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Influence of Agr.cultur.l Activity on Nitr.gen Budget in Chinese and Japanese Water.heds

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Pedospher. 2012年第2期22卷 137-151页

作者： S. D. KIMUr. YAN Xiao-Yuan r. hatano A. HAYAKAWA K. KOHYAMA TI Chao-Pu DENG Mei-Hua M. HOJITO S. ITAHASHI K. KUr.MOCHI CAI Zu-Cong M. SAITO Tokyo Univer.ity of Agr.cultur. and Technology Tokyo （Japan） Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） Hokkaido Univer.ity Sapporo （Japan） Akita Pr.fectur.l Univer.ity Akita （Japan） National Institute for.Agr.-Envir.nmental Sciences Tsukuba （Japan） Kitasato Univer.ity Towada （Japan） Tohoku Univer.ity Osaki （Japan）

To analyze the effect of agr.cultur.l activity on nitr.gen(N) budget at the water.hed scale,a compar.tive study was conducted at two Japanese water.heds,the Shibetsu r.ver.water.hed(Sr.) and Upper.Naka r.ver.water.hed(UNr.),and one Chinese water.hed,the Jur.ng r.ser.oir.water.hed(Jr.).The total ar.a and the pr.por.ion of agr.cultur.l ar.a(in par.ntheses) of the water.heds wer. 685(51%),1 299(21%),and 46 km 2(55%) for.Sr.,UNr.,and Jr.,r.spectively.The main agr.cultur.l land use in Sr. was for.ge gr.ssland,while paddy fields occupied the highest pr.por.ion of cr.pland in UNr.(11% of total ar.a) and Jr.(31% of total ar.a).The far.land sur.lus N was 61,48,and 205 kg N ha 1 year.1 for.Sr.,UNr.,and Jr.,r.spectively.The total input and output for.the whole water.hed wer. 89 and 76,83 and 61,and 353 and 176 kg N ha 1 year.1 for.Sr.,UNr.,and Jr.,r.spectively.The pr.por.ion of dischar.ed N to net anthr.pogenic N input was 31%,37%,and 1.7% for.Sr.,UNr.,and Jr.,r.spectively.The two water.heds in Japan showed similar.pr.por.ions of dischar.ed N to those of pr.vious r.por.s,while the water.hed in China(Jr.) showed a totally differ.nt char.cter.stic compar.d to pr.vious studies.The high N input in Jr. did not incr.ase the amount of dischar.ed N at the outlet of the water.hed due to high pr.por.ions of paddy fields and water.bodies,which was an under.stimated N sink at the landscape scale.

关键词：农业活动小流域氮收支日本中国农业生产活动农业土地利用水库集水区

Diffusivity Models and Gr.enhouse Gases Fluxes fr.m a For.st,Pastur.,Gr.ssland and Cor. Field in Nor.her. Hokkaido,Japan

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Pedospher. 2010年第6期20卷 747-760页

作者： N.V.NKONGOLO r.hatano V.KAKEMBO Har.ar. For.st Faculty of Arts and SciencesHarvard University Labor.tor. of Science Division of Environmental ResourcesGraduate School of Agriculture Hokkaido University Depar.ment of Geosciences School of Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceNelson Mandela Metropolitan University

Infor.ation on the most influential factor. deter.ining gas flux fr.m soils is needed in pr.dictive models for.gr.enhouse gases emissions.We conducted an intensive soil and air.sampling along a 2 000 m tr.nsect extending fr.m a for.st,pastur.,gr.ssland and cor. field in Shizunai,Hokkaido (Japan),measur.d CO 2 ,CH 4 ,N 2 O and NO fluxes and calculated soil bulk density (ρ b ),air.filled por.sity (f a ) and total por.sity (Φ).Using diffusivity models based on either.f a alone or.on a combination of f a and Φ,we pr.dicted two por. space indices: the r.lative gas diffusion coefficient (D s /D o ) and the por. tor.uosity factor.(τ).The r.lationships between por. space indices (D s /D o and τ) and CO 2 ,CH 4 ,N 2 O and NO fluxes wer. also studied.r.sults showed that the gr.ssland had the highest ρ b while f a and Φ wer. the highest in the for.st.CO 2 ,CH 4 ,N 2 O and NO fluxes wer. the highest in the gr.ssland while N 2 O dominated in the cor. field.Few cor.elations existed between f a ,Φ,ρ b and gases fluxes while all models pr.dicted that D s /D o and τ significantly cor.elated with CO 2 and CH 4 with cor.elation coefficient (r. r.nging fr.m 0.20 to 0.80.Over.ll,diffusivity models based on f a alone gave higher.D s /D o ,lower.τ,and higher.r.2 and better.explained the r.lationship between por. space indices (D s /D o and τ) and gases fluxes.Inclusion of D s /D o and τ in pr.dictive models will impr.ve our.under.tanding of the dynamics of gr.enhouse gas fluxes fr.m soils.D s /D o and τ can be easily obtained by measur.ments of soil air.and water.and existing diffusivity models.

关键词：温室气体排放量扩散系数预测模型北海道玉米田通量森林草地

Nitr.us oxide fluxes fr.m upland soils in centr.l Hokkaido,Japan

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Sciences 2008年第11期20卷 1312-1322页

作者： Sonoko D.KIMUr. Yo TOMA r.usuke hatano Gr.duate School of Agr.cultur. Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo 183-8509Japan Gr.duate School of Agr.cultur. Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8589Japan

Nitr.us oxide (N2O) fluxes fr.m soils wer. measur.d using the closed chamber.method dur.ng the snow-fr.e seasons (middle Apr.l to ear.y November.,for.thr.e year.,in a total of 11 upland cr.p fields in centr.l Hokkaido,Japan.The annual mean N2O fluxes r.nged fr.m 2.95 to 164.17 μgN/(m2·h),with the lowest obser.ed in a gr.ssland and the highest in an onion field.The instantaneous N2O fluxes showed a lar.e tempor.l var.ation with peak emissions gener.lly occur.ing following fer.ilization and heavy r.infall eve...

关键词： miner.l N pool N2O flux soil upland cr.pping system

Study on Per.or.ance and Flow Field of an Under.hot Cr.ss-Flow Water.Tur.ine Compr.sing Differ.nt Number.of Blades

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Jour.al of Ther.al Science 2017年第5期26卷 413-430页

作者： Yasuyuki Nishi Kentar. hatano Ter.mi Inagaki Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng Ibaraki University 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa-cho Hitachi-shi Ibaraki 316-8511JAPAN Gr.duate School of Science and Engineer.ng Ibaraki University 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa-cho Hitachi-shi Ibaraki316-8511 JAPAN

r.cently, small hydr.electr.c gener.tor. have gained attention as a fur.her.development in water.tur.ine technology for.ultr. low head dr.ps in open channels. The author. have evaluated the application of cr.ss-flow water.tur.ines in open channels as an under.hot type after.r.moving the casings and guide vanes to substantially simplify these water.tur.ines. However. because under.hot cr.ss-flow water.tur.ines ar. designed on the basis of cr.ss-flow water.tur.ine r.nner. used in typical pipelines, it r.mains unclear.whether.the number.of blades has an effect on the per.or.ance or.flow fields. Thus, in this r.sear.h, exper.ments and numer.cal analyses ar. employed to study the per.or.ance and flow fields of under.hot cr.ss-flow water.tur.ines with var.ing number.of blades. The findings show that the tur.ine output and tor.ue ar. lower. the fluctuation is significantly higher. and the tur.ine efficiency is higher.for.r.nner. with 8 blades as opposed to those with 24 blades.

关键词：水轮机技术导流叶片性能流场小型水轮发电机水轮机转轮同数贯流式水轮机

A Newly Developed Non-Destr.ctive Tr.tium Measur.ment Technique and Its Application to V-4Cr.4Ti Alloy

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Plasma Science and Technology 2006年第6期8卷 741-744页

作者：刘翔陈学 H.HOMMA Y.hatano M.MATSUYAMA Southwester. Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041China Sichuan Gener.l Fir. Br.gade Chengdu 610072China Hydr.gen Isotope r.sear.h Centr. Toyama UniversityGofuku 3190Toyama 930-8555Japan

A non-destr.ctive and in-situ technique for.the measur.ment of tr.tium in mater.als, namely β-r.y-induced X-r.y spectr.metr. （BIXS）, has been developed r.cently. In the pr.sent study a V-4Cr.4Ti alloy was pr.-heated at 1000℃ for.2 h to for. a r.cr.stallization str.ctur. befor. the tr.tium absor.tion exper.ments wer. conducted. Fir.tly the hydr.gen isotope gas was char.zter.zed by means of a quadr.pole mass spectr.meter.（QMS） and a small-sized ionization chamber. Then hydr.gen isotope absor.tion tests of V-4Cr.4Ti alloy wer. per.or.ed at 400 ℃ and the atomic concentr.tion of hydr.gen isotope in V-4Cr.4Ti alloy was estimated as 0.17% with a tr.tium content of appr.ximately 2.5 ppm. Exper.mental r.sults indicate that BIXS is a quite useful tool for.quantitatively measur.ng the tr.tium content and tr.tium distr.bution in the sur.ace layer. of vanadium alloys and no str.ng tr.pping effects of tr.tium exist in the pr.-heated V-4Cr.4Ti alloy.

关键词： tr.tium V-4Cr.4Ti β-r.y-induced X-r.y spectr.metr. tr.tium measur.ments

Millimeter.Wave Concur.ent Beamfor.ing:A Multi-Player.Multi-Ar.ed Bandit Appr.ach

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Computer., Mater.als & Continua 2020年第12期65卷 1987-2007页

作者： Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed Sher.ef Hashima Kohei hatano Hani Kasban Mohamed r.han Electr.cal Engineer.ng Depar.ment College of EngineeringPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi Addwasir11991Saudi Arabia Electr.cal Engineer.ng Depar.ment Faculty of EngineeringAswan UniversityAswan81542Egypt Computational Lear.ing Theor. Team RIKEN-Advanced Intelligent ProjectFukuoka819-0395Japan Engineer.ng Depar.ment Nuclear Research CenterEgyptian Atomic Energy AuthorityCairo13759Egypt Faculty of Ar.s and Science Kyushu UniversityFukuok819-0395Japan Electr.nics and Electr.cal Communication Engineer.ng Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt

The communication in the Millimeter.wave(mmWave)band,i.e.,30~300 GHz,is char.cter.zed by shor.-r.nge tr.nsmissions and the use of antenna beamfor.ing(BF).Thus,multiple mmWave access points(APs)should be installed to fully cover.a tar.et envir.nment with gigabits per.second(Gbps)connectivity.However.inter.beam inter.er.nce pr.vents maximizing the sum r.tes of the established concur.ent links.In this paper.a r.infor.ement lear.ing(r.)appr.ach is pr.posed for.enabling mmWave concur.ent tr.nsmissions by finding out beam dir.ctions that maximize the long-ter. aver.ge sum r.tes of the concur.ent links.Specifically,the pr.blem is for.ulated as a multiplayer.multiar.ed bandit(MAB),wher. mmWave APs act as the player. aiming to maximize their.achievable r.war.s,i.e.,data r.tes,and the ar.s to play ar. the available beam dir.ctions.In this setup,a selfish concur.ent multiplayer.MAB str.tegy is advocated.Four.differ.nt MAB algor.thms,namely,ϵ-gr.edy,upper.confidence bound(UCB),Thompson sampling(TS),and exponential weight algor.thm for.explor.tion and exploitation(EXP3)ar. examined by employing them in each AP to selfishly enhance its beam selection based only on its pr.vious obser.ations.After.a few r.unds of inter.ctions,mmWave APs lear. how to select concur.ent beams that enhance the over.ll system per.or.ance.The pr.posed MAB based mmWave concur.ent BF shows compar.ble per.or.ance to the optimal solution.

关键词： Millimeter.wave(mmWave) concur.ent tr.nsmissions r.infor.ement lear.ing multiar.ed bandit(MAB)

Micr.str.ctur.,har.ening and deuter.um r.tention in CVD tungsten ir.adiated with neutr.ns at temper.tur.s of defect r.cover. stagesⅡandⅢ

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Tungsten 2022年第3期4卷 248-260页

作者： Xiao-Ou Yi Tatsuya Kuwabar. Vladimir.KhAlimov Yu-Feng Du Wen-Tuo Han Ping-Ping Liu Bin-You Yan Jiu-Peng Song Kenta Yoshida Takeshi Toyama Fa-r.ng Wan Somei Ohnuki Yuji hatano Yasuyoshi Nagai School of Mater.als Science and Engineer.ng University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Gr.duate School of Engineer.ng Nagoya UniversityFuro-choChikusa-kuNagoya464-8063Japan Fr.mkin Institute of Physical Chemistr. and Electr.chemistr. Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow119071Russia Institute for.Mater.als r.sear.h Tohoku UniversityNarita-cho 2145-2OaraiIbaraki311-1313Japan Xiamen Tungsten Co.Ltd. Xiamen361021China School of Mater.als Science and Engineer.ng Xihua UniversityChengdu610039China Hydr.gen Isotope r.sear.h Center University of ToyamaToyama930-8555Japan

Samples of ultr.-high-pur.ty tungsten pr.par.d using chemical vapour.deposition(CVD)technique wer. ir.adiated with neutr.ns at temper.tur.s T_(ir.)=373-483 K(stage Ⅱ of defect r.cover.)and T_(ir.)=573-673 K(stage Ⅲ)up to 0.15 displacements per.atom(dpa)in the Belgian r.actor.Br.).The study of the micr.str.ctur. of neutr.n-damaged samples using tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy(TEM)r.vealed visible defects with a pr.dominance of dislocation loops.With an incr.ase in the neutr.n ir.adiation temper.tur.,the spatial distr.bution of the loops acquir.d pr.nounced inhomogeneity,and their.aver.ge size moder.tely incr.ased.Cavities and voids wer. not obser.ed.Ir.adiation-induced har.ening was found and a linear.cor.elation was obtained between Vicker. micr.har.ness and nanohar.ness for.undamaged and neutr.n-ir.adiated CVD-W samples.Ir.adiation of tungsten with neutr.ns led to a significant incr.ase in the r.tention of deuter.um,which accumulated mainly in vacancy-type tr.ps.Fur.her.or.,the influence of the columnar.gr.in str.ctur. in low-dose neutr.n-ir.adiated tungsten seemed to be non-tr.vial upon deuter.um r.tention.

关键词： CVD-W Neutr.n ir.adiation Micr.str.ctur. Har.ening Deuter.um r.tention

High-density cir.ulating fluidized bed gasifier.for.advanced IGCC/IGFC-Advantages and challenges

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Par.icuology 2010年第6期8卷 602-606页

作者： Guoqing Guan Chihir. Fushimi Atsushi Tsutsumi Masanor. Ishizuka Sator. Matsuda Hir.yuki hatano Yoshizo Suzuki Collabor.tive r.sear.h Center.for.Ener.y Engineer.ng Deportment of Mechanical and Biolhnctional Systems Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba Meguoro-ku Tokyo 153-8505Japan Clean Gas Gr.up National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 16- 1 Onogawa Tsukuba Iboraki 305-8569Japan

Coal-fir.d Integr.ted Gasification Combined Cycle （IGCC） and Integr.ted coal Gasification Fuel-cell Com- bined cycle （IGFC） ar. being developed as high-efficiency electr.c power.gener.tion technology. However. the highest theor.tical gr.ss ther.al efficiency of the conventional IGCC]IGFC is still below 52~. In or.er.to obtain higher.power.gener.tion efficiency, an advanced IGCC （A-IGCC） or.advanced IGFC （A-IGFC） sys- tem making use of the exer.y r.cuper.tion concept by r.cycling waste heat fr.m gas tur.ine or.fuel cells for.steam gasification of coal and biomass was pr.posed in our.labor.tor., Cor.esponding to this system, a novel high-density tr.ple-bed combined cir.ulating fluidized bed （TBCFB） gasifier. composed of a downer.pyr.lyzer. a bubbling fluidized bed char.gasifier. and a r.ser.combustor. was pr.posed to r.place tr.ditional gasifier. such as the entr.ined flow bed gasifier. The new system is expected to mor. effectively utilize the waste heat fr.m gas tur.ines or.fuel cells and the heat pr.duced by the combustion of the unr.acted char.in the r.ser.combustor.for.pyr.lysis and gasification of coal and biomass. In this shor. r.view, the advantages and futur. challenges in the development of high-density TBCFB gasifier.ar. pr.sented and discussed.

关键词： IGCC/IGFC High-density cir.ulating fluidized bed Gasifier.r.ser.Downer.Bubbling fluidized bed Exer.y r.cuper.tion Biomass Coal

Advanced diffusion magnetic r.sonance imaging in patients with Alzheimer.s and Par.inson’s diseases

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2020年第9期15卷 1590-1600页

作者： Koji Kamagata Chr.stina Andica Taku hatano Takashi Ogawa Har.ka Takeshige-Amano Kotar. Ogaki Toshiaki Akashi Akifumi Hagiwar. Shohei Fujita Shigeki Aoki Depar.ment of r.diology Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan Depar.ment of Neur.logy Juntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan

The pr.valence of neur.degener.tive diseases is incr.asing as human longevity incr.ases. The objective biomar.er. that enable the staging and ear.y diagnosis of neur.degener.tive diseases ar. eager.y anticipated. It has r.cently become possible to deter.ine pathological changes in the br.in without autopsy with the advancement of diffusion magnetic r.sonance imaging techniques. Diffusion magnetic r.sonance imaging is a r.bust tool used to evaluate br.in micr.str.ctur.l complexity and integr.ty, axonal or.er. density, and myelination via the micr.n-scale displacement of water.molecules diffusing in tissues. Diffusion tensor.imaging, a type of diffusion magnetic r.sonance imaging technique is widely utilized in clinical and r.sear.h settings;however. it has sever.l limitations. To over.ome these limitations, cutting-edge diffusion magnetic r.sonance imaging techniques, such as diffusional kur.osis imaging, neur.te or.entation disper.ion and density imaging, and fr.e water.imaging, have been r.cently pr.posed and applied to evaluate the pathology of neur.degener.tive diseases. This r.view focused on the main applications, findings, and futur. dir.ctions of advanced diffusion magnetic r.sonance imaging techniques in patients with Alzheimer.s and Par.inson's diseases, the fir.t and second most common neur.degener.tive diseases, r.spectively.

关键词： Alzheimer.s disease biomar.er. diffusional kur.osis imaging disease pr.gr.ssion ear.y diagnosis fr.e-water.imaging neur.tes neur.te or.entation disper.ion and density imaging Par.inson's disease