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An analysis of air pollution associated with the 2023 sand and dust storms over China:Aerosol properties and PM_(10) var.ability

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 155-168页

作者： Mikalai Filonchyk Michael P.peterson Lifeng Zhang Haowen Yan Faculty of Geomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring Lanzhou 730070China Department of Geography/Geology University of Nebraska OmahaOmahaNE 68182USA

Every spring,a large part of China is confronted with sand and dust storms(SDS)–mainly originating in the Gobi(including Chinese and Mongolian Gobi)and Taklamakan *** March-April 2023,most of northern,northwestern and northeastern China was struck by three sandstorms that affected an ar.a with more than 500 million *** this study,aerosol optical,microphysical and radiative properties were studied during these SDS events using an integrated appr.ach that combines satellite,terrestr.al and re-analysis *** results showed that dusty conditions were observed in most ar.as north of the Yangtze river(Chang Jiang)with daily average PM_(10)concentrations exceeding 1000 lg/m^(3) in many *** aerosol optical depth(AOD)at 550 nm during three SDS events exceeded a value of 1 throughout nearly the entire northern part of the *** AErONET data obtained from the AOE_Baotou site showed a significant incr.ase in total AOD and a corresponding decr.ase in AE during the *** single scattering albedo(SSA),asymmetry parameter.aSY),r.al refractive index(rrI)and imaginary refractive index(IrI)values indicate an abundance of scattering coarse-mode *** radiative forcing(ArF)at top of the atmosphere and at the earth’s sur.ace was nearly always negative during the period and ranged from48.5 to+2.7 Wm^(-2)and from180.8 to66.6 Wm^(-2),resulting in high positive ArF values at ATM(from+63.8 to+132.3 Wm^(-2)).Each of these affects the heating of the atmosphere and cooling on the earth’s *** atmospheric heating rates ranged from 1.8 to 3.7 K day*** for.ation of these SDS mainly resulted from the passage of cold fronts associated with low pressure systems in the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts,cr.ating conditions for dust to rise into the atmosphere and move further downwind.

关键词： Dust storm PM_(10) Aerosol optical depth radiative forcing VIIrS AErONET

The Effect of r.action Temperature, Catalyst Concentration and Alcohol ratio in the Production of Biodiesel from raw and Purified Castor Oil

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2024年第3期14卷 137-154页

作者： Sandile Brendon Masango peterson Thokozani Ngema Olusegun Ayodeji Olagunju Suresh ramsuroop Department of Chemical Engineering Durban University of Technology Green Engineering Group-Chemical Thermodynamics Steve Biko Campus Durban South Africa Department of Chemical Engineering Cape Peninsula University of Technology Cape Town South Africa

In this study, a homogeneous alkaline catalyst was used in the production of biodiesel from raw and refined castor oil feedstock. The effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst between the two feedstocks, raw and refined castor oil was compared. The transesterification technique was utilized in this study, aiming to investigate the effect of different parameters, which include the r.action temperature, methanol-to-oil mole ratio, and catalyst concentration at a constant period of 90 minutes. The result revealed the perfor.ance of the KOH catalyst on raw castor oil yielded 98.49% FAME, which was higher than the refined castor oil which yielded 97.9% FAME. The optimal conditions obtained from refined castor oil were applied to raw castor oil because of the same properties. The fuel quality of castor oil and produced biodiesel were tested for physicochemical properties.

关键词： Biodiesel Fuel raw Castor Oil refined Castor Oil Transesterification Process

Blood metal concentrations and cardiac structure and function in total joint arthroplasty patients

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World Jour.al of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 773-782页

作者： Peter C Brennan Stephanie M peterson Thomas J O'Byrne Mar.ana L Lapor.a Cody C Wyles Paul J Jannetto Gar.an C Kane Mar.a Vassilaki Hilal Maradit Kremers Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

BACKGrOUND There is concern regarding potential long-term cardiotoxicity with systemic distribution of metals in total joint arthroplasty(TJA)*** To determine the association of commonly used implant metals with echocardiographic measures in TJA *** The study comprised 110 TJA patients who had a recent history of high chromium,cobalt or titanium *** underwent two-dimensional,three-dimensional,Doppler.and speckle-strain transthoracic echocardiography and a blood draw to measure metal *** and sex-adjusted linear.and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of metal concentrations(exposure)with echocardiographic measures(outcome).rESULTS Higher cobalt concentrations were associated with incr.ased left ventricular end-diastolic volume(estimate 5.09;95%CI:0.02-10.17)as well as left atr.al and right ventricular dilation,particularly in men but no changes in cardiac *** titanium concentrations were associated with a reduction in left ventricle global longitudinal strain(estimate 0.38;95%CI:0.70 to 0.06)and cardiac index(estimate 0.08;95%CI,-0.15 to-0.01).CONCLUSION Elevated cobalt and titanium concentrations may be associated with structural and functional cardiac changes in some *** studies are war.anted to better understand the systemic effects of metals in TJA patients.

关键词： Total joint arthroplasty Metal-on-metal Cardiotoxicity Heart failure Echocardiography Cobalt

Integrated Single-cell Multiomic Analysis of HIV Latency rever.al reveals Novel regulators of Viral r.activation

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinfor.atics 2024年第1期22卷 67-88页

作者： Manickam Ashokkumar Wenwen Mei Jackson J.peterson Yuriko Harigaya David M.Murdoch David M.Margolis Caleb Kornfein Alex Oesterling Zhicheng Guo Cynthia D.rudin Yuchao Jiang Edward P.Browne Department of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA HIV Cure Center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Biostatistics University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Medicine Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Computer Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Statistics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Biology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)cannot be cured because of a reservoir of latently infected cells that evades *** understand the mechanisms of HIV latency,we employed an integrated single-cell r.a sequencing(scr.a-seq)and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing(scATAC-seq)appr.ach to simultaneously profile the transcriptomic and epigenomic characteristics of~125,000 latently infected primary CD4^(+)T cells after r.activation using three different latency reversing *** expressed genes and differentially accessible motifs were used to examine transcriptional pathways and transcription factor(TF)activities across the cell *** identified cellular transcripts and TFs whose expression/activity was correlated with viral r.activation and demonstrated that a machine learning model trained on these data was 75%-79%accurate at predicting viral ***,we validated the role of two candidate HIV-regulating factors,FOXP1 and GATA3,in viral *** data demonstrate the power of integrated multimodal single-cell analysis to uncover novel relationships between host cell factors and HIV latency.

关键词： HIV latency rever.al Primary CD4þT cell Single-cell multiomics HIV-regulating factor Machine learning

Computer symbol calculation of invar.ants of three-manifolds obtained from trefoil knots

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第2期42卷 96-102页

作者： peterson Chariya Department of Mathematics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA

FOr Witten invar.ants, there have been many studies (see refs. [1—9]). Numerical computer calculation of some Witten invar.ants τ_r (M) of several three-manifolds was done by Freed andGrompf and Neil. In this note, we calculate _p(M, A) by computer for.all manifolds obtained by integral surgeries on a left trefoil knot, up to p≤13. The notations here are standard (see references [3, 6, 9]).

关键词： knot three-manifolds invar.ants.

Global wild rice germplasm resources conser.ation alliance:World Wild-rice Wiring

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 516-518页

作者： Xiaoming Zheng Disna ratnasekera Jiayu Fan robert J.Henry Beng-Kah Song Kenneth M.Olsen Bal Krishna Joshi Mar.a Celeste N.Banaticla-Hilario Tonapha Pusadee Adane Getachew Melaku Yeyinou Laura Estelle Loko Koukham Vilayheuang Gavers K.Oppong Samuel Aduse Poku peterson W.Wambugu Song Ge Aldo Merotto Junior Ohn Mar.aung ramaiah Venuprasad Ajay Kohli Wenbin Zhou Qian Qian National Key Facility for Crop Gene resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Sanya National research Institute of Breeding in Hainan Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Inter.ational rice research Institute DAPO Box 7777Metro Manila 4031Philippines Department of Agricultural Biology Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of RuhunaMatara 81000Sri Lanka Yazhouwan National Laboratory No.8 Huanjin RoadYazhou DistrictSanya CityHainan Province 572024China Hainan University Haikou 570228China ArC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia School of Science Monash University Malaysia47500 Bandar SunwaySelangor 47500Malaysia Department of Biology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130-4899USA National Agriculture Genetic resources Center(Genebank) KhumaltarPO Box 3055KathmanduNepal Plant Biology Division Insttute of Biological SciencesUniversity of the Pilippines Los BanosLos BanosLaguna 4031Philippines Division of Agronomy Department of Plant and Soil SciencesFaculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Bio and Emerging Technology Institute Addis Ababa 1165Ethiopia National University of Sciences TechnologiesEngineering and Mathematics(UNSTIM)Dassa-ZouméBP 14Benin National Genebank Rice and Cash Crops Research CenterNAFRIVientiane 0605Lao PDR Plant Sciences and the Bioeconomy Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden AL52JQUK UK Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences and University of Nottingham Nottingham LE125RDUK Department of Plant and Environmental Biology University of GhanaAccraGhana Kenya Agricultural and Livestock research Or.anization Genetic Resources Research InstituteNairobi 00200Kenya Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Federal University of rio Grande do Sul UFRGSPorto Alegre 91501-970RSBrazil Department of Agricultur

Wild relatives of crop are key genetic resources serving as diversity reservoirs for crop improvement under changing ***(Oryza sativa)is one of the most impor.ant crops in the world,providing staple food for half of the world's *** rice is thus a critical germplasm resource for sustained global food security,ensuring high production yields,improved quality,and stress resistance in the face of climate *** rice is closely related to domesticated rice and has a rich genetic diversity and exceptional adaptability to extreme *** has played a pivotal role in the history of rice hybridization and has become a key resource for rice breeding *** identification of wild-type cytoplasmic male sterility resources paved the way for the achievement of the“three lines”goal in hybrid rice,leading to a significant incr.ase in rice *** addition,the use of resistance alleles found in wild rice is making rice production more resilient to losses caused by environmental ***,wild rice germplasm resources are thr.atened due to habitat destruction and other.anthropogenic *** the same time,the lack of centralized distribution of wild rice has hampered the sharing of basic infor.ation on wild rice resources and the utilization and conser.ation of wild rice in each country,as well as collaboration among scientists.

关键词： germplasm breeding crops

regional-scale relationship among biological soil crusts,invasive annual grasses,and distur.ance

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 18-25页

作者： Eric B peterson Nevada Natural Her.age Program State of NevadaCarson CityNV 89701USA Curent Address Trinity river restoration Program US Bureau of ReclamationWeavervilleCA 96093USA

Introduction:Sagebrush ecosystems in western North America are being replaced by the invasion of annual grasses,particularly Bromus *** experimental situations and in localized landscapes,prior studies have documented that biological soil crusts(biocrusts)can reduce annual grass presence and that biocrusts are highly vulnerable to physical *** conser.ation would benefit from verification of these patterms at scales that matter to local *** study tests if these patterns appear.at a regional ***:A previously collected data set of vegetation provided sampling of biocrust cover.across the Gr.at Basin within the state of Nevada,USA Data were analyzed with non-par.ametric methods including odds ratios and generalized aditive models(GAM).results:From a data set of 608 vegetation plots within the Gr.at Basin ecoregion,proportion of plots with high annual grass cover differed between sites with high versus low biocrust cover(p=0.0015).A negative relationship between annual grass cover.and biocrust cover was confirmed with GAM(p=0.009).For.a model of biocrust cover,cattle distur.ance was found to be an explanatory var.able(prns do appear.at the regional scale,with high levels of cattle activity corresponding to low cover of biocrusts,and low cover of biocrusts corresponding to high cover of annual grasses.

关键词： Biological soil crusts Cryptogamic crust Microphytic crust Gr.at basin ecoregion Sagebrush ecosystem Landscape ecology Distur.ance Cattle grazing Odds ratio Generalized additive models

An integrated analysis of air pollution from US coal-fired power plants

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 204-216页

作者： Mikalai Filonchyk Michael P.peterson Faculty of Geomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring Lanzhou 730070China Department of Geography/Geology University of Nebraska OmahaOmahaNE 68182USA

The United States is one of the world’s leaders in electricity production,generating about 4116 billion kWh in 2021,of which coal accounted for 21.8%of the *** study applies an integrated appr.ach using both terrestr.al and satellite data to specifically examine emissions from coal-fired power plants and its spatial *** study also highlights the effectiveness of government policies to reduce *** was found that emission of pollutants from the country’s energy sector has been steadily declining,with annual emissions of sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))and nitrogen oxides(NOx)decr.asing from the US electric power sector between 1990 and 2020 by 93.4%and 84.8%,respectively,and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))by 37%between 2007 and *** overall emissions from coal-fired power plants are declining,some individual plants have yet to install environmental equipment to control *** to US government data,major emitters of SO_(2),NO_(x),and CO_(2) in the US are the Martin Lake power plant in East Texas,the Labadie power plant near ***,Missouri,and the James H Miller Jr plant near Birmingham,*** study also integrates TrOPOMI satellite data to detect point emissions from individual power *** the highest levels of measured pollutants were over the country’s major cities and ar.as of fossil fuel extraction,TrOPOMI could clearly distinguish the pollution caused by power plants in more rural *** the US has made gr.at strides in reducing emissions from coal-fired power plants,these plants still represent a major source of pollution and remain a major *** eliminating coal as a power source will be difficult with the higher power demands resulting from the transition to electric automobiles.

关键词： Coal-fired power plants Emissions TrOPOMI Air pollution Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen oxides

Detecting and Adjusting Temporal Inhomogeneity in Chinese Mean Sur.ace Air Temperature Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2004年第2期21卷 260-268页

作者：李庆祥刘小宁张洪政 Thomas C.peterson David r.EASTErLING National Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 National Climatic Data Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Asheville NC28801 USA

Adopting the Easterling-peterson (EP) techniques and considering the r.ality of Chinese meteorological obser.ations, this paper designed several tests and tested for inhomogeneities in all Chinese historical sur.ace air temperature series from 1951 to 2001. The result shows that the time series have been widely impacted by inhomogeneities resulting from the relocation of stations and changes in local environment such as ur.anization or some other factors. Among these factors, station relocations caused the largest magnitude of abrupt changes in the time series, and other factors also resulted in inhomogeneities to some extent. According to the amplitude of change of the difference series and the monthly distribution features of sur.ace air temperatures, discontinuities identified by applying both the E-P technique and supported by China's station history records, or by comparison with other.appr.aches, have been adjusted. Based on the above processing, the most significant temporal inhomogeneities were eliminated, and China's most homogeneous sur.ace air temperature series has thus been cr.ated. results show that the inhomogeneity testing captured well the most impor.ant change of the stations, and the adjusted dataset is more reliable than ever. This suggests that the adjusted temperature dataset has gr.at value of decr.asing the uncer.aities in the study of observed climate change in China.

关键词： China sur.ace air temperature homogeneity testing and adjusting