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Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko r.C.Fear d.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev r.barnes.d.d.billet G.Chisham A.dimmock M.P.Freeman d.-S.Han M.d.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.rae L.ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SMILE data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

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Editorial for Special Issue on Multi-modal representation Learning

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Machine Intelligence research 2024年第4期21卷 615-616页

作者： deng-Ping Fan Nick barnes Ming-Ming Cheng Luc Van Gool Nankai University China&ETH ZürichSwitzerland Australian National University Australia Nankai University China ETH Zürich Switzerland

The past decade has witnessed the impressive and steady development of single-modal AI technologies in several fields,thanks to the emergence of deep *** studied,however,is multi-modal AI-commonly considered the next generation of AI-which utilizes complementary context concealed in different-modality inputs to improve *** naturally learn to form a global concept from multiple modalities(i.e.,sight,hearing,touch,smell,and taste),even when some are incomplete or ***,in addition to the two popular modalities(vision and language),other types of data such as depth,infrared information,and events are also important for multi-modal learning in real-world scenes.

关键词： modal utilize incomplete

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Charge qubits based on ultra-thin topological insulator films

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 71-81页

作者： Kexin Zhang Hugo V.Lepage Ying dong Crispin H.W.barnes research Center for Quantum Sensing Intelligent Perception Research InstituteZhejiang LabHangzhou 311121China Cavendish Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom

We study how to use the surface states in a Bi2Se3 topological insulator ultra-thin film that are affected by finite size effects for the purpose of quantum *** demonstrate that:(i)surface states under the finite size effect can effectively form a two-level system where their energy levels lie in between the bulk energy gap and a logic qubit can be constructed,(ii)the qubit can be initialized and manipulated using electric pulses of simple forms,(iii)two-qubit entanglement is achieved through a√SWAP operation when the two qubits are in a parallel setup,and(iv)alternatively,a Floquet state can be exploited to construct a qubit and two Floquet qubits can be entangled through a Controlled-NOT *** Floquet qubit offers robustness to background noise since there is always an oscillating electric field applied,and the single qubit operations are controlled by amplitude modulation of the oscillating field,which is convenient experimentally.

关键词： topological insulator quantum computing nanodevices

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rethinking Polyp Segmentation from An Out-ofdistribution Perspective

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Machine Intelligence research 2024年第4期21卷 631-639页

作者： Ge-Peng Ji Jing Zhang dylan Campbell Huan Xiong Nick barnes Australian National University Canberra 8105Australia Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence Abu Dhabi 999041UAE

Unlike existing fully-supervised approaches,we rethink colorectal polyp segmentation from an out-of-distribution perspective with a simple but effective self-supervised learning *** leverage the ability of masked autoencoders-self-supervised vision transformers trained on a reconstruction task-to learn in-distribution representations,here,the distribution of healthy colon *** then perform out-of-distribution reconstruction and inference,with feature space standardisation to align the latent distribution of the diverse abnormal samples with the statistics of the healthy *** generate per-pixel anomaly scores for each image by calculating the difference between the input and reconstructed images and use this signal for out-of-distribution(i.e.,polyp)*** results on six benchmarks show that our model has excellent segmentation performance and generalises across *** code is publicly available at https://***/GewelsJI/Polyp-OOd.

关键词： Polyp segmentation anomaly segmentation out-of-distribution segmentation masked autoencoder abdomen.

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Fibre Optic Protection System for Concrete Structures

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2006年第3期22卷 404-410页

作者： J.S.Leng A.Hameed d.Winter r.A.barnes G.C.Mays G.F.Fernando Centre for Composite Materials Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China Engineering System department defence Academy of the United Kingdom Cranfield University Shrivenham Wiltshire SN6 8LA UK

The design concepts, modelling and implementation of various fibre optic sensor protection systems for development in concrete structures were investigated. design concepts and on-site requirements for surface-mounted and embedded optical fibre sensor in concrete were addressed. Finite element （FE） modelling of selected sensor protection systems in strain-transfer efficiency from the structure to the sensing region was also studied. And experimental validation of specified sensor protection system was reported. results obtained indicate that the protection system for the sensors performs adequately in concrete environment and there is very good correlation between results obtained by the protected fibre optic sensors and conventional electrical resistance strain gauges.

关键词： Fibre optic sensor (FOS) Sensor protection system (SPS) Concrete structures Extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) sensor Smart Structures Strain transfer

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dynamic Pressures on Tunnel roofs due to Vehicle Passages

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Sound & Vibration 2018年第4期52卷 6-8页

作者： James d.barnes Ethan r.Brush Mark S.Newmark Eric E.Ungar Acentech Inc.33 Moulton StreetCambridgeMA02138USA

Pressure and proximity measurements made in a tunnel indicate that a typical vehicle passage produced on the tunnel roof an initial pressure increase of small magnitude,followed by a sharp and more substantial drop in pressure below *** magnitude of the pressure drop was found to increase with smaller clearances between the vehicle top and the tunnel roof,consistent with the Bernoulli relation and the vehicle *** dynamic pressures potentially may have significant effects on the vibration and noise environments on the lower floors of“air rights construction”buildings that span highways.

关键词： Pressure pulses vehicle passages tunnel roofs

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Optimal orientations of discrete global grids and the Poles of Inaccessibility

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International Journal of digital Earth 2020年第7期13卷 803-816页

作者： richard barnes Energy&resources Group BerkeleyUSA Electrical Engineering&Comptuer Science BerkeleyUSA

Spatial analyses involving binning often require that every bin have the same area,but this is impossible using a rectangular grid laid over the Earth or over any projection of the *** global grids use hexagons,triangles,and diamonds to overcome this issue,overlaying the Earth with equally-sized *** discrete global grids are formed by tiling the faces of a ***,the orientations of these polyhedra have been chosen to satisfy only simple criteria such as equatorial symmetry or minimizing the number of vertices intersecting ***,projection distortion and singularities in discrete global grids mean that such simple orientations may not be sufficient for all use ***,I present an algorithm for finding suitable orientations;this involves solving a nonconvex optimization *** a side-effect of this study I show that Fuller’s dymaxion map corresponds closely to one of the optimal orientations I find.I also give new high-accuracy calculations of the Poles of Inaccessibility,which show that Point Nemo,the Oceanic Pole of Inaccessibility,is 15 km farther from land than previously recognized.

关键词： discrete grid geographic information system(GIS) geoinformatics supercomputer projections spatial statistics

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Pillar One and Pillar Two:The Well-Intentioned(But Unfortunate)Pursuit of Perfection

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Belt and road Initiative Tax Journal 2022年第2期3卷 83-90页

作者： Peter A.barnes duke Center for International development duke University

Editor’s Note:Peter barnes offers a critique of the OECd’s Pillars One and Two proposals;he lauds the OECd’s goals but expresses concern that the proposals depend on unrealistic *** rosenbloom,in a companion commentary,goes further and says the proposals are too complex to work in today’s international tax *** authors1 believe the OECd’s goal of increasing source jurisdiction taxation can be achieved in other simpler ways.

关键词： Perfect simpler environment

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An Overview of MOdIS radiometric Calibration and Characterization

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 69-79页

作者： Xiaoxiong XIONG William barnes Earth Sciences directorate NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 USA

The Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MOdIS） is one of the key instruments for NASA＇s Earth Observing System （EOS）, currently operating on both the Terra and Aqua satellites. The MOdIS is a major advance over the previous generation of sensors in terms of its spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions. It has 36 spectral bands： 20 reflective solar bands （rSB） with center wavelengths from 0.41 to 2.1 μm and 16 thermal emissive bands （TEB） with center wavelengths from 3.7 to 14.4 μm, making observations at three spatial resolutions： 250 m （bands 1-2）, 500 m （bands 3-7）, and lkm （bands 8-36）. MOdIS is a cross-track scanning radiometer with a wide field-of-view, providing a complete global coverage of the Earth in less than 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua MOdIS went through extensive pre-launch calibration and characterization at various levels. In orbit, the calibration and characterization tasks are performed using its on-board calibrators （OBCs） that include a solar diffuser （Sd） and a solar diffuser stability monitor （SdSM）, a v-grooved flat panel blackbody （BB）, and a spectro-radiometric calibration assembly （SrCA）. In this paper, we present an overview of MOdIS calibration and characterization activities, methodologies, and lessons learned from pre-launch characterization and in-orbit operation. Key issues discussed in this paper include in-orbit efforts of monitoring the noise characteristics of the detectors, tracking the solar diffuser and optics degradations, and updating the sensor＇s response versus scan angle. The experiences and lessons learned through MOdIS have played and will continue to play major roles in the design and characterization of future sensors.

关键词： EOS remote sensing Terra Aqua MOdIS sensor calibration radiometry

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Engel Subalgebras of n-Lie Algebras

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2008年第1期24卷 159-166页

作者： donald W.barnes 1 Little Wonga rd

Engel subalgebras of finite-dimensional n-Lie algebras are shown to have similar properties to those of Lie algebras. Using these, it is shown that an n-Lie algebra, all of whose maximal subalgebras are ideals, is nilpotent. A primitive 2-soluble n-Lie algebra is shown to split over its minimal ideal, and all the complements to its minimal ideal are conjugate. A subalgebra is shown to be a Cartan subalgebra if and only if it is minimal Engel, provided that the field has sufficiently many elements. Cartan subalgebras are shown to have a property analogous to intravariance.

关键词： n-Lie algebras soluble nilpotent Engel subalgebras

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