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Study on the Effect of Var.ation of Flow in Sequencing Batch r.actor.Using PCA and ANOVA

Jour.al of Geoscience and Envir.nment Pr.tection 2017年第4期5卷 56-74页

作者： Govindasamy Vijayan r. saravanane T. Sundar.r.jan Public Wor.s Depar.ment Puducherry India Depar.ment of Civil Engineer.ng Pondicherry Engineering College Puducherry India

Wastewater.tr.atment using Sequencing Batch r.actor.(SBr. technology is one of the state-of-the ar. wastewater.management systems. In this technology equalization, biological tr.atment and secondar. clar.fication ar. per.or.ed in a single r.actor.in a time contr.l sequence. SBr.system is idler.for.the ar.as wher. the available land is limited, since it oper.tes in less space and ver. cost effective even on small scales. The contr.l of the oper.tional par.meter. dur.ng the pr.cess of biological wastewater.tr.atment is often complicated due to the dynamic change in the composition and char.cter.stics of the r.w wastewater. flow r.tes and other.par.meter. influencing the complex natur. of the tr.atment pr.cess and the pr.cess in SBr.has a unique cyclic batch oper.tion. The per.or.ance of the SBr.was studied using pilot and r.al plant at Puducher.y. The par.meter. consider.d in this study ar. flow, Mixed Liquor.Suspended Solids (MLSS), pH, temper.tur., influent and effluent of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). As a par. of the study, the effect of constant flow and var.ing flow on the or.anic loading of the influent TSS, BOD and COD and their.influence on the or.anic load of the effluent par.meter. wer. examined to identify the level of significance of the par.meter. in r.lation to the flow. The impact of flow on other.par.meter. was also examined. The exper.mental data obtained fr.m pilot and r.al plants wer. analyzed using multi var.ate statistical analyses like cor.elation analysis, Pr.ncipal Component Analysis (PCA) and Analysis of var.ance (ANOVA). The statistical analysis r.vealed that constant flow had no significant r.le and the influent par.meter. alone had the cr.tical r.le, wher.as var.ing flow as well as the influent par.meter. had the significant r.le on the per.or.ance of SBr.

关键词： Sequencing Batch r.actor (SBr. Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) Pr.ncipal Component Analysis (PCA) Analysis of Var.ance (ANOVA)

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Spatial Var.ability of Gr.und Water.Quality Using HCA, PCA and MANOVA at Lawspet, Puducher.y in India

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Computational Water. Ener.y, and Envir.nmental Engineer.ng 2017年第3期6卷 243-268页

作者： N. Sur.sh Nathan r. saravanane T. Sundar.r.jan Depar.ment of Civil Engineer.ng Pondicherry Engineering College Puducherry India

In gr.und water.quality studies multivar.ate statistical techniques like Hier.r.hical Cluster.Analysis (HCA), Pr.ncipal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor.Analysis (FA) and Multivar.ate Analysis of Var.ance (MANOVA) wer. employed to evaluate the pr.ncipal factor. and mechanisms gover.ing the spatial var.ations and to assess sour.e appor.ionment at Lawspet ar.a in Puducher.y, India. PCA/FA has made the fir.t known factor.which showed the anthr.pogenic impact on gr.und water.quality and this dominant factor.explained 82.79% of the total var.ance. The other.four.factor. identified geogenic and har.ness components. The distr.bution of fir.t factor.scor.s por.r.y high loading for.EC, TDS, Na+ and Cl−(anthr.pogenic) in south east and south west par.s of the study ar.a, wher.as other.factor.scor.s depict high loading for.HCO3−, Mg2+, Ca2+ and TH (har.ness and geogenic) in the nor.h west and south west par.s of the study ar.a. K+ and SO42−(geogenic) ar. dominant in south easter. dir.ction. Fur.her.MANOVA showed that ther. ar. significant differ.nces between gr.und water.quality par.meter.. The spatial distr.bution maps of water.quality par.meter. have r.nder.d a power.ul and pr.ctical visual tool for.defining, inter.r.ting, and distinguishing the anthr.pogenic, har.ness and geogenic factor. in the study ar.a. Fur.her.the study indicated that multivar.ate statistical methods have successfully assessed the gr.und water.qualitatively and spatially with a mor. effective step towar.s gr.und water.quality management.

关键词： HCA PCA FA MANOVA Spatial Var.ability Puducher.y India

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Application of ANN and MLr.Models on Gr.undwater.Quality Using CWQI at Lawspet, Puducher.y in India

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Jour.al of Geoscience and Envir.nment Pr.tection 2017年第3期5卷 99-124页

作者： N. Sur.sh Nathan r. saravanane T. Sundar.r.jan Depar.ment of Civil Engineer.ng Pondicherry Engineering College Puducherry India

With r.spect to gr.undwater.deter.or.tion fr.m human activities a unique situation of co-disposal of non-engineer.d Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) dumping and Secondar. Wastewater.(SWW) disposal on land pr.vails simultaneously within the same campus at Puducher.y in India. Br.adly the objective of the study is to apply and compar. Ar.ificial Neur.l Networ. (ANN) and Multi Linear.r.gr.ssion (MLr. models on gr.undwater.quality applying Canadian Water.Quality Index (CWQI). Totally, 1065 water.samples fr.m 68 bor. wells wer. collected for.two year. on monthly basis and tested for.17 physio-chemical and bacter.ological par.meter.. However.the study was r.str.cted to the pollution aspects of 10 physio-chemical par.meter. such as EC, TDS, TH, , Cl-, , Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+. As ther. is wide spatial var.ation (2 to 3 km r.dius) with gr.und elevation (mor. than 45 m) among the bor. wells it is appr.pr.ate to study the gr.undwater.quality using Multivar.ate Statistical Analysis and ANN. The selected ten par.meter. wer. subjected to Hier.r.hical Cluster.Analysis (HCA) and the cluster.ng pr.cedur. gener.ted thr.e well defined cluster.. Cluster.wise impor.ant physio-chemical attr.butes which wer. alter.d by MSW and SWW oper.tions, ar. statistically assessed. The CWQI was evolved with the objective to deliver.a mechanism for.inter.r.ting the water.quality data for.all thr.e cluster.. The ANOVA test r.sults viz., F-statistic (F = 134.55) and p-value (p = 0.000 2, low r.SE and MAE values but in Cluster.3 only ANN model far.d well. Thus this study will be ver. useful to decision maker. in solving water.quality pr.blems.

关键词： Canadian Water Quality Index Multi-Linear r.gr.ssion Ar.ificial Neur.l Networ. Simulation Compar.son

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Car.on Footpr.nt Analyses of Wastewater.Tr.atment Systems in Puducher.y

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Computational Water. Ener.y, and Envir.nmental Engineer.ng 2017年第3期6卷 281-303页

作者： G. Vijayan r. saravanane T. Sundar.r.jan Public Wor.s Depar.ment Puducherry India Depar.ment of Civil Engineer.ng Pondicherry Engineering College Puducherry India

Car.on footpr.nt analysis is a method to quantify the life cycle Gr.enhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions and identify the measur. to r.duce climate change impacts. The Inter.over.mental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has identified that the global war.ing and climate change which is one of the most impor.ant issues in the domain of envir.nment ar. caused by the excessive emission of Gr.enhouse Gases (GHG) mainly constituting Car.on dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitr.us oxide (N2O). The municipal wastewater.tr.atment plant r.ceives wastewater.for.tr.atment and finally dischar.es the tr.ated effluent. The emissions of GHG dur.ng the tr.atment of wastewater.as well as dur.ng the tr.atment pr.cess of sludge and also for.ener.y gener.tion ar. known to be on-site GHG emissions. Off-site GHG emissions ar. gener.ted due to tr.nspor.ation and disposal of sludge, off-site ener.y and chemical pr.duction. In Puducher.y, the municipal wastewater.is being tr.ated using oxidation ponds, Upflow Anaer.bic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Sequencing Batch r.actor.(SBr.. Wastewater.tr.atment using Sequencing Batch r.actor.(SBr. technology is one of the state-of-the ar. wastewater.management systems. In this technology equalization, biological tr.atment and secondar. clar.fication ar. per.or.ed in a single r.actor.in a time contr.l sequence. The emissions of GHG fr.m the Oxidation ponds of 12.5 MLD, UASB r.actor.of 2.5 MLD and SBr.of 17 MLD wer. assessed based on the IPCC guidelines and the total emissions of GHG in ter.s of equivalent of CO2 wer. compar.d. The per.or.ance of the SBr.is mor. efficient and the emissions of GHG ar. less than the emissions in the UASB as well as in oxidation ponds. The emission of GHG in SBr.is about 60% of the existing tr.atment systems of oxidation ponds and UASB thus a r.duction of 40% GHG emission could be achieved.

关键词： Gr.enhouse Gas (GHG) Inter.over.mental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Global War.ing Potential (GWP) Sequencing Batch r.actor (SBr. Upflow Anaer.bic Sludge Blanket (UASB)

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