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上海环境科学 1994年第8期13卷 30-32,39页

作者：柳洪 david barnes rob(rooks) 常州市环保局常州213003 Sinclair Knight & Partners Pty Ltd Australia

根据目前已建立的基本水质数据库,对大运河常州段的水质现状和趋势作了分析。利用质量平衡,建立了污染物量和水质之间的直观关系,发现了繁忙的机动船只运输对运河产生油污染的同时,会对水体中溶解氧产生有益的贡献。

关键词：水质评质影响因素分析大运河

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NMO拉伸再认识

国外油气勘探 1993年第5期 576-579页

作者： Arthur E.barnes 刘学军

引言应用动校正(NMO)将地震反射资料中的非零炮检距记录道转换成看来好像是零炮检距的记录道,就会产生所不希望的畸变,叫做 NMO 拉伸(Buchholtz,1972)。NMO 拉伸把波形拉长,从而降低分辨率,因此有必要对 NMO 拉伸进行研究。Buchholtz(19... 详细信息

引言应用动校正(NMO)将地震反射资料中的非零炮检距记录道转换成看来好像是零炮检距的记录道,就会产生所不希望的畸变,叫做 NMO 拉伸(Buchholtz,1972)。NMO 拉伸把波形拉长,从而降低分辨率,因此有必要对 NMO 拉伸进行研究。Buchholtz(1972)给NMO 拉伸作了一个定性评价,dunkin 和 Levin(1973)推导了它对窄波形振幅谱的影响,Yilmaz(1987)研究了它对主频的影响,这些研究工作都是近似的,都没有展示谱的畸变是

关键词： NMO拉伸瞬时频率瞬时功率谱非线性畸变

diastrophism and geologic Periods - The great debate

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Diastrophism and Geologic Periods - The Great Debate

Sensory Consciousness is Experienced through amplification of Sensory Stimuli via Lateral Inhibition

第四届世界华人地质科学研讨会

作者： H．L．barnes M．A．Arthur department of geosciences Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802U．S．A． department of geosciences Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802U．S．A．

＜正＞Because the standard geologic column has been defined globally, the environmental changes that separated periods oust have been caused by processes that affected the surface of much of the earth. Only two feasible phenomena involve sufficient energy for such vast effects: large-scale volcanism, especially flood

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2017年第3期7卷 244-256页

作者： ravinder Jerath Shannon M. Cearley ruchir Paladiya Vernon A. barnes Augusta Women’s Center Augusta GA USA georgia Prevention Institute Augusta University Augusta GA USA

At present, researchers are unclear about which activity within the brain is responsible for the emergence of consciousness—the subconscious or unconscious. Current literature suggests that consciousness is isolated in the brain;however, we suggest consciousness emerges from both—subconscious and unconscious activity, in addition to sensory consciousness. This article contends that sensory consciousness arises from neurophysiological brain activity, intrapersonal space, sensory information, and parallel processing of the external and internal environment through vision, olfaction, the integumentary system, gustation, and audition. Traditionally, lateral inhibition is defined as the ability for an excited neuron to laterally inhibit its neighbors, and is an integral part of neurophysiology in all senses. In this article, we are connecting the science behind the well-established physiological observations of gamma wave activity in the interneurons of peripheral receptors with what is currently unknown regarding the functional significance of seemingly unrelated gamma activity in the cortico-thalamic gamma oscillations. We suggest that this allows for instantaneous integration of the brain with sensory receptors. This article uses existing literature on lateral inhibition to investigate its role in sensory organs and various areas of the body. We explain how sensory consciousness is only one component of unified consciousness. We propose that lateral inhibition also plays a vital role in consciousness theory, and understanding this can help illustrate the dynamic interactions between the central and peripheral nervous systems within the body.

关键词： Sensory Consciousness Lateral Inhibition Sensory Perception Sensory Stimuli amplification 3d default Space Unified Consciousness

Juvenile rainbow trout responses to diets containing distillers dried grain with solubles, phytase, and amino acid supplements

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2012年第2期2卷 69-77页

作者： Michael E. barnes Michael L. Brown Kurt A. rosentrater department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Iowa State University Ames USA department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences South Dakota State University Brookings USA South dakota department of game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish USA

distillers dried grain with solubles (ddgS) was evaluated in juvenile Shasta-strain rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss diets during a 36-day feeding trial. Two experimental diets containing either 10% or 20% ddgS with supplemented amino acids (lysine, methionine, isoleucine, and his-tidine) and phytase were compared to a fish meal-only control diet. Tanks of trout receiving diets containing either concentration of ddgS weighed significantly less at the end of the trial and had significantly poorer feed conversion ratios than tanks of fish being fed the fish meal- only control. There was no significant difference in individual fish length, weight, condition factor, or any fish health measurements among diet treatments. Both the hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index were significantly less in the fish fed 10% ddgS than those fed the control diet. Body fat was significantly greater in the fish receiving 20% ddgS compared to fish fed either of the other two diets. Fillet composition, as determined by crude protein, crude lipid, ash, and water, was not significantly different among fish reared on any of the diets. There was also no significant difference in estimated protein digestibility coefficients among fish receiving any of the diets. The results suggest that ddgS, even if supplemented with essential amino acids and phytase, will lead to decreased juvenile rainbow trout growth at dietary concentrations of at 10% or greater.

关键词： rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ddgS diet Alternative Proteins

Exercise and Structure Improve Juvenile Chinook Salmon rearing Performance

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2021年第2期11卷 80-91页

作者： Jill M. Voorhees Nathan Huysman Eric Krebs Michael E. barnes South dakota department of game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish SD USA

This experiment evaluated the use of an exercise routine and vertically-sus-pended structure during juvenile landlocked fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; mean ± SE, initial weight 1.47 ± 0.03 g, total length 56.4 ± 0.4 mm) rearing. Four treatments were used: 1) no exercise routine nor vertically-suspended structure, 2) exercise and structure, 3) exercise and no structure, and 4) no exercise and structure. Water velocities in tanks without exercise were 12 cm/s, where-as the exercise routine consisted of seven days at 12 cm/s followed by seven days at 18 cm/s. The structure was an array consisting of four vertically-suspended aluminum angles. Total tank gain and percent gain were significantly greater after 50 days in the tanks of salmon subjected to the exercise routine and structure compared to the three other treatments. Gain and percent gain were also significantly greater in the tanks receiving structure without exercise compared to tanks with exercise and no structure or tanks with neither exercise nor structure. Feed conversion ratio was signifamily:Verdana;">icantly improved in the salmon tanks w

关键词： Environmental Enrichment Salmonid Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Vertically-Suspended

The dynamic role of Breathing and Cellular Membrane Potentials in the Experience of Consciousness

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2017年第1期7卷 66-81页

作者： ravinder Jerath Shannon M. Cearley Vernon A. barnes Santiago Junca Charitable Medical Healthcare Foundation Augusta GA USA georgia Prevention Institute Augusta University Augusta GA USA Santiago Junca Medical Illustration Tucker GA USA

Understanding the mechanics of consciousness remains one of the most important challenges in modern cognitive science. One key step toward understanding consciousness is to associate unconscious physiological processes with subjective experiences of sensory, motor, and emotional contents. This article explores the role of various cellular membrane potential differences and how they give rise to the dynamic infrastructure of conscious experience. This article explains that consciousness is a body-wide, biological process not limited to individual organs because the mind and body are unified as one entity;therefore, no single location of consciousness can be pinpointed. Consciousness exists throughout the entire body, and unified consciousness is experienced and maintained through dynamic repolarization during inhalation and expiration. Extant knowledge is reviewed to provide insight into how differences in cellular membrane potential play a vital role in the triggering of neural and non-neural oscillations. The role of dynamic cellular membrane potentials in the activity of the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, cardiorespiratory system, and various other tissues (such as muscles and sensory organs) in the physiology of consciousness is also explored. Inspiration and expiration are accompanied by oscillating membrane potentials throughout all cells and play a vital role in subconscious human perception of feelings and states of mind. In addition, the role of the brainstem, hypothalamus, and complete nervous system (central, peripheral, and autonomic) within the mind-body space combine to allow consciousness to emerge and to come alive. This concept departs from the notion that the brain is the only organ that gives rise to consciousness.

关键词： Membrane Potential Unified Consciousness respiration Thalamus Oscillations

Thermal Tempering does Not Impact rainbow Trout and Brown Trout Survival

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2020年第7期11卷 345-353页

作者： Nathan Huysman Jill M. Voorhees Eric Krebs Michael E. barnes South dakota department of game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish SD USA

Hatchery-reared fish are frequently adjusted (tempered) to the higher water temperatures present in the water bodies where they are to be stocked. This study was undertaken to determine the necessity of such tempering practices. This study used rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) reared at 11.2°C. The first two trials for each species were designed to simultaneously determine the upper incipient lethal temperature and 100% lethal temperature over a 14-day period. The third trial for each species evaluated the effects of an exaggerated 12-hour tempering regime on fish survival after placement in elevated water temperatures. After transfer from a water temperature of 11.2°C, no rainbow trout survived at 26°C, and only 50% survived at 25°C. No brown trout survived at 22°C and only 50% at 20°C. Survival of rainbow trout was not improved by the 12-hour tempering regime where water temperatures were slowly increased from 11.2°C to either 25°C or 26°C. Similarly, tempering did not improve brown trout survival at either 20°C or 22°C. These results suggest that tempering is not needed when hatchery-reared trout are reared and stocked at the water temperatures within the range of those used in this study.

关键词： Tempering rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Brown Trout Salmo trutta Temperature

Sutureless Implantation of Acoustic Transmitters in rainbow Trout Exceeding 2% Tag-to-Body ratio

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 265-271页

作者： Ashley Kelican Nathan Huysman Jill M. Voorhees Michael E. barnes South dakota department of game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish USA

A novel sutureless surgical technique has been successfully used to implant acoustic transmitters in relatively large rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with a tag-to-body-ratio of 0.88%. This study examined the same technique in smaller rainbow trout in two, 12-week trials comparing both sutured and sutureless surgical techniques. In the first trial using a tag-to-body-ratio of 1.9% ± 0.04%, tag retention was only 16.6% in fish without sutures, which was significantly lower than the 83.3% retention with sutured incisions. Similarly, in the second trial with a tag-to-body-ratio of 3.2% ± 0.03%, tag retention was 55.5% without sutures, which was significantly lower than the 90.0% retention using sutures. Mortality was not significantly different between treatments in either trial. The results of this study indicate that sutures must be used during surgeries to implant acoustic transmitters in relatively smaller fish with tag-to-body-ratios at or above 1.9%.

关键词： rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Surgery Acoustic Transmitter

Thermal Tempering does Not Increase the Survival of Eyed Salmonid Eggs

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2021年第3期11卷 287-293页

作者： Lynn Slama Nathan Huysman Jill M. Voorhees Michael E. barnes South dakota department of game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish South Dakota USA

Eyed salmonid eggs can be subjected to large temperature swings during development, particularly when shipped in ice-filled containers from broodstock facilities to production hatcheries. This study examined the effect of thermal tempering on the survival of brown trout Salmo trutta and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eyed eggs to hatch. Eyed eggs at 1°C were either directly placed in 11°C water or allowed to thermally temper from 1°C to 11°C gradually over an hour. In addition, each of the tempering treatments occurred either with or without a 10-minute iodophor disinfection treatment. Tempering had no significant effect on survival-to-hatch in either species (85% - 97%). However, survival was significantly lower in rainbow trout eggs subjected to iodine disinfection (73% - 75%) compared to non-disinfected eggs (91% - 97%), likely because of the close proximity to hatch. The results of this study indicate that slowly raising the temperature (thermal tempering) of brown trout and rainbow trout eyed eggs is unnecessary. Additionally, iodine disinfection of eyed salmonid eggs in close proximity to hatching should be avoided.

关键词： Tempering Trout Eggs Salmonid Iodophor