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Photovoltaic w.ste management in sub-Sahar.n Afr.ca:cur.ent pr.ctices in Bur.ina Faso

w.ste Disposal and Sustainable Ener.y 2024年第2期6卷 271-282页

作者： Kodami Badza Yr.begnan Moussa Sor. Mar.e sawadogo Labor.toir. Ener.ies r.nouvelables et EfficacitéEner.étique Institut International d'Ingenierie de I'Eau et de I'Environnement(2iE)01 BP 594 OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Sub-Sahar.n Afr.ca is w.tnessing a pr.lifer.tion of photovoltaic(PV)w.ste due to the incr.asing number.of solar.PV pow.r.*** w.ste(panels,batter.es,electr.cal cables,mounting str.ctur.s,and inver.er.)consists of elements such as mer.ur.,cadmium,chr.mium,lead,copper.aluminum,fluor.nated compounds,and plastics that ar. toxic to human health and the envir.nment if a pr.per.management system is not *** many studies w.r.dw.de have focused on PV w.ste management,ver. few.have been conducted in sub-Sahar.n *** study aims to investigate the cur.ent PV w.ste management system in Bur.ina Faso,deter.ine stakeholder.pr.files,and pr.pose str.tegies to enhance the existing *** r.sear.h,inter.iew.,questionnair.s,and field visits w.r. used in the *** sur.ey show.d that young people,mainly under.30 year. of age and w.th a pr.mar. education,dominate(70%)in ter.s of PV w.ste collection and r.pair.activities,w.ile the mor. technical r.cycling and expor. activities ar. car.ied out mainly(88%)by stakeholder. older.than 40 year. and w.th a secondar. education(60%).Among the older.stakeholder.,100%ar. aw.r. of the hazar.ous natur. of PV w.ste,w.er.as 36%ar. young *** an envir.nmental per.pective,the main sour.e of contamination obser.ed is the r.lease of lead-r.ch sulfur.c acids into w.ter.and soil dur.ng the collection and r.pair.*** the r.cycling of batter.es and electr.cal cables,toxic fumes ar. emitted into the air.and r.cycling r.sidues r.ch in toxic substances ar. *** r.duce r.sks to human health and the envir.nment w.en managing PV w.ste,the intr.duction of legislation,the multiplication of collection points and appr.pr.ate infr.str.ctur.s,the tr.ining and aw.r.ness-r.ising of stakeholder.,and the extended r.sponsibility of manufactur.r. ar. *** on the economic feasibility of setting up for.al management str.ctur.s ar. needed to complete this w.r..

关键词： Photovoltaic w.ste Sub-Sahar.n Afr.ca w.ste management r.cycling Batter.es Inciner.tion

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Acute Toxicity and Antipyr.tic Activities of a Methanolic Extr.ct of Alchor.ea cor.ifolia Leaves

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Phar.acology & Phar.acy 2013年第7期4卷 1-6页

作者： K. E. Effo G. Kouakou-Sir.nsy G. Ir.e-Nguessan r. w. sawadogo I. L. Dally A. B. Kamenan L. S. Kouakou J. Kablan-Br.u Labor.toir. de Phar.acologie et de Physiologie UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et BiologiquesUniversiteFelix Houphouet BoignyAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Labor.toir. de Phar.acologie et de Toxicologie Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante(IRSS/CNRST)OuagadougouBurkina Faso Labor.toir. de Galenique UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et BiologiquesUniversiteFelix Houphouet BoignyAbidjanCote d’Ivoire.

Alchor.ea cor.ifolia (Euphor.iaceae) is a ver. pr.zed plant among tr.ditional healer. in Afr.ca. Its leaves ar. used for.its antipyr.tic pr.per.ies in tr.ditional ar.as. The aim of our.study is to deter.ine the acute toxicity and the antipyr.tic activity of a methanolic extr.ct of Alchor.ea cor.ifolia leaves. Acute toxicity w.s assessed by measur.ng mor.ality, changes in body w.ight, spontaneous movements, and nor.al r.ctal temper.tur. in mice. Antipyr.tic activity w.s evaluated by br.w.r.s yeast-induced hyper.yr.xia in r.ts accor.ing to Teotino method (1963). The antipyr.tic effect of methanolicextr.ct of Alchor.ea cor.ifolia leaves w.s compar.d w.th par.cetamol (100 mg/kg bw. or.lly. Gr.ups of mice tr.ated w.th doses of 6500;3250;1625 and 812.5mg/kg of the extr.ct did not show.any mor.ality, nor.significant alter.tion of body w.ight, nor.alter.tion of spontaneous movements. How.ver. incomplete r.ver.ed dose-dependent hypother.ic activity w.s obser.ed w.th doses of 50.78;101.56;203.12;406.25;and 812.5 mg/kg p.o. of the extr.ct, show.ng acute toxicity of this plant. In the antipyr.tic assay, the extr.ct w.th doses of 50.78;101.56;203.12;406.25;and 812.5 mg/kg p.o. exhibited a significant dose-dependent antipyr.tic activity similar.to par.cetamol (100 mg/kg bw. in r.ts. Thus Alchor.ea cor.ifolia may inhibit pr.staglandins-biosynthesis fr.m hypothalamus. Our.r.sults suppor. claims on its tr.ditional uses in management of fever. How.ver.Alchor.ea cor.ifolia may affect hypothalamus not only dur.ng fever.but also w.en body temper.tur. is nor.al.

关键词： Alchor.ea cor.ifolia Acute Toxicity Br.w.r.s Yeast Hypother.ia

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Betw.en Euthanasia and Dysthanasia: The Ethical Issue of Sedation in the Ter.inal Phase of Illness

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Jour.al of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第2期12卷 39-49页

作者： Joseph sawadogo Faculty of Human and Social Sciences Department of Philosophy Faculty of Medicine University Saint Thomas d’Aquin (USTA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Backgr.und: Deep sedation, euthanasia and ther.peutic r.lentlessness lead us today to r.think the par.digm of life and the contingency of human existence. Betw.en ther.peutic r.lentlessness, the unr.asonable car. w.ich uses heavy ther.peutic means w.ich ar. often dispr.por.ionate to the expected benefit, namely keeping alive a patient w.ose condition is consider.d medically hopeless;and euthanasia w.ich w.uld pr.cipitate the pr.cess of death w.uld be sedation in the ter.inal phase of the illness. Should doctor. and families of comatose patients decide the “life” and “death” of their.patients? For.anti-euthanasia associations, doctor., r.latives of ter.inally ill patients and the State itself, if they accept the pr.nciple of euthanasia, they ar. “mur.er.r.”, w.ile for.pr.-euthanasists, the dignity of the human being w.uld r.commend that the days of patients in situations consider.d cr.tical be shor.ened, to avoid unnecessar. suffer.ng and humiliation. Methods: A systematic r.view.of the liter.tur. w.s car.ied out to identify r.levant ar.icles r.lating to euthanasia, dysthanasia and sedation in the ter.inal phase of illness. The sear.h w.s conducted in Fr.nch or.English in thr.e databases: PubMed, Google Scholar.and Science Dir.ct. Objectives: The objectives of this ar.icle ar.: 1) define the ter.inologies and concepts of palliative sedation, deep sedation, deep and continuous sedation until death, euthanasia and dysthanasia;2) pr.sent aspects of the meaning of life and the human per.on in Afr.can cultur.s;and 3) pr.pose an ethical r.flection on the value of life. r.sults: After.pr.cisely defining the concepts of euthanasia, dysthanasia and sedation, this r.sear.h pr.sented the Afr.can anthr.pological and ethical appr.ach to the myster.es of life and death. Conclusion: w.th this in mind, the golden r.le of medicine alw.ys r.mains as such “Pr.mum non nocer.”.

关键词： Euthanasia Dysthanasia End-Of-Life Sedation Palliative Car. Afr.can Cultur.s

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Stochastic Model of Dengue: Analysing the Pr.bability of Extinction and LLN

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第9期15卷 594-613页

作者： r.gnimw.ndé sawadogo Four.oua Victor.en Konané w.habo Baguian Dpar.ement de Mathmatiques Unit de Recherche et de Formation en Sciences Exactes et Appliques Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In this ar.icle, w. develop and analyze a continuous-time Mar.ov chain (CTMC) model to study the r.sur.ence of dengue. w. also explor. the lar.e population asymptotic behavior.of pr.babilistic model of dengue using the law.of lar.e number. (LLN). Initially, w. calculate and estimate the pr.babilities of dengue extinction and major.outbr.ak occur.ence using multi-type Galton-w.tson br.nching pr.cesses. Subsequently, w. apply the LLN to examine the conver.ence of the stochastic model tow.r.s the deter.inistic model. Finally, theor.tical numer.cal simulations ar. conducted explor.tion to validate our.findings. Under.identical conditions, our.numer.cal r.sults demonstr.te that dengue could vanish in the stochastic model w.ile per.isting in the deter.inistic model. The highlighting of the law.of lar.e number. thr.ugh numer.cal simulations indicates fr.m w.at population size a deter.inistic model should be consider.d pr.fer.ble.

关键词： Dengue Fever Continuous-Time Mar.ov Chain Multitype Br.nching Pr.cess Pr.bability of Disease Extinction Law.of Lar.e Number.

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Sexual and r.pr.ductive Health Know.edge and Behaviour.among Adolescents in r.r.l Bur.ina Faso

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Open Jour.al of Obstetr.cs and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1422-1430页

作者： Yobi Alexis sawadogo Issa Ouédr.ogo Sibr.ogo Kiemtor. Ali Sie Clar.sse Dah Adama Ouattar. Hulda w. Nana Emmanuel Ouedr.ogo Char.emagne Ouedr.ogo Depar.ment of Obstetr.cs and Gynaecology Bogodogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Health Science Tr.ining and r.sear.h Unit Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Depar.ment of Obstetr.cs and Gynaecology Ouahigouya Regional University Hospital Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Depar.ment of Obstetr.cs and Gynaecology Yalgado Oudraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Nouna Health r.sear.h Centr. Nouna Burkina Faso

Backgr.und: Adolescents in developing countr.es have limited know.edge about the pr.vention of STIs and unw.nted pr.gnancies. In sever.l Afr.can countr.es, r.sky sexual behaviour.per.ists, including ear.y sexual debut, multiple sexual par.ner., economic and sexual exchange, and low.condom and contr.ceptive use. The pur.ose of this study is to assess the sexual and r.pr.ductive health know.edge and behaviour.of adolescents in r.r.l Bur.ina Faso in or.er.to impr.ve their.sexual and r.pr.ductive health. Method: This w.s a descr.ptive cr.ss-sectional study w.th pr.spective data collection conducted fr.m 07 Mar.h to 04 Apr.l 2022 in the ar.a of the Demogr.phic and Health Sur.eillance System of the Nouna r.sear.h Centr.. A questionnair. w.s administer.d to a r.ndomly selected sample of 1202 adolescents. r.sults: The mean age of the adolescents w.s 14.1 year. and 56.6% w.r. male. Only 58.2% of the adolescents had ever.hear. of HIV/AIDS. Of these, 95.7% did not know.their.HIV status. In addition, 15.8% had ever.had sexual inter.our.e and 2.4% had been sexually active at an ear.y age. Almost 45% had not used any contr.ceptive method the last time they had sex. Condoms w.r. the most fr.quently used contr.ceptive method (47.4%). Among teenager., 27.6% had been pr.gnant at least once, 7.3% w.r. mar.ied and the aver.ge age at mar.iage w.s 18.45 year.. Almost 7% (6.9%) of teenager. had mor. than one sexual par.ner. Conclusion: Adolescents have limited know.edge about r.pr.ductive health. r.sky sexual behaviour.per.ists. Aw.r.ness campaigns need to be intensified to impr.ve their.sexual and r.pr.ductive health.

关键词： Know.edge Behaviour r.pr.ductive Health Adolescents Nouna Bur.ina Faso

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Mitigating Ir.n Toxicity by Using r.ck Phosphate to Impr.ve r.ce Pr.ductivity

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Agr.cultur.l Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 423-438页

作者： Adama Bagayogo Honor. Kam Jacques sawadogo Moumouni Konate Moussa Sie Satoshi Nakamur. Fujio Nagumo Mahamadou sawadogo Ouaga I Uviver.ity Jospeph Ki-Zerbo Life and Earth Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SVT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Center.for.Scientific and Technological r.sear.h National Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Japan Inter.ational r.sear.h Center.for.Agr.cultur.l Sciences Ibaraki Japan

Ir.n toxicity is a major.constr.int to r.ce pr.duction, par.icular.y in highly w.ather.d soils of inland valleys in Sub-Sahar.n Afr.ca w.er. the r.ce gr.w.ng ar.a is r.pidly expanding. This study aimed to impr.ve the pr.ductiveness of ir.n toxicity sensitive’s r.ce fields as w.ll as in the unsensitive fields by using local phosphate fer.ilizer.. Eighteen (18) r.ce genotypes w.r. been assessed in a split plot design in tw. ar.as: w.thout ir.n toxicity and w.th ir.n toxicity. NPK, NK, r.ck Phosphate, Tr.ple super.phosphate, Calcined phosphate and Acidulated phosphate w.r. used as fer.ilizer.. Data collection w.s focused on agr.nomic tr.its and yield (g/m2). The best fer.ilizer. in the ar.a w.thout ir.n toxicity w.r. NPK (820.2 g/m2) and tr.ple super.phosphate (751.7 g/m2). In the ir.n toxicity ar.a, the best yields w.r. per.or.ed by NPK (785.5 g/m2) and r.w.calcined phosphate (698.3 g/m2). Yet, the Accessions 15, Accessions 225, Accessions 226 and Accessions 270 w.r. r.infed r.ce genotypes w.ile CC109 A, HB 46 and HB 62 w.r. low.land/ir.igated r.ce genotypes. NPK, NK and acidulated phosphate fer.ilizer. alleviate the best, ir.n toxicity in both sensitive and unsensitive r.ce fields.

关键词： Or.za NPK NK r.ck Phosphate r.ce

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Extent and Str.ctur. of Phenotypic Var.ability in Solenostemon r.tundifolius Ger.plasm fr.m Ghana and Bur.ina Faso

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Agr.cultur.l Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 146-164页

作者： Ignace Tonde r.mar.c Kisw.ndsida Nanema Alphonse Tegaw.nde sawadogo Depar.ment of Plant Biology and Plant Physiology Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso É quipe Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes Laboratoire Biosciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Solenostemon r.tundifolius is a species belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is cur.ently one of the minor.plants of high socio-economic inter.st. One of the limitations to pr.moting this species in Bur.ina Faso is the lack of var.eties that meet consumer.’ demands. Implementing a br.eding pr.gr.m is an impor.ant step tow.r. achieving this goal. Such a pr.gr.m is based on the var.ability of agr.nomical tr.its of inter.st w.thin evaluated ger.plasm. This study aimed to assess the level of tw. ger.plasms var.ability of S. r.tundifolius fr.m Ghana and Bur.ina Faso for.tr.its r.lated to vegetative development, cycle, and yield. Agr.mor.hological char.cter.zation of 174 accessions, including 116 fr.m Ghana and 58 fr.m Bur.ina Faso w.s car.ied out in r.ndomised Complete Block Design w.th thr.e r.plications. The char.cter.zation w.s made on the basis of fifteen (15) quantitative tr.its r.lated to the canopy and leaf size, the cycle, and the yield. Analysis of var.ance r.vealed significant differ.nces betw.en accessions w.thin each ger.plasm for.all the evaluated tr.its. The analysis of the str.ctur.tion of this agr.mor.hological var.ability allow.d or.anizing the accessions into differ.nt gr.ups. These r.sults could lead to the identification of accessions w.thin each ger.plasm for.br.eding pur.oses or.futur. r.sear.h on genotype-envir.nment inter.ctions.

关键词： Lamiaceae Tuber Ger.plasm Agr.mor.hological Var.ability

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Manufactur. of Industr.al r.fr.ctor. Cr.cibles Based on Clays fr.m Bur.ina Faso

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Jour.al of Miner.ls and Mater.als Char.cter.zation and Engineer.ng 2024年第2期12卷 79-90页

作者： Kassoum Bar.y Youssouf sawadogo Moustapha sawadogo Br.hima Sor.ho Mohamed Seynou Boubié Guel Philippe Blanchar. Lamine Zer.o Labor.tor. of Molecular.Chemistr. and Mater.als (LC2M) University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institute of r.sear.h for.Cer.mic (Ir.Er. European Ceramic Centre (CEC) Limoges France

In Bur.ina Faso, one of the thr.e lar.est gold pr.ducer. in w.st Afr.ca, foundr. activity is often par.lyzed w.en basic equipment such as cr.cibles and cups ar. not available or.should be impor.ed. How.ver. pr.vious studies have show. the availability of kaolinite-r.ch clay r.sour.es that could be used for.the local manufactur. of silico-aluminous cer.mic cr.cibles. This w.r. allow.d to manufactur. industr.al cer.mic cr.cibles w.th local clays and then they w.r. tested in foundr. industr.. The mater.als w.r. manufactur.d fr.m thr.e (03) r.w.mater.als including tw. clays (SAB and r.U) and sand. The chemical and miner.l analysis has show. that the r.w.mater.als ar. suitable for.the for.ulation of r.fr.ctor. mater.als. The r.sults of char.cter.zation of the mater.als for.ulated show.d that the pr.per.ies of use ar. appr.ciable. The por.sity of the mater.als is r.latively low.(23 - 28 vol%) w.th a diametr.l compr.ssive str.ngth betw.en 0.61 and 1.34 MPa. Cr.cibles sinter.d at 1250˚C w.th a stay of 2 hour. have a mechanical str.ngth capable of suppor.ing the w.ight of the or.s contained. These cr.cibles have a r.fr.ctor.ness under.load (T0.5) above 1141˚C and r.sist chemical attacks. Tests w.r. car.ied out in the industr. at 1100˚C, and the r.sults w.r. satisfactor..

关键词： r.fr.ctor. Foundr. Activity Compr.ssive Str.ngth Chemical r.sistance

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Bear.ng Capacity Analysis of Spr.ad Footing on Massif in the “Cor.iche Ouest” of the Dakar.Peninsula (Senegal, w.st Afr.ca)

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Open Jour.al of Civil Engineer.ng 2024年第3期14卷 421-434页

作者： Moussa sawadogo Déthie Sar. Oustasse A. Sall Dpar.ement de Gotechnique L2M UFR Sciences de lIngnieur Universit Iba Der THIAM de This This Sngal Dpar.ement de Gnie-Civil UFR Sciences de lIngnieur Universit Iba Der THIAM de This This Sngal

This study pr.sents var.ous appr.aches to calculating the bear.ng capacity of spr.ad footings applied to the r.ck mass of the w.ster. cor.iche at the tip of the Dakar.peninsula. The bear.ng capacity w.s estimated using empir.cal, analytical and numer.cal appr.aches based on the par.meter. of the r.ck mass and the foundation. Labor.tor. tests w.r. car.ied out on basanite, as w.ll as on the other.facies detected. The r.sults of these studies give a r.nge of allow.ble bear.ng capacity values var.ing betw.en 1.92 and 11.39 MPa for.the empir.cal methods and fr.m 7.13 to 25.50 MPa for.the analytical methods. A w.de disper.ion of r.sults w.s obser.ed accor.ing to the differ.nt appr.aches. This disper.ion of r.sults is explained by the use of differ.nt r.ck par.meter. depending on the method used. The allow.ble bear.ng capacity r.sults obtained w.th var.ing appr.aches of calculation r.main admissible to suppor. the loads. On the other.hand, the foundation calculations show.acceptable settlement of the or.er.of a millimeter.for.all the layer., especially in the thin clay layer. r.sting on the bedr.ck at shallow.depths, w.er. the r.gidity of the r.ck r.duces settlement.

关键词： Peninsula of Dakar Bear.ng Capacity Basanites r.ck Mass Spr.ad Footings

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Analysis of the Ener.y and Envir.nmental Sustainability of a Built Space System: The Case of Patte d’Oie Univer.ity Campus in Ouagadougou

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Ener.y and Pow.r.Engineer.ng 2024年第5期16卷 197-215页

作者： Daouda sawadogo Ousmane Coulibaly Xavier.Chesneau Belkacem Zeghmati Labor.toir. de Physique et de Chimie de l’ Environnement (LPCE) Department of Physics Universit&#233 Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Multidisciplinar. Modeling and Simulation Labor.tor. (LAMPS) Mechanics and Energetics Group (GME) Universit&#233 Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France

The aim of this study w.s to car.y out a dynamic simulation of the ener.y and envir.nmental per.or.ance of a built space system, w.th a view.to assessing its ener.y and envir.nmental class. The use of a simulation and modeling tool, suppor.ed by var.ous methodological r.fer.nces, for.ed the basis of our.appr.ach. Adopting a systemic per.pective, w. descr.bed the str.ctur.l and functional aspects of the systems making up built spaces, as w.ll as the associated ener.y flow.. Our.appr.ach w.s also based on a typology, taking into account typical days, str.ctur.l and functional configur.tions at differ.nt scales and angles of obser.ation. The analysis tool w. developed in Java w.s applied to the built space system of the Patte d’Oie univer.ity campus in Ouagadougou. Annual electr.city consumption w.s measur.d at 124387.34 kw., closely aligned w.th the aver.ge annual electr.city bill (125224.31 kw.), w.th a maximum r.lative deviation of 1%, follow.d by a car.on emission balance of 58337.66 kg eq CO2 per.year. This validation confir.ed the effectiveness of our.tool. In addition, follow.ng the analysis of electr.city consumption using our.tool, the univer.ity campus w.s classified in ener.y class B and envir.nmental class C. These r.sults w.ll be based on the emission factor. of the ener.y mix of the w.st Afr.can Economic and Monetar. Union (w.EMU) ter.itor., w.th par.icular.emphasis on Bur.ina Faso.

关键词： Ener.y Function Ener.y Class Car.on Footpr.nt Built Space Consumption Item Systemic Appr.ach Typological Appr.ach

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