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Nuclear.Science and Techniques 2006年第2期17卷 83-85页

作者： LI Nai-Nin D. W. THAYEr.r. GATES D. SCHWAr.Z r. richardson Institute of Atomic Ener.y Application Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences （JAAS） Nanjing 210014 China Food Safety r.sear.h United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Eastern Regional Research Center 600 East Mermaid lane Wyndmoor Pennsylvania 19038 USA

A kind of alfalfa seeds was ir.adiated by 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kGy at a dose r.te of 6.288 kGy·h-1 in a self-shielded ir.adiator.of 137Cs gamma r.ys. The EPr.spectr., which wer. measur.d subsequently between 0.3401 and 0.3501 T, showed that ther. was a dir.ct pr.por.ional r.lationship between the EPr.signal str.ngth of fr.e r.di- cals pr.duced by gamma ir.adiation in the alfalfa seeds and absor.ed dose. The fir.t der.vative EPr.spectr. of the al- falfa seeds wer. ver. clear.and easy to identify. However. the EPr.signal str.ngth of the peak-to-peak amplitude de- cr.ased r.pidly and most of them decayed beyond 50% within 3 days after.the seeds wer. ir.adiated. It tended to sta- bilize after.half a month since the seeds wer. ir.adiated. The differ.nces of the EPr.signal str.ngth between the ir.a- diated and unir.adiated alfalfa seeds still r.mained. All seeds wer. stor.d at ambient temper.tur. for.mor. than 3 months. Ther.for., using EPr.spectr.metr. technique to measur. fr.e r.dicals in alfalfa seeds as a means to deter. mine whether.the seeds have been ir.adiated or.not is feasible, r.latively fast and simple.

关键词：紫花苜蓿种子 EPr.谱自由基 Gamma辐射

The need for.a new fr.mewor. for.the economic evaluation of health ser.ices in a national health scheme

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Health 2010年第9期2卷 1120-1133页

作者： Jeff r. richardson John McKie Kompal Sinha Centr. for.Health Economics Monash University

The nor.ative theor. of economic evaluation and its welfar. theor.tic basis ar. deeply pr.blematical and r.sult in r.commendations which ar. potentially unfair. The r.ot cause of the pr.blem is the set of assumptions behind the theor. which posit behaviour. and motivations that ar. not univer.al, and which exclude other.behaviour. and motivations that ar. potentially impor.ant. As falsification of assumptions may be evaded indefinitely this paper.pr.sents an alter.ative cr.tique. We commence with six an- omalies with the theor. which ar. attr.butable to the assumptions. The fir.t thr.e—the net pr.sent value cr.ter.on, the willingness to pay cr.ter.on and mor.l hazar.—ar.se fr.m welfar. theor.. The r.maining thr.e ar. associated with the pr.sent definition of cost, the concept of efficiency and the omission of shar.ng, which ar. common to most economic evaluation. We ar.ue that these anomalies ar. indicative of a defective cor. theor. and that they ar. equivalent to obser.ations that conflict with a positive theor.. In the final section we outline and illustr.te a mor. gener.l fr.mewor. for.decision making that is capable of over.oming the ano- malies we discuss.

关键词： Economic Evaluation Economic Costs Welfar. Theor. Empir.cal Ethics Cost Benefit Analysis

Investigation of fr.nt pool width penetr.tion contr.l for.application to var.ing plate thickness

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China Welding 1997年第2期 118-124页

作者： LI Yidan r. W richardson (Welding Depar.ment, Tianjian Univer.ity, Tianjin, 300072, P.r.China Associate Pr.f. r. W. richardson, Depar.ment of Welding Engineer.ng, The Ohio State Univer.ity, Columbus, OH, USA.)

The influence of plate thickness on the penetr.tion in GTA W was investigated and a theor.tical heat flow model for.a plate of finite thickness has been utilized ic investigate the r.lationship between fr.nt and back pool widths. Then. a fr.nt pool width penetr.tion contr.l appr.ach has been studied, which contr.ls penetr.tion under.the var.ation of plate thickness. A penetr.tion contr.l system for.autogenous GTA welding has been utilized which includes a coaxiad weld pool imaging system and computer.vision pr.cessing system to sense the fr.nt width of the GTA weld pool. Empir.cal r.sults show the good per.or.ance of this penetr.tion contr.l appr.ach in the pr.sence of var.ations in joint plant thickness of I mm (0.04 inch) to 3 mm (0. 125 inch).

关键词： penetr.tion contr.l. GTAW. welding

Like mother. like daughter. her.tability of female richardson＇s gr.und squir.el Ur.citellus richardsonii cor.isol str.ss r.sponses

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Cur.ent Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 153-163页

作者： Kevin r. BAIr.S-NOVAK Calen r.r.AN Angela r. Fr.EMAN W. Gar. ANDEr.ON James F, HAr. Depar.ment of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada Depar.mentof Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5E2 Saskatchewan Canada Depar.ment ofAnthr.pology Northwestern University Evanston 60208 Illinois USA Depar.ment of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent 44242 Ohio USA

Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitar.-adr.nal （HPA） axis liber.tes glucocor.icoids, which pr.vides an acute indication of an individual＇s r.sponse to str.ssor.. The her.tability of the str.ss r.sponse in wild mammals, however. r.mains poor.y documented. We quantified the cor.isol str.ss r.sponse of female richardson＇s gr.und squir.els （r.Ss） to handling and physical r.str.int, testing for. （1） the effects of individual age, time of day, and sample latency; （2） r.peatability within individuals; （3） nar.ow-sense her.tability; and （4） differ.nces among individuals owing to potential genetic and/or.envir.nmental effects. We detected a positive linear.r.lationship between baseline plasma cor.isol （BL-cor.isol） concentr.tion and str.ss-induced plasma cor.isol （Sl-cor.isol） concentr.tion that defined each individual＇s cor.isol str.ss r.sponse. BL-cor.isol, SI-cor.isol, and str.ss r.sponse did not differ.accor.ing to the time the sample was taken, or.by subject age. Cor.isol str.ss r.sponse was highly r.peatable within individuals, had a mother.offspr.ng her.tability of h2 =0.40 ± 0.24 （mean ±SE）, full-sibling her.tability of h2s = 0.37 ± 0.71, and half-sibling her.tabil- ity of hHS^2 = 0.75 ± 1.41. Str.ss r.sponses of sibling gr.ups, immediate-family gr.ups, and squir. r.ls within a given ar.a did not differ. wher.as those of individuals fr.m mor. distantly r.lated matr.lines did. Our.r.sults highlight the natur.l var.ability in HPA axis r.activity among individuals by quantifying both BL- and SI-cor.isol levels, demonstr.te par.ial her.tability of the str.ss r.sponse that is not attr.butable to envir.nmental var.ation, and suggest that at least par. of an indi- vidual＇s str.ss r.sponse can be accounted for.by differ.nces in matr.lineal histor..

关键词： glucocor.icoids gr.und squir.el her.tability hypothalamic-pituitar.-adr.nal axis r.activity str.ss r.sponse.

A catalyst for.integr.ting analytical biology,analytical chemistr., and engineer.ng to impr.ve dr.nking water.safety: The gr.undbr.aking wor. of Dr. Michael Plewa

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 6-9页

作者： Susan D.richardson Depar.ment of Chemistr. and Biochemistr. University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

It is inter.sting how a r.ndom encounter.can pr.foundly change your.life. My r.ndom encounter.was with a young gr.duate student fr.m Michael Plewa’s labor.tor.. The location was the 1999 Amer.can Chemical Society (ACS) Confer.nce, wher., following his talk, this pr.mising r.sear.her.was being unfair.y cr.ticized by a well-established scientist. I disagr.ed with this scientist’s cr.ticism, and I encour.ged the student how I thought his wor. was impor.ant.

关键词： br.aking integr.ting analytical

Br.CHIOPODS Fr.M CHINA SEAS

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Chinese Jour.al of Oceanology and Limnology 1989年第3期7卷 211-219,221-224页

作者： J.r.richardson I.r.Stewar. 刘锡兴 Museum of Victor.a Australia Dept. of Zoology Monash University Australia Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica . Qingdao

A collection of br.chiopods by the Institute of Oceanology . Academia Sinica (Qingdao ). contains eight species fr.m seven gener.. Six of the species have been r.cor.ed pr.viously fr.m Chinaseas -- Lingula adamsi . L. anatina, Discinisca Stella. Pelagodiscus allanticus, Campages mar.ae,Ter.br.talia cor.anica . Two species (Ter.br.tulina hataiana and Fr.nulina sanguinolenta)have been descr.bed fr.m other.par.s of the Pacific ar.a . The appar.nt absence of any endemic species is a notewor.hy featur. of Chinese in compar.son with Japanese faunas .

关键词： Qingdao gener. appar.nt Japanese collection endemic stella Shandong Fujian Austr.lian

A new technique helps to uncover.unknown peptides and disinfection by-pr.ducts in water

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 6-8页

作者： Susan D.richardson Cr.stina Postigo Depar.ment of Chemistr. and Biochemistr. University of South Carolina Depar.ment of Envir.nmental Chemistr. Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research-Spanish National Research Council(IDAEA-CSIC)

Envir.nmental water.samples can be extr.mely complex,with potentially thousands of molecules that can der.ve fr.m natur.l or.anic matter.NOM）and thousands that der.ve fr.m anthr.pogenic *** complex as these samples ar.,dr.nking water.can be even mor. *** to disinfectants that ar. used to tr.at dr.nking water.e.g.,chlor.ne,chlor.mines,

关键词： Disinfection by-pr.ducts(DBPs) Dr.nking water.Halogenated peptides Liquid chr.matogr.phy Natur.l or.anic matter.NOM) Non-tar.eted analysis Tandem mass spectr.metr. Water.contaminants

Do DBPs swim in salt water.pools? Compar.son of 60 DBPs for.ed by electr.chemically gener.ted chlor.ne vs. conventional chlor.ne

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 232-241页

作者： Car.line O.Gr.nger.Susan D.richardson Depar.ment of Chemistr. and Biochemistr. University of South Carolina631 Sumter St.ColumbiaSC 29208USA

Disinfectants ar. added to swimming pools to kill har.ful pathogens. Although liquid chlor.ne(sodium hypochlor.te) is the most commonly used disinfectant, alter.ative disinfection techniques like electr.chemically gener.ted mixed oxidants or.electr.chemically gener.ted chlor.ne, often r.fer.ed to as salt water.pools, ar. gr.wing in popular.ty. However. these disinfectants r.act with natur.l or.anic matter.and anthr.pogenic contaminants intr.duced to the pool water.by swimmer. to for. disinfection bypr.ducts(DBPs). DBPs have been linked to sever.l adver.e health effects, such as bladder.cancer. adver.e bir.h outcomes, and asthma. In this study, we quantified 60 DBPs using gas chr.matogr.phy-mass spectr.metr. and assessed the calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of an indoor.community swimming pool befor. and after.switching to a salt water.pool with electr.chemically gener.ted chlor.ne. Inter.stingly, the total DBPs incr.ased by 15% upon implementation of the salt water.pool, but the calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity decr.ased by 45% and 15%, r.spectively. Pr.dominant DBP classes for.ed wer. haloacetic acids, with tr.chlor.acetic acid and dichlor.acetic acid contr.buting 57% of the aver.ge total DBPs for.ed. Haloacetonitr.les, haloacetic acids, and haloacetaldehydes wer. the pr.mar. dr.ver. of calculated cytotoxicity, and haloacetic acids wer. the pr.mar. dr.ver.of calculated genotoxicity. Diiodoacetic acid, a highly toxic iodinated DBP, is r.por.ed for.the fir.t time in swimming pool water. Br.mide impur.ties in sodium chlor.de used to electr.chemically gener.te chlor.ne led to a 73% incr.ase in br.minated DBPs, pr.mar.ly dr.ven by br.mochlor.acetic acid. This study pr.sents the most extensive DBP study to-date for.salt water.pools.

关键词： Disinfection bypr.ducts Swimming pools Cytotoxicity Genotoxicity GC-MS

Seasonal dynamics of cyanobacter.a and eukar.otic phytoplankton in a multipler.ser.oir.r.cycling ir.igation system

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Ecological Pr.cesses 2019年第1期8卷 465-475页

作者： Ping Kong Patr.cia richardson Chuanxue Hong Hampton r.ads Agr.cultur.l r.sear.h and Extension Center Virginia Tech1444 Diamond Springs RoadVirginia BeachVA 23455USA

Backgr.und:Agr.cultur.l r.noff r.cycling systems ar. manmade aquatic ecosystems of gr.wing significance to global water.sustainability,cr.p health,and *** study investigated the seasonal dynamics of micr.bial community in a thr.e-r.ser.oir.r.cycling ir.igation system with a stepwise water.flow and compar.d with that of an adjacent r.noff-fr.e *** water.fr.m all pr.duction ar.as was captur.d in a sedimentation r.ser.oir.which over.lowed to a tr.nsition r.ser.oir.then r.tention r.ser.oir.thr.ugh a *** water.was pumped to r.plenish the r.ser.oir. as needed dur.ng gr.wing ***:16S r.NA PCr.clone libr.r.es of quar.er.y water.samples fr.m thr.e r.ser.oir. and one str.am wer. sequenced,and 575 oper.tional taxonomic units(OTUs)wer. identified and assigned to cyanobacter.a,eukar.otic phytoplankton,and other.*** compar.d to the str.am,thr.e r.ser.oir. consistently had low micr.bial diver.ity.A distinct seasonal patter. of micr.bial community str.ctur. was obser.ed for.each r.ser.oir.and the *** was consistently dominated by other.*** r.ser.oir.was dominated by cyanobacter.a dur.ng the summer.and fall and eukar.otic phytoplankton dur.ng the winter.and *** r.ser.oir.was dominated by cyanobacter.a beginning in the spr.ng but that dominance was alter.d when water.was pumped fr.m the str.am fr.m ear.y spr.ng to fall *** r.ser.oir.had the gr.atest shift of micr.bial community str.ctur.,being dominated by other.bacter.a in the summer.cyanobacter.a in the fall,and eukar.otic phytoplankton in the winter.and *** temper.tur. and ammonium level wer. the two most impor.ant contr.buting factor. to the seasonality of micr.bial community in these ***:The thr.e r.cycling ir.igation r.ser.oir. consistently had lower.micr.bial diver.ity and distinct community str.ctur. when compar.d to the *** r.ser.oir. wer. typically dominated by cyanobacter.a dur

关键词： Bacter.a Cyanobacter.a Phytoplankton Seasonal dynamics Water.r.cycling Water.quality

For.ation of iodo-tr.halomethanes, iodo-haloacetic acids, and haloacetaldehydes dur.ng chlor.nation and chlor.mination of iodine containing water. in labor.tor. contr.lled r.actions

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 127-134页

作者： Cr.stina Postigo Susan D.richardson Damia Bar.eló Water.and Soil Quality r.sear.h Gr.up Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) Barcelona Spain Depar.ment of Chemistr. and Biochemistr. University of South Carolina SC 29208 United States Catalan Institute for.Water.r.sear.h(ICr.) Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona17003 GironaSpain

Iodine containing disinfection by-pr.ducts（I-DBPs） and haloacetaldehydes（HALs） ar. emer.ing disinfection by-pr.duct（DBP） classes of concer.. The for.er.due to its incr.ased potential toxicity and the latter.because it was found to be the thir. most r.levant DBP class in mass in a U.S. nationwide dr.nking water.study. These DBP classes have been scar.ely investigated, and this wor. was per.or.ed to fur.her.explor. their.for.ation in dr.nking water.under.chlor.nation and chlor.mination scenar.os. In or.er.to do this, iodo-tr.halomethanes（I-THMs）,iodo-haloacetic acids（I-HAAs） and selected HALs（mono-HALs and di-HALs species, including iodoacetaldehyde） wer. investigated in DBP mixtur.s gener.ted after.chlor.nation and chlor.mination of differ.nt water.matr.ces containing differ.nt levels of br.mide and iodide in labor.tor. contr.lled r.actions. r.sults confir.ed the enhancement of I-DBP for.ation in the pr.sence of monochlor.mine. While I-THMs and I-HAAs contr.buted almost equally to total I-DBP concentr.tions in chlor.nated water. I-THMs contr.buted the most to total I-DBP levels in the case of chlor.minated water. The most abundant and common I-THM species gener.ted wer. br.mochlor.iodomethane, dichlor.iodomethane, and chlor.diiodomethane. Iodoacetic acid and chlor.iodoacetic acid contr.buted the most to the total I-HAA concentr.tions measur.d in the investigated disinfected water. As for.the studied HALs, dihalogenated species wer. the compounds that pr.dominantly for.ed under.both investigated tr.atments.

关键词： Iodinated disinfection by-pr.ducts Chlor.nation Chlor.mination Dr.nking water.Mass spectr.metr. Iodo-tr.halomethanes Iodo-haloacetic acids Haloacetaldehydes