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Diver.ity of Human Immunodeficiency Vir.s Type-1 Subtypes in w.ster. Kenya

w.r.d Jour.al of AIDS 2014年第4期4卷 365-372页

作者： F. O. Adungo M. M. Gicher. N. I. Adungo M. M. Matilu r. w. lihana S. A. Khamadi Centr. for.Infectious and Par.sitic Diseases Contr.l r.sear.h Kenya Medical Research Institute Busia Kenya Depar.ment of Zoological Sciences Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Centr. for.Vir.s r.sear.h Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Backgr.und: HIV/AIDS is the pr.ncipal pandemic in the w.r.d today.?Tw. vir.l types (HIV-1 and HIV-2), w.th numer.us gr.ups (M, N and O for.HIV-1 and A thr.ugh H for.HIV-2) have emer.ed. These have fur.her.pr.lifer.ted into numer.us subtypes, sub-subtypes and cir.ulating r.combinant for.s (Cr.) over.the last 30 year..?HIV-1 var.ants cir.ulate together.w.thin a geogr.phical r.gion pr.viding an oppor.unity for.r.combination of vir.l str.ins w.thin infected individuals.?In Kenya, at least nine differ.nt genetic HIV-1 subtypes and sever.l r.combinant for.s have been defined w.thin gr.up M, w.ich accounts for.the major.ty of cases in the AIDS pandemic. Objective:?To deter.ine the genetic diver.ity of HIV-1 in the w.ster. r.gion of Kenya bor.er.ng Uganda. Methodology: A cr.ss sectional study w.s car.ied out at Busia Distr.ct Hospital betw.en 2007 and 2009. A total of 75 patients w.r. sampled r.ndomly fr.m a cohor. of 1000 clients on antir.tr.vir.l ther.py. Blood samples w.r. analysed at the HIV Labor.tor., Kenya Medical r.sear.h Institute, Nair.bi, Kenya. PCr.w.s car.ied out on the?Pol?r.gion of HIV, sequenced and analysed by BLAST for.subtypes. r.sults: BLAST analysis r.vealed the follow.ng cir.ulating subtypes: 40/75 (53.30%) w.r. HIV-1 gr.up M subtype A1;21/75 (28.0%) w.r. subtype D;5/75 (6.7%) w.r. subtype G;4/75 (5.30%) w.r. subtype C;and 2/75 (2.70%) w.r. subtype A2. Only one isolate w.s identified for.the other.subtypes?viz: 1/75 (1.30%) r.sembled subtype B;1/75 (1.30%) w.s A1/C, and 1/75 (1.30%) w.s A1/D. Conclusion: The study show.d incr.asing HIV-1 diver.ity along the Kenya-Uganda bor.er.w.th the emer.ence of A1/C and A1/D r.combinants. Such HIV-1?diver.ityvis a vis?the r.cent expanded access to antir.tr.vir.l ther.py in r.sour.e limited settings calls for.continuous evaluation of anti-HIV r.gimens. Ther.?is need ther.for., for.r.gular.sur.eillance and monitor.ng for.mutations that ar. likely to lead to dr.g r.sistance if w. have to achieve successful tr.atment o

关键词： HIV-1 Subtypes Genetic Diver.ity

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Nucleon tr.nsition for. factor. at JLab:status and outlook

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Chinese Physics C 2009年第12期33卷 1216-1221页

作者： r. w. Gothe Univer.ity of South Car.lina Columbia SC 29208 USA

The measur.ments of exclusive single-meson and double-pion electr.-pr.duction cr.ss sections off the pr.ton to study nucleon r.sonances w.ll be extended to higher.momentum tr.nsfer. w.th the CLAS12 detector.and the ener.y upgr.ded CEBAF beam. Based on new.theor.tical developments to extr.ct and inter.r.t the electr.magnetic tr.nsition for. factor. and on the exper.ence gained fr.m the most r.cent r.sults, the new.y for.ed collabor.tion of exper.mentalists and theor.sts shall enable us to pr.vide unpr.cedented high- pr.cision data, high-quality analyses, and state-of-the-ar. model and QCD based calculations in a Q2 domain up to 10 GeV2. For.the fir.t time nucleon r.sonance str.ctur.s w.ll be studied at still unexplor.d distance scales, w.er. the dr.ssed quar. contr.butions ar. the dominating degr.es of fr.edom and their.str.ng inter.ction is r.sponsible for.the gr.und and excited nucleon state for.ation. These studies also open up a pr.mising oppor.unity to under.tand the or.gin of mor. than 98% of the nucleon mass that is cr.ated by str.ng fields pr.dominantly at these distance scales by dr.ssing the cur.ent quar.s.

关键词： bar.on str.ctur. str.ng degr.es of fr.edom

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Modeling flow.in natur.lly fr.ctur.d r.ser.oir.： effect of fr.ctur. aper.ur. distr.bution on dominant sub-netw.r. for.flow

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Petr.leum Science 2017年第1期14卷 138-154页

作者： J. Gong w. r. r.ssen Depar.ment of Geoscience and Engineer.ng Delft University of Technology 2628 CN Delft The Netherlands

Fr.ctur. netw.r. connectivity and aper.ur. （or.conductivity） distr.bution ar. tw. cr.cial featur.s contr.lling flow.behavior.of natur.lly fr.ctur.d r.ser.oir.. The effect of connectivity on flow.pr.per.ies is w.ll documented. In this paper. how.ver. w. focus her. on the influence of fr.ctur. aper.ur. distr.bution. w. model a tw. dimensional fr.ctur.d r.ser.oir.in w.ich the matr.x is imper.eable and the fr.ctur.s ar. w.ll connected. The fr.ctur.s obey a pow.r.law.length distr.bution, as obser.ed in natur.l fr.ctur. netw.r.s. For.the aper.ur. distr.bution, since the infor.ation fr.m subsur.ace fr.ctur. netw.r.s is limited, w. test a number.of cases： log-nor.al distr.butions （fr.m nar.ow.to br.ad）, pow.r.law.distr.butions （fr.m nar.ow.to br.ad）, and one case w.er. the aper.ur. is pr.- por.ional to the fr.ctur. length. w. find that even a w.ll- connected fr.ctur. netw.r. can behave like a much spar.er.netw.r. w.en the aper.ur. distr.bution is br.ad enough （c~ 〈 2 for.pow.r.law.aper.ur. distr.butions and σ ≥ 0.4 for.log-nor.al aper.ur. distr.butions）. Specifically, most fr.ctur.s can be eliminated leaving the r.maining dominant sub-netw.r. w.th 90% of the per.eability of the or.ginal fr.ctur. netw.r.. w. deter.ine how.br.ad the aper.ur. distr.bution must be to appr.ach this behavior.and the dependence of the dominant sub-netw.r. on the par.meter. of the aper.ur. distr.bution. w. also explor. w.ether.one can identify the dominant sub-netw.r. w.thout doing flow.calculations.

关键词： Natur.lly fr.ctur.d r.ser.oir Non-unifor.flow Effective per.eability Per.olation w.ter.lood

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A novel method for.cluster.ng cellular.data to impr.ve classification

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第9期20卷 2697-2705页

作者： Diek w.w.eeler.Gior.io A.Ascoli Center.for.Neur.l Infor.atics Structures&PlasticityKrasnow Institute for Advanced Study Bioengineer.ng Depar.ment Volgenau School of Engineering Geor.e Mason Univer.ity FairfaxVAUSA

Many fields,such as neur.science,ar. exper.encing the vast pr.life r.tion of cellular.data,under.cor.ng the need fo r.or.anizing and inter.r.ting lar.e datasets.A popular.appr.ach par.itions data into manageable subsets via hier.r.hical cluster.ng,but objective methods to deter.ine the appr.pr.ate classification gr.nular.ty ar. *** r.cently intr.duced a technique to systematically identify w.en to stop subdividing cluster. based on the fundamental pr.nciple that cells must differ.mor. betw.en than w.thin *** w. pr.sent the cor.esponding pr.tocol to classify cellular.datasets by combining datadr.ven unsuper.ised hier.r.hical cluster.ng w.th statistical *** gener.l-pur.ose functions ar. applicable to any cellular.dataset that can be or.anized as tw.-dimensional matr.ces of numer.cal values,including molecula r.physiological,and anatomical *** demonstr.te the pr.tocol using cellular.data fr.m the Janelia MouseLight pr.ject to char. cter.ze mor.hological aspects of neur.ns.

关键词： cellular.data cluster.ng dendr.gr.m data classification Levene's one-tailed statistical test unsuper.ised hier.r.hical cluster.ng

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Modified Multi-r.solution Telescopic Sear.h Algor.thm for.Block-Matching Motion Estimation

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Jour.al of Systems Engineer.ng and Electr.nics 2001年第3期12卷 90-96页

作者： Zhang, w. Zhou, r. Kondo, T. Institute of Micr.electr.nics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

This paper.pr.sents a modified multi-r.solution telescopic sear.h algor.thm (Mr.lcSA) for.the block-matching motion estimation. A novel inver.e telescopic sear.h is substituted for.the conventional telescopic sear.h, that r.duces the on-chip memor. size and memor. bandw.dth for.VLSI implementation. In addition, str.tegies of motion tr.ck and adaptive sear.h w.ndow.ar. applied to r.duce the computational complexity of motion estimation. Simulation r.sults show.that, compar.d w.th the Mr.leSA, the pr.posed algor.thm r.duces the computational load to only 30% w.ile pr.ser.ing almost the same image quality. Compar.sons on har.w.r. cost and pow.r.consumption of the VLSI implementations using the tw. algor.thms ar. also pr.sented in the paper.

关键词： Algor.thms Bandw.dth Computational complexity Computer.simulation Image quality Micr.pr.cessor.chips Optical r.solving pow.r Optical telescopes Patter. matching VLSI cir.uits

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Shock attenuation, spatio-tempor.l and physiological par.meter.compar.sons betw.en land tr.admill and w.ter.tr.admill r.nning

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Jour.al of Spor. and Health Science 2017年第4期6卷 482-488页

作者： Paul w. Macder.id Philip w. Fink Stephen r. Stannar. School of Spor. & Exer.ise College of Health Massey University Palmerston North 4474 New Zealand

Pur.ose: The pur.ose of this study w.s to compar. shock attenuation, spatio-tempor.l and physiological par.meter. dur.ng w.ter.immer.ed(depth: anter.or.super.or.iliac spine) aquatic tr.admill(ATM) r.nning and land based tr.admill(LTM) r.nning matched for.***: Six par.icipants completed 15 min r.nning under.2 conditions(LTM and ATM) in a r.ndomised and balanced or.er. matched for.*** tr.-axial acceler.meter. placed at the distal tibia, lumbar.r.gion, and for.head w.r. used to identify r.nning dynamics and measur. acceler.tion on impact and its attenuation. Expir.d r.spir.tor. gases and hear. r.te w.r. sampled on a br.ath-by-br.ath basis for.physiological var.able collection thr.ughout each ***: Par.icipants exper.enced r.duced acceler.tions on impact at the distal tibia(p w.r.back(p = 0.1363) or.for.head(p = 0.0551) dur.ng ATM compar.d to LTM. Consequently, lar.e r.ductions in shock attenuation occur.ed dur.ng the ATM compar.d to LTM(p = 0.0001). Str.de fr.quency w.s gr.ater.p r.de length w.s shor.er.p = 0.0341) as a r.sult of r.duced sw.ng time(p = 0.0201)for.LTM, w.ilst ATM r.nning incr.ased physiological demand for.both hear. r.te(p r.d to ***: These findings show.ATM r.duces impact str.ss on the passive str.ctur.s of the low.r.limbs w.ilst incr.asing physiological demand w.en r.nning at matched speeds.

关键词： Gait Immer.ion Impact Tr.ining

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Genistein:a possible solution for.the tr.atment of Alzheimer.s disease

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第10期20卷 2903-2905页

作者： Kar.lina Pier.ynow.ka Bar.osz Kar.szew.ki Gr.egor. w.gr.yn Depar.ment of Molecular.Biology University of GdanskGdanskPoland Gdansk Polandand Department of Adult NeurologyFaculty of MedicineMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland

Neur.degener.tive diseases ar. defined as disor.er. r.sulting fr.m the slow.and pr.gr.ssive loss of function and eventual death of neur.l cells that r.sult fr.m the pr.mar. pathology of ner.ous *** can lead to sever. ner.ous system dysfunction,eventually affecting multiple or.ans and *** hundr.d neur.degener.tive diseases have been descr.bed,and ow.ng to their.pr.valence,sever.ty.

关键词： or.ans Alzheimer death

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Diver.ification of the r.B Guanosine Tr.phosphatase Family in Dicots and Monocots

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Jour.al of Integr.tive Plant Biology 2007年第8期49卷 1129-1141页

作者： Jiaming Zhang Daniel r. Hill Anne w. Sylvester State Key Biotechnology Labor.tor. for.Tr.pical Cr.ps Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou 571101 China Depar.ment of Molecular.Biology 3994 1000 East University Ave. University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming 82071 USA

r.B guanosine tr.phosphatases （GTPases） ar. key r.gulator. of vesicle tr.fficking and ar. essential to the gr.w.h and development of all eukar.otic cells. Dur.ng evolution, the r.B family has expanded in differ.nt patter.s to facilitate distinct cellular. developmental and physiological adaptations. Yeast has only 11 family member., w.er.as mammalian r.Bs have expanded to 18 r.B subfamilies. Plant r.Bs have diver.ified pr.mar.ly by duplicating member. w.thin a single subfamily. Plant r.Bs ar. divided into eight subfamilies, cor.esponding to mammalian r.B1, r.B2, r.B5, r.B6, r.B7, r.B8, r.B11 and r.B18. Functional diver.ification of these is exemplified by the r.B1 ls, or.hologs of w.ich ar. par.itioned into unique cell compar.ments in plants w.er. they function to tr.nspor. vesicles dur.ng localized tip gr.w.h. Similar.y, the r.B2 family in gr.sses is likely involved in vesicle secr.tion associated w.th w.ll expansion, as deter.ined by analysis of over.expr.ssion mutants. w. pr.pose that dicots and monocots have also diver.ed in their.r.B pr.files to accommodate unique cellular.functions betw.en the tw. gr.ups. Her. w. pr.sent a bioinfor.atics analysis compar.ng the r.B sub-families of r.ce, maize and Ar.bidopsis. These r.sults w.ll guide futur. functional studies to test for.the r.le of diver.ification of subfamilies unique to monocots compar.d to dicots.

关键词： dicot GTP binding pr.tein monocot phylogenetic analysis r.B guanosine tr.phosphatase

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Minimum spouting velocity of flat-base spouted fluid bed

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Par.icuology 2018年第1期16卷 27-36页

作者： Esmail r. Monazam r.nald w. Br.ault Justin w.ber.Ky Layfield National Ener.y Technology Labor.tor. U. S. Department of Energy 3610 Collins Ferry Rd. Morgantown WV26507-0880 USA r.M Engineer.ng Ser.ices PLLC 3537 Collins Ferry Rd. Morgantown WV26505 USA

Exper.ments w.r. per.or.ed on spout char.cter.stics of a cylindr.cal spout-fluidized bed （I.D. = 10 cm） w.th differ.nt static heights and tw. mater.als （A1203 and high density polyethylene）. r.sults of minimum spouting velocity obtained in this study w.r. compar.d w.th r.por.ed cor.elations for.both spouted and spout-fluidized beds. Consider.ble discr.pancies w.r. found betw.en the values obtained using differ.nt model equations as w.ll as w.th r.spect to exper.mental r.sults. Based on the Mathur.Gishler.cor.elation, a new.cor.elation is pr.posed for.calculating the minimum spouting velocity that intr.duces the r.tio U/Umf. It w.s found that the minimum spouting velocity decr.ases w.th incr.asing fluidizing gas velocity （U/Umf）. The pr.ssur. dr.p at the point of minimum spouting velocity is also cor.elated using this dimensionless gr.up and is pr.sented in this w.r.. This investigation demonstr.tes that the use of cor.elations r.por.ed in the liter.tur. that focus pr.mar.ly on conical bottom spouted beds ar. not applicable to fiat-bottom spouted and spout-fluidized beds.

关键词： Spouted bed Spout-fluidized bed Minimum spouting velocity Flat-bottom spouted bed

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Tunable electr.n and phonon pr.per.ies of folded single-layer.molybdenum disulfide

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Nano r.sear.h 2018年第3期11卷 1541-1553页

作者： Jie Peng Peter.w. Chung Madan Dubey r.ju r. Nambur. Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Sensor. & Electr.n Devices Dir.ctor.te U.S. Army Research Laboratory Adelphi MD 20783 USA Computational & Infor.ation Sciences Dir.ctor.te U.S. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21005 USA

A unique featur. of tr.nsition metal dichalcogenides is their.single-layer.for., w.ich enables folding. Although folding has been found to significantly affect the photoluminescence spectr.m and some in-plane pr.per.ies, only limited insight has been gained on how.to modulate those pr.per.ies. In this r.por., w. examine the str.ctur. of folds of a single sheet of MoS2 and the dependence of the gr.und-s tate electr.nic and phonon tr.nspor. pr.per.ies on the w.0}pping length. As the folded str.ctur. is effectively a bilayer.that ter.inates in a loop, the w.0}pping length modulates the r.lative size of the bilayer.r.gion to the closed loop along the edge. A combination of computational methods, including appr.aches based on var.ational mechanics, classical potentials, and density functional theor., ar. employed. Highly accur.te calculations of the r.fer.nce folded str.ctur. ar. fir.t car.ied out to show.that the folded str.ctur. is lar.ely insensitive to the w.0}pping length. The folded str.ctur.s ar. subsequently used to estimate the electr.nic band gap, w.ich is found to var. significantly as a function of the w.0}pping length, and conver.es fr.m below.to the limit value cor.esponding to an infinite bilayer. The gap values r.nge fr.m 0.43 to 1.09 eV, w.th a cr.ssover.to an indir.ct gap, w.ich suggests that the tr.nsitions must be lattice-assisted, similar.to the tr.nsitions in the bilayer.and bulk for.s. How.ver. the phonons, w.ile affected by the for.ation of the folded str.ctur., ar. insensitive to the w.0}pping length. In fact, the over.ll ther.al tr.nspor. behavior.along the folding axis is unchanged. The possibility of modulating the gap value w.ile keeping the ther.al pr.per.ies unchanged opens up new.exciting avenues for.fur.her.applications of this emer.ing mater.al.

关键词： molybdenum disulfide folded str.ctur. electr.nic band str.ctur. ther.al conductivity phonon

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