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Temperature and mass scaling affect cutaneous and pulmonary respiratory performance in a diving frog

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第5期16卷 712-728页

作者： ryan B.MCWHINNIE Jason P.SCKrABULIS Thomas r.rAFFEL Department of Biological Sciences Oakland UniversityRochesterMichiganUSA

Global climate change is altering patterns of temperature variation,with unpredictable consequences for species and *** Metabolic Theory of Ecology(MTE)provides a powerful framework for predicting climate change impacts on ectotherm metabolic *** postulates that physiological and ecological processes are limited by organism metabolic rates,which scale predictably with body mass and *** purpose of this study was to determine if different metabolic proxies generate different empirical estimates of key MTE model parameters for the aquatic frog Xenopus laevis when allowed to exhibit normal diving *** used a novel methodological approach in combining a flow-through respirometry setup with the open-source Arduino platform to measure mass and temperature effects on 4 different proxies for whole-body metabolism(total O_(2) consumption,cutaneous O_(2) consumption,pulmonary O_(2) consumption,and ventilation frequency),following thermal acclimation to one of 3 temperatures(8℃,17℃,or 26℃).Different metabolic proxies generated different mass-scaling exponents(b)and activation energy(EA)estimates,highlighting the importance of metabolic proxy selection when parameterizing MTE-derived *** acclimated to 17℃ had higher O_(2) consumption across all temperatures,but thermal acclimation did not influence estimates of key MTE parameters EA and *** respiration generated lower MTE parameters than pulmonary respiration,consistent with temperature and mass constraints on dissolved oxygen availability,SA:V ratios,and diffusion distances across *** results show that the choice of metabolic proxy can have a big impact on empirical estimates for key MTE model parameters.

关键词： African clawed frog amphibian pneumotachography thermal biology

retrofit of ressalat jacket platform (Persian Gulf) using friction damper device

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2011年第9期12卷 680-691页

作者： Y. KOMACHI M. r. TABESHPOUr A. A. GOLAFSHANI I. MUALLA Department of Civil Engineering Pardis Branch Islamic Azad University Faculty of Engineering Sabzevar Tarbiat Moallem University Department of Civil Engineering Sharif University of Technology DAMPTECH Ltd. Denmark Technical University

A friction damper device (FDD) is used for vibration control of an existing steel jacket platform under seismic excitation. First, the damping is presented for vibration mitigation of structures located in seismically active zones. A new method for quick design of friction or yielding damping devices is presented. The effectiveness of the damping system employing such FDDs in a jacket platform is evaluated numerically. The influence of key parameters of the damping system on the vibration suppression of the offshore structure is studied in detail. To examine the vibration control effectiveness of the FDD for the jacket platform, performance of the controlled structure under the seismic forces is studied using numerical simulations. A parametric study is undertaken to discover the optimized slip load and brace area of the FDD. It is shown that the FDD is effective in mitigating the dynamic responses of the offshore platform structure.

关键词：夹克衫近海站台地震翻新磨擦更潮湿的设备(软式磁碟机)

Damage and geological assessment of the 18 September 2011 M_w 6.9 earthquake in Sikkim,India using very high resolution satellite data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第6期6卷 793-805页

作者： Tapas r.Martha K.Babu Govindharaj K.Vinod Kumar National remote Sensing Centre(NrSC) Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO)

Post-disaster very high resolution（VHr） satellite data are potential sources to provide detailed information on damage and geological changes for a large area in a short *** this paper,we studied landslides triggered by the M_w 6.9 earthquake in Sikkim,India which occurred on 18 September 2011 using VHr data from Cartosat-1,GeoEye-1,QuickBird-2 and WorldView-2 *** the earthquake-affected area is located in mostly inaccessible Himalayan terrain,VHr data from these satellites provided a unique opportunity for quick and synoptic assessment of the *** visual change analysis technique through comparison of pre- and post-earthquake images,we assessed the damage caused by the event.A total of 123 images acquired from eight satellites,covering an area of4105 km2 were analysed and 1196 new landslides triggered by the earthquake were *** blockages and severely affected villages were also *** assessment of the terrain highlighted linear disposition of landslides along existing fault scarps,suggesting a reactivation of *** landslide inventory map prepared from VHr images also showed a good correlation with the earthquake shake *** showed that several parts of north Sikkim,particularly Mangan and Chungthang,which are close to the epicentre,were severely affected by the earthquake,and that the event-based landslide inventory map can be used in future earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility assessment studies.

关键词： International Charter Damage Landslide Fault VHr Disaster

Macro and micro issues in turbulent mixing

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2013年第10期56卷 2355-2360页

作者： MELVIN J KAUFMAN r LIM H KAMAN T rAO P GLIMM J Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook NY 11794 USA

Numerical prediction of turbulent mixing can be divided into two subproblems: to predict the geometrical extent of a mixing region and to predict the mixing properties on an atomic or molecular scale, within the mixing region. The former goal suffices for some purposes, while important problems of chemical reactions(e.g. flames) and nuclear reactions depend critically on the second goal in addition to the first one. Here we review recent progress in establishing a conceptual reformulation of convergence, and we illustrate these concepts with a review of recent numerical studies addressing turbulence and mixing in the high reynolds number limit. We review significant progress on the first goal, regarding the mixing region, and initial progress on the second goal, regarding atomic level mixing properties. New results concerning non-uniqueness of the infinite reynolds number solutions and other consequences of a renormalization group point of view, to be published in detail elsewhere, are summarized *** notion of stochastic convergence(of probability measures and probability distribution functions) replaces traditional pointwise convergence. The primary benefit of this idea is its increased stability relative to the statistical "noise" which characterizes turbulent flow. Our results also show that this modification of convergence, with sufficient mesh refinement, may not be needed. However, in practice, mesh refinement is seldom sufficient and the stochastic convergence concepts have a *** to this circle of ideas is the observation that turbulent mixing, in the limit of high reynolds number, appears to be non-unique. Not only have multiple solutions been observed(and published) for identical problems, but simple physics based arguments and more refined arguments based on the renormalization group come to the same *** of the non-uniqueness inherent in numerical models of high reynolds number turbulence and mixing, we also include here numeri

关键词：湍流混合数值预测高雷诺数微观宏观概率分布函数湍流输送系数混合性能

Future for inertial-fusion energy in Europe:a roadmap

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 162-192页

作者： Dimitri Batani Arnaud Colaitis Fabrizio Consoli Colin N.Danson Leonida Antonio Gizzi Javier Honrubia Thomas Kühl Sebastien Le Pape Jean-Luc Miquel Jose Manuel Perlado r.H.H.Scott Michael Tatarakis Vladimir Tikhonchuk Luca Volpe Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde Bordeaux±CNRS±CEATalence cedexFrance ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security DepartmentC.R.FrascatiFrascatiItaly AWE AldermastonReadingUK Centre for Inertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR-INO)PisaItaly ETSIAE Universidad Politecnica de Madrid MadridSpain GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH DarmstadtGermany Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses(LULI) CNRS±Ecole PolytechniquePalaiseau cedexFrance ALP Le BarpFrance and CEA/DAMÎle de FranceBruyères le ChâtelArpajon cedexFrance Instituto Fusión NuclearªGuillermo Velardeº(IFN-GV) Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadridSpain Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell OxfordOxfordshireUK Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers University Research and Innovation CentreHellenic Mediterranean UniversityRethymnoCreteGreece Department of Electronic Engineering School of EngineeringHellenic Mediterranean UniversityChaniaCreteGreece Extreme Light Infrastructure ErIC ELI-Beamlines FacilityDolníBÏrežanyCzech Republic Centro de Laseres Pulsados(CLPU) Parque CientificoVillamayorSalamancaSpain

The recent achievement of fusion ignition with laser-driven technologies at the National Ignition Facility sets a historic accomplishment in fusion energy *** accomplishment paves the way for using laser inertial fusion as a viable approach for future energy *** has a unique opportunity to empower research in this field internationally,and the scientific community is eager to engage in this *** propose establishing a European programme on inertial-fusion energy with the mission to demonstrate laser-driven ignition in the direct-drive scheme and to develop pathway technologies for the commercial fusion *** proposed roadmap is based on four complementary axes:(ⅰ)the physics of laser-plasma interaction and burning plasmas;(ⅱ)high-energy high repetition rate laser technology;(ⅲ)fusion reactor technology and materials;and(ⅳ)reinforcement of the laser fusion community by international education and training *** foresee collaboration with universities,research centres and industry and establishing joint activities with the private sector involved in laser *** project aims to stimulate a broad range of high-profile industrial developments in laser,plasma and radiation technologies along with the expected high-level socio-economic impact.

关键词： education and training fusion reactor technology high-energy laser high repetition rate laser inertial confinement fusion laser-plasma interaction public-private partnership radiation resistant materials

More than Target 6.3： A Systems Approach to rethinking Sustainable Development Goals in a resource-Scarce World

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Engineering 2016年第4期2卷 481-489页

作者： Qiong Zhang Christine Prouty Julie B. Zimmerman James r. Mihelcic University of South Florida Tampa EL 33620 USA Yale University New Haven CT06520 USA

《2030年可持续发展议程》概述了17个独立的可持续发展目标(SDGs),用于指导世界范围内包括工程、科研、政策和发展在内的大量专业学科的实践。SDGs致力于减少贫困、饥饿和疾病,同时致力于改善性别歧视、环境恶化以及水和卫生设施匮乏的... 详细信息

《2030年可持续发展议程》概述了17个独立的可持续发展目标(SDGs),用于指导世界范围内包括工程、科研、政策和发展在内的大量专业学科的实践。SDGs致力于减少贫困、饥饿和疾病,同时致力于改善性别歧视、环境恶化以及水和卫生设施匮乏的现状。但是,如果我们采取传统的简化方法研究和优化其中的单一目标,很可能由于在实现其他目标时带来的意外后果,而导致在技术、政策或管理层面的失败。本研究采用系统分析方法研究SDGs之间的动态机理,识别个体目标之间的协同或拮抗作用,构建了一个概念系统模型来说明SDGs之间的因果联系,利用了通用系统基模来检验系统结构,确定了杠杆节点来有效控制系统中的预期变化并最小化非预期变化。SDGs之间相互作用的结构反映了系统行为的三种基模:强化成长、成长上限和成长与投资不足。由概念模型确定的杠杆节点包括:性别平等、水和卫生设施的可持续管理、可替代资源、可持续生活标准和全球伙伴关系。这种对SDGs的概念系统分析能够加深发展社区对资源管理、环境可持续发展和气候变化相关项目带来的潜在协同效应的理解。通过把项目间的影响和反馈与经济收益、妇女平权和教育平等联系起来,利益相关者可以意识到可从整体上改善全球众多贫困群体的生活质量。

关键词：可持续发展目标原型系统世界资源稀缺有效相互作用环境可持续性卫生设施协同效应

IMAGING OF NON-GLANDULAr SUPErFICIAL METASTASES: A COMPArISON OF XErOrADIOGrAPHY, ULTrASONO-GrAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGrAPHY

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Chinese Journal of Cancer research 1989年第2期1卷 39-43页

作者： A.Cardinale r.Lagalla A.Guarino Institute of radiology University of Palermo Palermo ItalyInstitute of Radiology University of Palermo Palermo ItalyInstitute of Radiology University of Palermo Palermo Italy

Between January 1985 and July 1987, 1,622 cancer patients were evaluated to outline the possible applications and limits of various investigative techniques for evaluating metastases. Seventy-three cases with superficial metastases of the dermal-hypodermal (59) layers, of the muscles (11) and of other target organs (3) were included in the *** non-glandular superficial metastases are a relatively rare occurrence, diagnostic imaging techniques are indicated for evaluating their extent and anatomical connections. Secondary neoplasms were studied using the imaging techniques of sono-graphy, computed tomography and *** diagnostic reliability of these three techniques was evaluated, taking into account their ability to determine the extent of metastases and of assessing *** is considered as a satisfactory screening technique, but CT is an even better tool for evaluating the extent and anatomical connections of such lesions. Xeroradiography has been made obsolete by the introduction of the other two techniques.

关键词： A COMPArISON OF XErOrADIOGrAPHY IMAGING OF NON-GLANDULAr SUPErFICIAL METASTASES ULTrASONO-GrAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGrAPHY US

Nutritional requirements and precise fertilization of wine grapes in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第35期15卷 147-153页

作者： Tingting Jiang Pengke Yan Tinghui Ma rui Wang College of Agronomy Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China College of resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Institute of Agricultural resources and Environment Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesYinchuan 750002China Ningxia Grape and Wine research Institute YinchuanNingxia 750021China

Cabernet Sauvignon grapes in the wine-producing area of Helan Mountain,East Ningxia,China,were the research object in this *** dissection of the roots and branching stems method was used to explore the dynamic changes in the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrient requirements of wine grapes over a number of growth *** results showed that over the whole growth period,the nitrogen content of the roots was the highest during the leaf-expansion stage and lowest during the turning-color stage,and that the nitrogen content of the leaves and fruit showed a downward trend as growth *** nitrogen content of the secondary branches was the lowest during the fruit expansion stage and the highest during the leaf-expansion stage;and the phosphorus content of the roots was the highest during the leaf-expansion stage and lowest during the fruit expansion *** phosphorus content of the trunk and primary branches showed a trend of“rising-falling-rising”.The phosphorus content of the leaves and secondary branches was the lowest during the turning-color stage,whereas the phosphorus content of the fruit was at its highest during this *** potassium contents of the secondary branches and fruit showed a downward trend,but the potassium content of the leaves was highest during the fruit expansion stage and lowest in the nutrient return *** the whole growth period,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in wine grapes was 129.92 kg/hm2,41.51 kg/hm2,and 189.47 kg/hm2,respectively,the total requirements for N,P2O5,and K2O were 262.38 kg/hm2,288.15 kg/hm2,and 569.04 kg/hm2,respectively,and the reasonable nutrient requirement ratio was 1.00:1.10:2.17.

关键词： wine grapes macronutrients nutritional diagnosis fertilizer requirements the eastern foot of Helan Mountain

Color and behavior differently predict competitive outcomes for divergent stickleback color morphs

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 115-123页

作者： robin M. TINGHITELLA Whitley r. LEHTO V. Faith LIErHEIMEr Department of Biological Sciences University of Denver 2199 S. University Blvd Denver CO 80208 USA

Our knowledge of how male competition contributes to speciation is dominated by investigations of competition between within-species morphs or closely related species that differ in conspicuous traits expressed during the breeding season (e.g. color, song). In such studies, it is important to consider the manner in which putatively sexually selected traits influence the outcome of competitive interactions within and between types because these traits can communicate information about competitor quality and may not be utilized by homotypic and heterotypic receivers in the same way. We studied the roles of breeding color and aggressive behaviors in competition within and between two divergent threespine stickleback color types. Our previous work in this system showed that the switch from red to black breeding coloration is associated with changes in male competition biases. Here, we find that red and black males also use different currencies in competition. Winners of both color types performed more aggressive behaviors than losers, regardless of whether the competitor was of the same or opposite color type. But breeding color differently predicted competitive outcomes for red and black males. Males who were redder at the start of competition were more likely to win when paired with homotypic competitors and less likely to win when paired with heterotypic competitors. In contrast, black color, though expressed in the breeding season and condition dependent, was unrelated to competitive outcomes. Placing questions about the role of male competition in speciation in a sexual signal evolution framework may provide insight into the "why and how" of aggression biases and asymmetries in competitive ability between closely related morphs and species.

关键词：竞争能力颜色行为分叉预言繁殖季节鱼不对称现象