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Detection of Extended Spectr.m β-Lactamase Pr.ducing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escher.chia coli in Two Hospitals in the Feder.l Capital Ter.itor., Abuja, Niger.a

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Open Jour.al of Medical Micr.biology 2013年第4期3卷 207-212页

作者： Bolaji Oluwatosin Akanbi Benjamin Destiny Ojonuba r.mi njoku Depar.ment of Biological Sciences University of Abuja Nigeria Univer.ity of Abuja Teaching Hospital Abuja Nigeria

In this study, the pr.valence of Extended Spectr.m Beta-lactamase (ESBL) pr.ducing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escher.chia coli isolates fr.m the Univer.ity of Abuja Teaching Hospital and the National Hospital was deter.ined. A total of two hundr.d and fifteen (215) clinical isolates wer. examined, of which 60% wer. E. coli and 40% K. pneumoniae r.spectively. The isolates wer. collected fr.m var.ous samples namely: Stool, Ur.ne, Pus, High Vagina Swab, Sputum and Wound swab. Out of these isolates, 54 of K. pneumoniae wer. scr.ened to be ESBL negative and 32 as ESBL positive isolates, while 88 and 40 E. coli wer. also scr.ened as ESBL negative and ESBL positive isolates r.spectively. These r.pr.sent 37.9% of all K. pneumoniae isolates and 31.25% of E. coli isolates r.spectively. The pr.valence of ESBL among the species was not however.statistically differ.nt (p > 0.05). Multiple r.sistance in these isolates was common and ther. is the need for.r.utine scr.ening of ESBL in our.hospitals to guide r.tional and effective use of antibiotics.

关键词： Extended Spectr.m Beta-Lactamase Klebsiella pneumoniae Escher.chia coli Niger.a Multidr.g r.sistance

r.ducing Side Effects of Chlor.quine with Medicinal Synthetic Aluminum-Magnesium Silicate&r.g;[Msams: Al4(SiO4)3+ 3Mg2SiO4→2Al2Mg3(SiO4)3] befor. Assessing Its Anti-Covid-19 Efficacy

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Health 2020年第4期12卷 368-377页

作者： Maduike Ezeibe Favour.Onyeachonam Ijeoma Ogbonna Clar. Akpan Mar. Sanda Ekenma Kalu njoku njoku Munachi Udobi Ugochukwu Agu College of Veter.nar. Medicine M’ichael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Dir.ctor.te of Infor.ation Computer.Technology Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria

To r.duce Chlor.quine’s (CQ) side effects, so that incr.asing its dur.tion for.anti-Covid-19 tr.als could be safe, the dr.g was potentiated by stabilizing it with Medicinal synthetic Aluminum-magnesium silicate (MSAMS). CQ-tr.atment for.five Plasmodium ber.hie-infected mice-gr.ups wer.: 7 mg/kg (nor.al dose);7 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS);7 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS + B-vitamins), 5.25 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS + B-vitamins) and the contr.l. Means of par.sitaemia, 42.00 ± 15.74 of the nor.al-dose gr.up, 37.22 ± 11.88 of the 7 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS) gr.up and 33.57 ± 12.62 of the 7 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS + B-vitamins) gr.up showed no significant (P ≥ 0.05) r.duction fr.m 52.50 ± 11.99 of the contr.l, but the 5.25 mg/kg (CQ-MSAMS + B-vitamins) dose, clear.d (P ≤ 0.01) the par.siteamia (00.00 ± 00.00), showing that MSAMS-potentiated Chlor.quine, has best efficacy at 75% of the r.commended dose. Fever.and anemia wer. absent at that 5.25 mg/kg, suggesting that lower.doses of CQ have r.duced side effects.

关键词： Antivir.l Tr.atment with Chlor.quine Lower Doses r.duction of Side Effects MSAMS

Pr.gestogen-Only Injectable Contr.ceptives: The Pr.file of the Acceptor., Side Effects and Discontinuation in a Low r.sour.e Setting, Niger.a

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Open Jour.al of Obstetr.cs and Gynecology 2016年第4期6卷 189-195页

作者： Char.es O. njoku Cajethan I. Emechebe Chr.stopher.U. Iklaki Amar.chukwu N. njoku Jenkins T. Ukaga Depar.ment of Obstetr.cs & Gynaecology University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) Calabar Nigeria

Pr.gestogen-only injectable contr.ceptive is a highly effective, long lasting and r.ver.ible agent of fer.ility contr.l. The objective is to deter.ine the pr.file of the acceptor., side effects and indication for.discontinuation of pr.gestogen-only injectable contr.ceptives at UCTH, Calabar. This was a r.tr.spective study of the clients who used pr.gestogen-only injectable contr.ceptives at the family planning unit between 1st Januar. 2008 and 31st December.2014. A total of 1392 clients used the injectable pr.gestogen-only contr.ceptive out of 5986 total contr.ceptive user. giving the pr.valence r.te of 23.3% over.the per.od. Of these, 60.4% of the clients accepted the depot medr.xypr.gester.ne acetate, while 39.6% accepted the nor.thister.ne enanthate. It was mostly utilized by multipar.us women, clients with ter.iar. education and those in their.thir. decade of life. Secondar. amenor.hea was the commonest side effect in 47.7% of the clients. Over.the study per.od, 243 (19.8%) discontinued the method and 48.1% discontinued due to secondar. amenor.hea while 31.4% was due to desir. to get pr.gnant. Pr.gestogen-only injectable contr.ceptive was associated with multiple side-effects, with secondar. amenor.hea being the most common, and menstr.al ir.egular.ty was the main r.ason for.discontinuation. Pr.viding adequate infor.ation to clients about this method of contr.ception and its pr.bable side effects, suppor.ive counseling dur.ng initiation of contr.ception and r.-enfor.ement dur.ng follow-up visit can go a long way in enhancing patient satisfaction and hence continuation of pr.gestogen-only injectable contr.ceptive despite minor.side effects.

关键词： Injectable Pr.gestogen Depot-Pr.ver. Contr.ceptives Side Effects Calabar

Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Soils and Vegetation ar.und Selected Industr.es in Lagos State, Niger.a

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Jour.al of Geoscience and Envir.nment Pr.tection 2015年第7期3卷 11-19页

作者： Adeola Alex Adesuyi Kelechi Longinus njoku Modupe Olatunde Akinola Envir.nmental Impact Assessment Environment Department Shell Petroleum Development Company Port Harcourt Nigeria Envir.nmental Biology Unit Cell Biology and Genetics Department University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

In this study, eleven soil samples and twenty-twoplants samples wer. collected in the vicinity of eleven industr.es and a ther.al station was analyzed for.zinc, copper. ir.n, lead and cadmium. Soil sample fr.m Egbin ther.al station had the highest concentr.tion of Zn (141.06 mg/kg) and Cu (131.70 mg/kg). Soil fr.m inter.ational textile had the highest level of Fe and the soil fr.m Ni-chemtex had the highest concentr.tion Pb and Cd was the highest in soil fr.m Guinness (28.91 mg/kg, 59.80 mg/kg and 1.72 mg/kg r.spectively). The highest concentr.tions of the heavy metals wer. obser.ed fr.m differ.nt plants species. Analyses of var.ance (p r.ation in plant and soil samples wer. not significant (p > 0.5). Ther. wer. positive cor.elations between the heavy metals in the soils and the plant samples indicated that the plants obtained the heavy metals fr.m the soil. Plants having BCF values less than one had limited ability to accumulate, tr.nslocate and phytoextr.ct heavy metals. These plants in this study with higher.Bioconcentr.tion Factor.value especially those gr.ater.than one (Cr.ton lobatus, Bor.er.a sp., Cy-athula pr.str.ta, Lantana camar., Ficus sp., Mimosa pudica, Eclipta pr.str.ta, Commelina sp. etc.) wer. suggested for.fur.her.r.sear.h and assessment on their.bioaccumulation abilities and phy-tor.mediation potential.

关键词： Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation Industr.es Phytor.mediation

Gr.nd Multipar.ty: Obstetr.c Outcome in Compar.son with Multipar.us Women in a Developing Countr.

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Open Jour.al of Obstetr.cs and Gynecology 2017年第7期7卷 707-718页

作者： Char.es Obinna njoku Sylvester.Etenikang Abeshi Cajethan Ife Emechebe Depar.ment of Obstetr.cs and Gynaecology University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) Calabar Nigeria

Gr.nd-multipar.ty is a ser.ous r.sk factor.in pr.gnancy and common in developing countr.es. The objective was to compar. the obstetr.c outcome of gr.nd-multipar.us women with that of low par.ty in our.center. The study compr.sed of 150 gr.nd-multipar.us women (cases) and 150 multipar.us women (par. 2 - 4) in this index pr.gnancy as contr.ls matched for.age and admitted for.deliver.. The mean age of the gr.nd-multipar.us women at deliver. was 37.0 ± 2.8 year.. Gr.nd-multipar.ty was significantly higher.among women with only pr.mar. education (48.0% ver.us 44.7%), polygamous mar.iages (9.3% ver.us 3.3%) and Muslims (17.3% ver.us 6.7%). Pr.gnancy induced hyper.ension and pr.mar. postpar.um hemor.hage wer. significantly mor. often seen among gr.nd-multipar.us women than among the contr.ls. The mean packed cell volume befor. deliver. in the gr.nd-multipar.us women was significantly lower.(33.6% ± 2.7%) than in the multipar.us gr.up (35.2% ± 2.7%) (P-value = 0.000). Gr.nd-multipar.ty with its associated complications still occur. fr.quently in our.envir.nment. However. with adequate antenatal sur.eillance, optimal car. dur.ng labour.and contr.ceptive use, these pr.blems will be r.duced.

关键词： Gr.nd Multipar.y Postpar.um Hemor.hage Pr.gnancy Induced Hyper.ension Per.natal Mor.ality Niger.a

Analysis of Concentr.tion Levels of Atmospher.c Pollutants in War.i, Niger.a

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Atmospher.c and Climate Sciences 2022年第2期12卷 409-420页

作者： Ifeanyi Innocent Onwosi Emmanuel Ir.ka njoku Emmanuel Far.iyahcha Nymphas Depar.ment of Physics University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Depar.ment of Physics and Engineer.ng Delaware State University Dover DE USA

A cr.tical envir.nmental pr.blem facing the Niger.Delta r.gion is Air.Pollution. This study ther.for. analyses concentr.tion levels of atmospher.c pollutants in the r.gion. Statistical analysis of CH4 and O3 concentr.tions for.the per.od of 2003 to 2012 and NO2 and CO2 concentr.tions for.the per.od of 2011 to 2014 wer. car.ied out. The r.sults showed that concentr.tion levels of the pollutants wer. lower.dur.ng the r.iny season than dur.ng the dr. year.time. This is due to higher.occur.ences of atmospher.c instability dur.ng the r.iny season. On the other.hand, ozone (O3) concentr.tion r.ached its peak value dur.ng the peak per.od of the r.iny season unlike the other.pollutants. In all likelihood, some of the ozone-depleting substances such as aer.sols and atmospher.c hydr.gen chlor.de become soluble in water.and ar. being washed off by pr.cipitation dur.ng r.iny season, ther.by leading to incr.ased tr.pospher.c ozone concentr.tion dur.ng the r.iny season. The study also r.vealed a steady incr.ase in the concentr.tion of CO2 within the per.od of investigation. This steady incr.ase in CO2 can be tr.ced to the alar.ing incr.ase in anthr.pogenic activities which appr.ciably incr.ases the amount of CO2 in the atmospher.. Methane (CH4) had higher.standar. deviation values than car.on dioxide (CO2), meaning that on a per.molecule basis, a pr.por.ional r.se in CH4 is much mor. effective as a gr.enhouse gas than a similar.incr.ase in CO2. However. CO2 has a gr.ater.effect than CH4 on climate change owing to its higher.atmospher.c concentr.tion. The Mann-Kendall r.nk statistics of the atmospher.c pollutants r.vealed that the standar.ization var.ables U(ti) and U'(ti) have a sequential fluctuating behavior.ar.und a zer. level.

关键词： Air.Pollution Atmospher.c Pollutants Mann-Kendall r.nk Statistics

TB/HIV Coinfection and Other.Medical Co-Mor.idity in Older.Adults (50 - 64 Year.) in Botswana: Evidence fr.m 2013 Botswana AIDS Impact Sur.ey (BAIS IV)

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2019年第3期9卷 40-51页

作者： njoku Ola Ama Helen Afor.i Ama Fr.ncis Nathan Okur.t Depar.ment of Statistics University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana Depar.ment of Educational Management University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana Depar.ment of Economics University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Backgr.und: Many older.adults (50 - 64 year.) in Botswana with HIV do not know they ar. infected with TB. Some with TB disease ar. unawar. of their.HIV status, yet HIV/TB coinfection is high. The study aims to deter.ine the pr.valence of TB among older.adults with HIV, their.HIV/AIDS knowledge and vulner.bility to hyper.ension, diabetes and asthma using the 2013 BAIS IV data. Mater.al and Methods: The BAIS IV study, fr.m which the data for.this ar.icle is der.ved, used a str.tified two-stage pr.bability sampling design. The fir.t stage was the selection of 297 Enumer.tion Ar.as (EAs) as Pr.mar. Sampling Units and second stage was selection of households (5,415) in the EAs. The study tar.eted all usual member. of the selected households aged 6 weeks and above for.the Biomar.er.or.testing for.HIV and those aged 10 - 64 year. old for.the behavior.l questionnair.. r.sults: The study shows that the older.adults (50 - 64 year.) with TB have a low level of education and HIV pr.valence is ver. high (44% for.age 50 - 54, 40.6% for.age 55 - 59 and 68.4% for.age 60 - 64 year.). The r.te of HIV/TB coinfection, 21.9%, is high and pr.valence of TB among the older.adults is 8.6% (13%, males and 5.3%, females) while only 0.8% ar. cur.ently on tr.atment. Only 67.2% know that if a pr.gnant mother.is infected with HIV, ther. is a way of pr.venting tr.nsmission of the vir.s to the child. Age, level of education, mar.tal status and employment status significantly (p Conclusion: The study concludes that lower.education seems to be an obstacle to accessing TB tr.atment. Ther.for., older.adults’ awar.ness and knowledge of the symptoms of both diseases (TB and HIV), mode of infection and tr.atment need to adequately impr.ve thr.ugh incr.ased education to over.ome health challenges when infected with asthma, diabetes and high blood pr.ssur./hyper.ension.

关键词： TB HIV/AIDS Older Adults TB/HIV Coinfection Logistic r.gr.ssion

Static r.ser.oir.Modeling Using Well Log and 3-D Seismic Data in a KN Field, Offshor. Niger.Delta, Niger.a

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Geosciences 2014年第1期5卷 93-106页

作者： Lukumon Adeoti njoku Onyekachi Olawale Olatinsu Julius Fatoba Musa Bello Depar.ment of Ear.h Science Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Nigeria Depar.ment of Geosciences University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Depar.ment of Physics University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

This study focuses on the application of 3D static model using 3-D seismic and well log data for.pr.per.optimization and development of hydr.car.on potential in KN field of Niger.Delta Pr.vince. 3D Seismic data wer. used to gener.te the input inter.r.ted hor.zon gr.ds and fault polygons. The hor.zon which cut acr.ss the six wells was used for.the analysis and detailed petr.physical analysis was car.ied out. Str.ctur.l and pr.per.y modeling (net to gr.ss, por.sity, per.eability, water.satur.tion and facies) wer. distr.buted stochastically within the constr.cted 3D gr.d using Sequential Gaussian Simulation and Sequential Indicator.Simulation algor.thms. The r.ser.oir.str.ctur.l model show system of differ.nt or.ented gr.wth faults F1 to F6. Faults 1 and Fault 4 ar. the major.gr.wth faults, dipping towar.s south-west and ar. quite extensive. A r.llover.anticline for.ed as a r.sult of defor.ation of the sediments deposited on the downthr.wn block of fault F1. The other.faults (2, 3, 5 and 6) ar. minor.fault (synthetic and antithetic). The tr.pping mechanism is a fault assisted anticlinal closur.. r.sults fr.m well log analysis and petr.physical models classified sand 9 r.ser.oir.as a moder.te to good r.ser.oir.in ter.s of facies, with good por.sity, per.eability, moder.te net to gr.ss and low water.satur.tion. The volumetr.c calculation of modeled sand 9 hor.zon r.veals that the (STOIIP) value at the Downthr.wn and r.mp segment ar. 15.7 MMbbl and 3.8 MMbbl r.spectively. This implies that the mapped hor.zon indicates hydr.car.on accumulation in economic quantity. This study has also demonstr.ted the effectiveness of 3-D static modeling technique as a tool for.better.under.tanding of spatial distr.bution of discr.te and continuous r.ser.oir.pr.per.ies, hence, has pr.vided a fr.mewor. for.futur. pr.diction of r.ser.oir.per.or.ance and pr.duction behavior.of sand 9 r.ser.oir. However. mor. hor.zontal wells should be dr.lled to enhance optimization of the r.ser.oir.

关键词： Por.sity Per.eability Water Satur.tion Volumetr.c Calculation Facies

Heavy Metals in Soils and Plants ar.und Industr.es in Agbar. Industr.al Estate, Ogun State, Niger.a

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Jour.al of Geoscience and Envir.nment Pr.tection 2018年第12期6卷 61-69页

作者： Fr.nklin E. Odili Kelechi L. njoku Adetokunbo Soyoye Envir.nmental Biology r.sear.h Unit Department of Cell Biology and Genetics University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

Indiscr.minate handling and disposal of industr.al effluents into the envir.nment r.pr.sents one of the major.sour.es of envir.nmental pollution which invar.ably affect plants, animals and humans. This study assessed heavy metal concentr.tion in soils and plants ar.und industr.es in Agbar. industr.al estate, Ogun State, Niger.a. Soil and plant samples wer. collected fr.m four.industr.es and analyzed for.lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper.(Cu), chr.mium (Cr. and nickel (Ni). The pH, or.anic matter.content and cation exchange capacity of the soil samples, as well as bioaccumulation factor.(BAF) and tr.nslocation factor.(TF) of the plant samples wer. examined. The heavy metal concentr.tion or.er.of the soil and plant samples was Pb ?1, 50 mg kg?1, 10 mg kg?1 and 50 mg kg?1 r.spectively) while Cd was above WHO toler.nce limit (3 mg kg?1). Also, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Cr.in most plant samples wer. above WHO toler.nce limits (10 mg kg?1, 0.30 mg kg?1, 10 mg kg?1 and 1.5 mg kg?1 r.spectively). Statistical differ.nces (P Cyper.s ir.a, Alter.anther. sessilis, C. esculentus, A. br.siliana, and Megathyr.us maximus ar. pr.bable accumulator. of heavy metals.

关键词： Envir.nment Pollution Heavy Metals Industr.es Bioaccumulator.