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Enhancing heat transfer at the micro-scale using elastic turbulence

Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2015年第3期5卷 103-106页

作者： r.d.whalley W.M.Abed d.J.C.dennis r.J.Poole School of Engineering University of Liverpool LMFA Universite de LyonEcole Centrale de Lyon

Small concentrations of a high-molecular-weight polymer have been used to create so-called ＂elastic tur- bulence＂ in a micro-scale serpentine channel geometry. It is known that the interaction of large elastic stresses created by the shearing motion within the fluid flow with streamline curvature of the serpentine geometry leads initially to a purely-elastic instability and then the generation of elastic turbulence. We show that this elastic turbulence enhances the heat transfer at the micro-scale in this geometry by up to 300% under creeping flow conditions in comparison to that achieved by the equivalent Newtonian fluid flow.

关键词： Elastic turbulence Viscoelasticity Serpentine channel Micro-mixing Heat transfer

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Thermal Fatigue Life Estimation and Fracture Mechanics Studies of Multilayered MEMS Structures Using a Sub-domain Approach

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World Journal of Mechanics 2012年第2期2卷 61-76页

作者： A. r. Maligno d. C. whalley V. V. Silberschmidt Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Loughborough University Loughborough UK

This paper is concerned with the application of a Physics of Failure (PoF) methodology to assessing the reliability of Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) switches. Numerical simulations, based on the finite element method (FEM) using a sub-domain approach, were performed to examine the damage onset (e.g. yielding) due to temperature variations and to simulated the crack propagation different kind of loading conditions and, in particular, thermal fatigue. In this work remeshing techniques were employed in order to understand the evolution of initial flaws due, for instance, to manufacturing processes or originated after thermal fatigue.

关键词： Sub-domain FEM Thermal Fatigue Adaptive remeshing

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Are Offshore rMB Arrangements the Basis for a Long-term Exchange rate System without Convertibility?

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China & World Economy 2013年第1期21卷 26-46页

作者： John whalley Hejing Chen department of Economics Western University Western University

This paper discusses China＇s relatively new structure of dual onshore and offshore rMB markets. Its distinguishingJeature is both offshore trading at exchange rates that are market determined and onshore trading at exchange rates anchored at the official spot rate with capital account inconvertibility. We note that thus far the CNH and CNY spot rates have largely tracked each other, suggesting that the shadow priee on the convertibility constraint onshore and also the offshore diversification benefit is close to zero. However, this could change in the future. We discuss the potentialJbr the offshore rMB market to grow with trade settlement and bilateral ,swap arrangements in rMB, which would provide a big enough pool ofliquidityforthe rMB to become a vehicle currency and reserve c^rrency. These potential developments will be restrained by onshore inconvertibility, but moving to convertibility seemingly implies major change in China ＂s financial structure and the offshore rMB arrangements are only a small first step along this path. Crucial in this evolution of arrangements will be fi^ture Chinese growth performance and the relative attractiveness of onshore inconvertible but offshore marketable rA4B relative to the debt laden and slow growth currencies of the USA, the EU and Japan.

关键词： convertibility internationalization of the rMB offshore rMB market onshore . rMB market shadow price

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Plasma Virtual Actuators for Flow Control

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Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization 2015年第1期3卷 22-34页

作者： Kwing-So Choi Timothy N. Jukes richard d. whalley Lihao Feng Jinjun Wang Takayuki Matsunuma Takehiko Segawa Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham UK dyson Technology Ltd. Malmesbury UK School of Engineering University of Liverpool Liverpool UK Fluid Mechanics Key Laboratory of Education Ministry Beihang University Beijing China Energy Technology research Institute AIST Tsukuba Japan

dielectric-barrier-discharge (dBd) plasma actuators are all-electric devices with no moving parts. They are made of a simple construction, consisting only of a pair of electrodes sandwiching a dielectric sheet. When AC voltage is applied, air surrounding the upper electrode is ionized, which is attracted towards the charged dielectric surface to form a wall jet. Control of flow over land and air vehicles as well as rotational machinery can be carried out using this jet flow on demand. Here we review recent developments in plasma virtual actuators for flow control that can replace conventional actuators for better aerodynamic performance.

关键词： Flow Control dBd Plasma Actuators Aerodynamics drag reduction Turbulence

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The Cerebral Blood Flow Correlates of Emotional Facial Processing in Mild Alzheimer's disease

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2011年第1期2卷 6-13页

作者： roger T. Staff Trevor S. Ahearn Louise H. Phillips Clare Scott donald Mowat Claude Wischik Lawrence J. whalley Alison d. Murray 不详

deficits in facial emotion processing are features of mild Alzheimer’s disease (Ad). These impairments are often dis-tressing for carers as well as patients. Such non-cognitive symptoms are often cited as a contributing reason for admis-sion into institutionalised care. The ability to interpret emotional cues is crucial to healthy psychological function and relationships and impaired emotional facility may lead to antisocial behavior. Understanding the origins of the non-cognitive aspects of Ad may lead to an improvement in the management of sufferers and ease the carer burden. In a cross-sectional study we recorded patients’ facial processing abilities, (emotion and identity recognition) and disease severity (AdAS-cog, Neuropsychiatic Inventory) and investigated the regional cerebral blood flow correlates of facial emotion processing deficits using 99Tcm HMAPO rCBF SPECT. Using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) we iden-tified decreased blood flow in posterior frontal regions specifically associated with emotion perception deficits. Non-emotional facial processing abilities or disease severity. The posterior frontal lobe has been identified in previous stud-ies in the absence of dementia as being important in emotion processing. The results suggest that the cognitive disease severity, in combination with the facial processing ability, do not completely explain facial emotion processing in Ad patients and that the posterior frontal lobe mediates such behaviour.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Emotion SPECT rCBF Facial Processing dementia

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