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Analysis and Optimization of Operational and Pollutant Attributes of Diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Orange Peel Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 761-778页

作者： ranjeet rAI r.r.SAHOO Mechanical Engineering Department GLA UniversityMathura281406India Mechanical Engineering Department IIT(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The current study is performed to find sustainable solutions for the future of transportation and environmental well-being.Both conventional methods and experimental design table(L16 Orthogonal Array)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-powered engine's operational and pollutant parameters.The L16 Orthogonal Array is obtained through Taguchi's experimental design approach using Minitab 16 software.The experimental design incorporated three control variables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four levels.The operational parameters,namely brake thermal efficiency(BTE)and brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC),as well as the emission characteristics,including hydrocarbon(HC),carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,were acquired using the L16 orthogonal array(OA) and subsequently examined.The utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio and grey analysis was employed to determine the optimal operational state of the engine to achieve maximum performance while minimizing emissions.The engine's ideal state of operation,in terms of BTE and BSFC,was determined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r/min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) carbon nanotube incorporated 20% orange peel biodiesel(OPB20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-B1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced BTE and BSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contribution factors,respectively.At 25% engine load,1000 r/min,and OPB20CNT100 fuel(A1-B1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions were the lowest.Engine load affects emissions the most.Engine BSFC increased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.BTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decreased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,respectively,at optimal operating conditions concerning diesel fuel.This study shows that Taguchi-Grey's experimental design optimizes diesel engine operational and pollutant attributes.The outcomes revealed that orange peel biodiesel infused with CNT can replace diesel fuel in an environmentally friendly way.This alternative

关键词： Taguchi-Grey method OPB20CNT100 transesterification S/N ratio GrG HC CO and NO

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Treat to target in Crohn’s disease:A practical guide for clinicians

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第1期30卷 50-69页

作者： Ashish r Srinivasan Department of Gastroenterology Austin HealthVictoriaMelbourne 3083Australia Department of Gastroenterology Eastern HealthVictoriaMelbourne 3128Australia Department of Medicine University of MelbourneVictoriaMelbourne 3052Australia

A treat-to-target(T2T)approach applies the principles of early intervention and tight disease control to optimise long-term outcomes in Crohn's disease.The Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease(STrIDE)-II guidelines specify short,intermediate,and long-term treatment goals,documenting specific treatment targets to be achieved at each of these timepoints.Scheduled appraisal of Crohn’s disease activity against pre-defined treatment targets at these timepoints remains central to determining whether current therapy should be continued or modified.Consensus treatment targets in Crohn’s disease comprise combination clinical and patient-reported outcome remission,in conjunction with biomarker normalisation and endoscopic healing.Although the STrIDE-II guidelines endorse the pursuit of endoscopic healing,clinicians must consider that this may not always be appropriate,acceptable,or achievable in all patients.This underscores the need to engage patients at the outset in an effort to personalise care and individualise treatment targets.The use of non-invasive biomarkers such as faecal calprotectin in conjunction with cross-sectional imaging techniques,particularly intestinal ultrasound,holds great promise;as do emerging treatment targets such as transmural healing.Two randomised clinical trials,namely,CALM and STArDUST,have evaluated the efficacy of a T2T approach in achieving endoscopic endpoints in patients with Crohn’s disease.Findings from these studies reflect that patient subgroups and Crohn’s disease characteristics likely to benefit most from a T2T approach,remain to be clarified.Moreover,outside of clinical trials,data pertaining to the real-world effectiveness of a T2T approach remains scare,highlighting the need for pragmatic real-world studies.Despite the obvious promise of a T2T approach,a lack of guidance to support its integration into real-world clinical practice has the potential to limit its uptake.This highlights the need to describe strategies,processes,and models of care capable of

关键词： Treat to target Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Treatment targets Endoscopic remission Transmural healing Time to response Intestinal ultrasound

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Kinematic analysis of flexible bipedal robotic systems

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 795-818页

作者： r.FAZEL A.M.SHAFEI S.r.NEKOO Department of Mechanical Engineering Shahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman ***Iran Departamento de Ingenieria de Sistemas y Automatica Escuela Técnica Superior de IngenieriaUniversidad de SevillaSeville 41092Spain

In spite of its intrinsic complexities,the passive gait of bipedal robots on a sloping ramp is a subject of interest for numerous researchers.What distinguishes the present research from similar works is the consideration of flexibility in the constituent links of this type of robotic systems.This is not a far-fetched assumption because in the transient(impact)phase,due to the impulsive forces which are applied to the system,the likelihood of exciting the vibration modes increases considerably.Moreover,the human leg bones that are involved in walking are supported by viscoelastic muscles and ligaments.Therefore,for achieving more exact results,it is essential to model the robot links with viscoelastic properties.To this end,the Gibbs-Appell formulation and Newton's kinematic impact law are used to derive the most general form of the system's dynamic equations in the swing and transient phases of motion.The most important issue in the passive walking motion of bipedal robots is the determination of the initial robot configuration with which the system could accomplish a periodic and stable gait solely under the effect of gravitational force.The extremely unstable nature of the system studied in this paper and the vibrations caused by the impulsive forces induced by the impact of robot feet with the inclined surface are some of the very serious challenges encountered for achieving the above-mentioned goal.To overcome such challenges,an innovative method that uses a combination of the linearized equations of motion in the swing phase and the algebraic motion equations in the transition phase is presented in this paper to obtain an eigenvalue problem.By solving this problem,the suitable initial conditions that are necessary for the passive gait of this bipedal robot on a sloping surface are determined.The effects of the characteristic parameters of elastic links including the modulus of elasticity and the Kelvin-Voigt coefficient on the walking stability of this type of robotic systems are also studied.The findings o

关键词： bipedal robot flexible link swing phase transient phase eigenvalue problem Kelvin-Voigt coefficient

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Neurogenic potential of NG2 in neurotrauma:a systematic review

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第12期19卷 2673-2683页

作者： Yuri r.rigo radharani Benvenutti Luis V.Portela Nathan r.Strogulski Departamento de Bioquímica Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS)Porto AlegreBrazil School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences RCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinUniversity of DublinDublinIreland

regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of research.This is reflected in a large disparity between the number of studies investigating primary and secondary injury as therapeutic to rgets in spinal co rd and traumatic brain injuries.Significant advances in biotechnology may have the potential to reshape the current state-of-the-art and bring focus to primary injury neurotrauma research.recent studies using neural-glial factor/antigen 2(NG2)cells indicate that they may differentiate into neurons even in the developed brain.As these cells show great potential to play a regenerative role,studies have been conducted to test various manipulations in neurotrauma models aimed at eliciting a neurogenic response from them.In the present study,we systematically reviewed the experimental protocols and findings described in the scientific literature,which were peer-reviewed original research articles(1)describing preclinical experimental studies,(2)investigating NG2 cells,(3)associated with neurogenesis and neurotrauma,and(4)in vitro and/or in vivo,available in PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science or SCOPUS,from 1998 to 2022.Here,we have reviewed a total of 1504 papers,and summarized findings that ultimately suggest that NG2 cells possess an inducible neurogenic potential in animal models and in vitro.We also discriminate findings of NG2 neurogenesis promoted by different pharmacological and genetic approaches over functional and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury and spinal co rd injury models,and provide mounting evidence for the potential benefits of manipulated NG2 cell ex vivo transplantation in primary injury treatment.These findings indicate the feasibility of NG2 cell neurogenesis strategies and add new players in the development of therapeutic alternatives for neurotrauma.

关键词： neural-glial antigen 2 neural-glial factor 2 neuron differentiation NG2 cell regeneration spinal cord injury(SCI) traumatic brain injury(TBI)

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Transcranial photobiomodulation for the brain: a wide range of clinical applications

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第3期19卷 483-484页

作者： Michael r.Hamblin Laser research Centre Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of Johannesburg-Doornfontein CampusDoornfonteinSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation therapy(PBMT)is a rapidly growing approach to the healing,stimulation,protection,and regeneration of many human organs and tissue types.PBMT started in the 1960s as low-level laser therapy for wound healing,but since then the introduction of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)has dramatically increased the number of applications and reports of positive results.PBMT generally uses red(620-700 nm)and/or near-infrared(780-1270 nm)wavelengths of light at an intensity that causes no tissue heating,and its activity is based on well-established biological and cellular mechanisms(de Freitas and Hamblin,2016).While laser therapists continue to use various types of laser in their office practice,LEDs are ideally suited for home use devices because they are completely safe and without any known significant adverse effects.Among the various body parts on which PBMT has been shown to exert beneficial effects,the brain stands out as perhaps the most promising overall.PBMT has been shown to reduce neuroinflammation,while increasing mitochondrial function,oxygen consumption,and blood flow within the brain(Hamblin,2016).Moreover,PBMT can stimulate the processes of synaptogenesis,neurogenesis,and neuroplasticity thus helping the brain to heal itself.

关键词： healing stimulation wound

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泥河湾更新世哺乳动物牙齿釉质碳同位素组成与环境变迁（英文）

泥河湾更新世哺乳动物牙齿釉质碳同位素组成与环境变迁（英文）

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第七届中国古脊椎动物学学术年会

作者：董军社王杨 r.amundson 邓涛中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所美国佛罗里达州立大学地质系美国加利福利亚大学生态系统科学部(Berkeley)

泥河湾盆地以丰富的旧石器遗存和出露完全的第四纪沉积序列而闻名于世。该盆地的沉积以河湖相为主,时代分布从上新世直至全新世。对泥河湾盆地几个更新世文化遗址的哺乳类化石牙齿釉质的同位素分析反映了古环境的重大变迁:早更新世样品... 详细信息

泥河湾盆地以丰富的旧石器遗存和出露完全的第四纪沉积序列而闻名于世。该盆地的沉积以河湖相为主,时代分布从上新世直至全新世。对泥河湾盆地几个更新世文化遗址的哺乳类化石牙齿釉质的同位素分析反映了古环境的重大变迁:早更新世样品的δC值从-10.4‰至-0.1‰,显示食草动物食性的变化,从纯粹取食C植物到纯粹取食C植物,这说明早更新世该地区的生态系统中C植物是重要的组成部分;中更新世样品的δC值从-11.3‰到-5.1‰,显示食草动物由取食纯粹的C植物变为C/C的混合类型,C植物在中更新世仍然是当地植物群的重要组成部分;晚更新世样品的δC值从-9‰到-11.7‰,显示食草动物主要以C植物为食,在本地区的生态系统中C植物(如乔木和灌木)占统治地位。此项研究对了解在东亚人类进化和文化发展过程中环境变迁的影响有重要的指示意义。

关键词：泥河湾古人类遗址碳同位素环境变迁更新世

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Holographic dark energy in non-conserved gravity theory

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第4期76卷 126-133页

作者： H r Fazlollahi Institute of Gravitation and Cosmology Peoples Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University)6 Miklukho-Maklaya StMoscow117198Russia

recently,reconsidering the rastall ideaT■=a,_(μ) through relativistic thermodynamics gives a new form for the scalar field which led us to construct modern modified theory of gravity debugged'non-conserved gravity theory'Fazlollahi 2023 Euro.Phys.J.C 83923.This theory unlike other modified theories of gravity cannot directly explain the current acceleration expansion in the absence of the cosmological constant and or existence of other forms of dark energy.Hence,in this study we have reinvestigated holographic dark energy in the non-conserved theory of gravity.In this context,the density and pressure of dark energy depend on the non-conserved term and density of the dust matter field.As shown,due to non-conservation effects on large-scale structures,unlike the original holographic model,our model onsets an acceleration epoch for the current Universe satisfies observations.Moreover,the interaction and viscous scenarios are studied for this model.

关键词： non-conserved gravity covariant form of thermodynamics holographic dark energy

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Pile foundation in alternate layered liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil deposits subjected to earthquake loading

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 359-376页

作者： Praveen Huded M Suresh r Dash LEA Associates South East Asia Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi 110044India Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Khurda 752050India

Pile foundations are still the preferred foundation system for high-rise structures in earthquake-prone regions.Pile foundations have experienced failures in past earthquakes due to liquefaction.research on pile foundations in liquefiable soils has primarily focused on the pile foundation behavior in two or three-layered soil profiles.However,in natural occurrence,it may occur in alternative layers of liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil.However,the experimental and/or numerical studies on the layered effect on pile foundations have not been widely addressed in the literature.Most of the design codes across the world do not explicitly mention the effect of sandwiched non-liquefiable soil layers on the pile response.In the present study,the behavior of an end-bearing pile in layered liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil deposit is studied numerically.This study found that the kinematic bending moment is higher and governs the design when the effect of the sandwiched non-liquefied layer is considered in the analysis as opposed to when its effect is ignored.Therefore,ignoring the effect of the sandwiched non-liquefied layer in a liquefiable soil deposit might be a nonconservative design approach.

关键词： pile foundation liquefaction alternately layered soil fixity effect layered effect

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rodent biology and ecologically based rodent management(EBrM)-25 years of progress through promoting multidisciplinary research

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Grant r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS rhodes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natural resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIrO Health and Biosecurity Canberra ACT Australia African Centre of Excellence for Innovative rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“During rodent outbreak years in eastern Africa,lo-cally,more than 80%of the potential harvest may be lost,but even in non-outbreak periods,rodents cause chronic damage to crops….The pest rodent story in Africa in-volves several species embedded in a broad and variable landscape with highly variable densities.”(Leirs et al.2010).

关键词： damage crops

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Conservation laws,Lie symmetries,self adjointness,and soliton solutions for the Selkov–Schnakenberg system

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第2期76卷 29-44页

作者： Kashif Ali Aly r Seadawy Syed T r rizvi Noor Aziz Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusPakistan Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceTaibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawarah41411Saudi Arabia

In this article,we explore the famous Selkov–Schnakenberg(SS)system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)for Lie symmetry analysis,self-adjointness,and conservation laws.Moreover,miscellaneous soliton solutions like dark,bright,periodic,rational,Jacobian elliptic function,Weierstrass elliptic function,and hyperbolic solutions of the SS system will be achieved by a well-known technique called sub-ordinary differential equations.All these results are displayed graphically by 3D,2D,and contour plots.

关键词： Selkov-Schnakenberg system Lie symmetry analysis conservation laws adjointness integrability

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