configuration.The collective Hamiltonian is constructed with the potential energy obtained using the postulated ansatz for the wave function symmetric with respect to chiral transformation.By diagonalizing the collective Hamiltonian the wave functions of the lowest states are obtained and the evolution of the energy splitting of the chiral doublets in transition from chiral vibration to chiral rotation regime is demonstrated.

关键词： collective model nuclear chiral

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2024 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities:An update of activity codes and energy expenditure values

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 18-23页

作者： Scott A.Conger Stephen D.Herrmann erik A.Willis Tom e.Nightingale Joseph r.Sherman Barbara e.Ainsworth Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham AL B152TTUK Centre for Trauma Sciences research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham AL B152TTUK College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Purpose:This paper presents an update of the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities designed for wheelchair users and is referred to as the 2024 Wheelchair Compendium.The Wheelchair Compendium aims to curate existing knowledge of the energy expenditure for wheelchair physical activities(PAs).Methods:A systematic review of the published energy expenditure of PA for wheelchair users was completed between 2011 and May 2023.We added these data to the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium data that was compiled previously in a systematic review through 2011.results:A total of 47 studies were included,and 124 different wheelchair PA reported energy expenditure values ranging from 0.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(filing papers,light effort)to 11.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(Nordic sit skiing).Conclusion:In introducing the updated 2024 Wheelchair Compendium,we hope to bridge the resource gap and challenge the prevailing narratives that inadvertently exclude wheelchair users from physical fitness and health PAs.

关键词： Disability exercise MeT Mobility

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environmental Impact of Kakhovka Dam Breach and Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant explosion on Dnieper river Landscape

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第6期14卷 353-387页

作者： Kenneth ray olson Department of Natural resources and environmental Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The Dnieper river headwaters are in russia’s Valdai Hills and the river flows south to the Black Sea. The Dnieper river provides a waterway in which to transport goods to and from various european nations. In addition, the dams on the river provide hydro power. There are approximately 2260 km of Dnieper waterways in russia, in Belarus, and within Ukraine. The Dnieper river has numerous urban centers including Smolensk in russia, Mogilev in Belarus and Kiev and Zaporizhzhya in Ukraine. The worst nuclear accident in history unfolded, in the Dnieper river watershed, in northern Ukraine as a reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded and burned. After an accident, such as Chernobyl, radionuclide contaminated bodies of water via direct deposition from the air, discharge as effluent or indirectly from catchment basin washout. When radionuclides contaminate large bodies of water, they are quickly dispersing and accumulate in water bottom sediments, benthos, aquatic plants, and bottom feeding fish. The main pathways to humans are through contamination of drinking-water, from use of water for irrigation of food crops, and consumption of contaminated fish. Kakhovka Dam on the Dnieper river was destroyed during the russian-Ukraine conflict and the dam needs to rebuild as soon as possible. Perhaps lessons learned by the US Army Corps of engineers (USACe), after using TNT to blow up the Birds Point front line levee on the Mississippi river in May of 2011, can be applied to the man-induced 2023 Kakhovka Dam breach. The Birds Point man-induced levee breaches and subsequent flooding of farmland resulted in the loss of the 2011 crops and damaged the future soil productivity. The strong current and sweep of the water through the three man-induced levee breaches on the New Madrid floodway levee created deep gullies, displaced tons of soil, and damaged irrigation equipment, farms, and homes. The New Madrid floodway agricultural lands were restored, and the environmental damages were mitigated. The Kakhovka Dam destruction

关键词： Dnieper river Ukraine New Madrid Levee TNT Chernobyl Kakhovka Dam 137Cs Black Sea Kiev

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The Need for International Cooperation between Israel and Other Middle east Nations to Protect the Jordan river Landscape

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第5期14卷 283-307页

作者： Kenneth ray olson College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The Jordan river, also referred to as Nahr Al Sharieat in Arabic, is a long river in the Middle east that flows from north to south through the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea. The Jordan river is bordered by the Golan Heights and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in the east and by Israel and the Palestinian West Bank (Judea and Samaria) in the west. Soil tunnels, including those in the Jordan river watershed and on the Israel, Syria, and Lebanon borders, have a long history of use for warfare, as invasion pathways, smuggling, and storage of rockets, missiles and ordnance and are causes of serious political tension between the countries. Soil tunnel construction and destruction often has adverse environmental and human health impacts in the Jordan river landscape. Due to agricultural wastes, the discharge of untreated sewage, and diversion of saline springs into the river water there has been serious deterioration in the water quality in the lower courses of the Jordan river. The primary objective of this research is to encourage the development of a multi-country clean-up, mitigation, and protection plan for the Jordan river.

关键词： Jordan river Jordan Israel Lebanon Syria Dead Sea Sea of Galilee Six-Day War Soil Tunnels

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Investigations of nuclear chirality at iThemba LABS

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 7-38页

作者： r.A.Bark e.A.Lawrie C.Liu S.Y.Wang iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences National Research FoundationP.O.Box 722Somerset-West 7129South Africa Department of Physics University of the Western CapePrivate Bag X177535BellvilleSouth Africa Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China

Progress in the studies of chirality in atomic nuclei at iThemba LABS is reviewed.New regions of chirality,around mass 80 and 190 have been discovered using the AFrODITe array,specifically in the nuclei^(74)As,^(78,80,82)Br,^(81)Kr,and^(193,194,198)Tl.Many phenomena have been observed,including multiple chiral bands in the same nucleus,the coexistence of octupole correlations and nuclear chirality,and the coexistence of pseudo spin and nuclear chirality.The best example of chiral degeneracy to date was found in ^(194)Tl.The level scheme of ^(106)Ag has been revisited and interpreted in terms of two-and four-quasiparticle bands.Investigations using the particle-rotor model have shown that the fingerprints of chirality in the two-quasiparticle system only can occur in an idealised model description.For systems with a higher number of quasiparticles,the calculations showed that nuclear chirality can persist.

关键词： chirality high-spin states particle-rotor model

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Nanomotion of bacteria to determine metabolic profile

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Nanotechnology and Precision engineering 2024年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： S.N.Pleskova e.V.Lazarenko N.A.Bezrukov r.N.Kriukov A.V.Boryakov M.e.Dokukin S.I.Surodin research Laboratory of Scanning Probe Microscopy Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny NovgorodNizhny Novgorod 603950Russia Department of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a.R.E.AlekseevNizhny Novgorod 603950Russia Sarov Physics and Technology Institute National Research Nuclear University MEPhISarov 607186Russia

In addition to their visible motion such as swimming(e.g.,with the help ofﬂagella),bacteria can also exhibit nanomotion that is detectable only with highly sensitive instruments,and this study shows that it is possible to detect bacterial nanomotion using an AFM detection system.The results show that the nanomotion characteristics depend on the bacterial strain,and that nanomotion can be used to sense the metabolic activity of bacteria because the oscillations are sensitive to the food preferences of the bacteria and the type of surrounding medium.

关键词： Nanomotion Bacteria Cantilever Oscillation Atomic force microscopy Metabolism

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The Volga river Is russia’s Lifeline and in Need of Maintenance, Mitigation and restoration

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第3期14卷 159-179页

作者： Kenneth ray olson Sergey Stanislavovich Chernyanskii Department of Natural resources and environmental Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA enviSoilCons Pr. Belgrade Serbia

The Volga river flows entirely through russia and the watershed includes three of the country’s ten largest cities. The river is the longest in europe and western russia’s principal waterway. The Volga river basin is home to approximately half of russia’s population and occupies almost two-fifth of european russia. It covers much of the Volga region and stretches 3530 kilometers from its source in the Valdai Hills to the Caspian Sea, the world’s largest inland water body. Its economic, cultural, and historic importance makes it one of the world’s greatest rivers. The Volga basin makes up 8 percent of the russian territory. Stalingrad, located on the banks of the Volga river, has been described as the site of the greatest de-feat in the history of the German Army. It is often identified as the turning point on the eastern Front of WWII, in the war against Germany, and in the entire WWII. The meeting point of the eurasian Civilization was historically the Volga river. The river has some of the world’s largest reservoirs and is a major source of livelihood for millions of people. Many factories and cities empty their waste including sewage, industrial waste, fertilizers, and pesticides into the Volga river. Pollutants tend to settle in the reservoirs and contain several meters of heavily contaminated muck. The primary objectives are to assess lessons learned, manage, and restore the Volga river system lifeline in russia.

关键词： Volga river Caspian Sea Soviet Union russia Germany WWII Stalin-grad Volgograd

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