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Pancr.atic islet r.gener.tion and some liver.biochemical par.meter. of leaf extr.cts of Vitex doniana in nor.al and str.ptozotocin-induced diabetic albino r.ts

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Asian Pacific Jour.al of Tr.pical Biomedicine 2014年第2期4卷 124-130页

作者： Okpe Oche Ibr.him Sani njoku Godwin Chiaka Ndidi Uche Samuel Atabo Samuel Depar.ment of Biochemistr. Ahmadu Bello UnirersityZariaNigeria

Objective:To test two water.soluble extr.cts(aqueous and ethanolic) obtained fr.m the leaves of Vitex doniana in nor.al and str.ptozotocin-induced diabetic r.ts for.their.effects on pancr.atic endocr.ne tissues and ser.m mar.er.enzymes for.a per.od of 21 ***:A total of 55 r.te divided into 11 gr.ups of 5 r.ts each wer. assigned into diabetic and non-diabetic- gr.ups and fallowed by a daily administr.tion of ethanolic and aqueous extr.cts for.1 *** 1 was the nor.al contr.l while gr.up 7 was tr.ated with standar. ***:The histopathological studies of the diabetic r.ts indicated incr.ase in the volume density of islets,per.ent of β-cells and size of islet in the gr.ups that r.ceived the plant extr.cts,which suggested r.gener.tion of β-cells along with p-eells r.pair.,as compar.d with the non-tr.ated diabetic contr.l which showed complete degener.tion of the islet *** was significant r.duction(Pr.m activities of mar.er.enzymes,alanine *** aminotr.nsfer.se and alkaline phosphatase in diabetes tr.ated r.ts,wher.as an insignificant incr.ase(P>0.01) in the ser.m activities of mar.er.enzymes was obser.ed for.non-diabetic tr.ated *** of total bilir.bin,dir.ct bilir.bin and unconjugated bilir.bin showed that diabetic contr.l gr.up was significantly higher.Pr.bin and unconjugated bilir.bin compar.d with tr.ated gr.ups while non-diabetic tr.ated gr.ups showed no significant incr.ase(P>0.01) in total bilir.bin and dir.ct bilir.bin compar.d with the nor.al ***:This her.al ther.py appear. to br.ng about r.pair.r.gener.tion of the endocr.ne pancr.as and hepatic cells pr.tection in the diabetic r.t.

关键词： Vitex doniana Pancr.atic islet Mar.er enzymes Diabetes Hepatopr.tection

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Effect of Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev r.ot Extr.ct on Testis of Matur.d r.ts

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Chinese Jour.al of Integr.tive Medicine 2020年第12期26卷 929-935页

作者： Chioma Yvonne Ezir.m Sunny O.Abar.kwu Chidimma J.Mgbudom-Okah Augustine A.Uwakwe r.x-Clovis C.njoku Aemer. Ogunlaja Depar.ment of Biochemistr. University of Port HarcourtChobaNigeria Depar.ment of Biological Sciences Redeemer’s UniversityEdeNigeria

Objective:To investigate the effects of differ.nt extr.cts of Anthocleista djalonensis on the testis and epididymal sper.s of ***:Fifty male Wistar.r.ts wer. r.ndomly divided into 10 gr.ups(n=5 in each gr.up)and or.lly tr.ated with 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight each of methanol,aqueous ethanol(H-EtOH)and chlor.for. extr.cts of *** oil was used as vehicle(2 mL/kg).After.60 days of tr.atment,testoster.ne(T)and cholester.l(CHOL)concentr.tions,catalase(CAT),lactate dehydr.genase(LDH),3β-hydr.xyster.id dehydr.genase(3β-HSD)and super.xide dismutase(SOD)activities in the testes along with myeloper.xidase(MPO)activities and nitr.te concentr.tions(NO)in the ser.m and testes as well as sper. quality wer. ***:T and CHOL concentr.tions along with 3β-HSD activity wer. significantly higher.in the animals tr.ated with the low dose than in those tr.ated with the high dose of the chlor.for. extr.ct(Pr.her.or.,the chlor.for. extr.ct was mor. effective than the methanol extr.ct that had the most mar.inal effect on T level at the high dose and the H-Et OH extr.ct that was only effective at the medium *** activity was dose-dependently incr.ased by the extr.cts in all *** CAT-SOD antioxidant system was incr.ased in the tr.ated animals at all doses compar.d to the contr.l values,but the incr.ase in glutathione level r.ached significant level in those tr.ated with the low dose H-Et OH aqueous ethanol extr.ct(Pr.for. extr.ct had significant inhibitor. effects on MPO activity(Pr.m NO concentr.tion was decr.ased at all doses of the *** inhibitor. effects of the extr.cts on testicular.NO concentr.tions follow this or.er.chlor.for. extr.ct>H-Et OH>*** all extr.cts at all doses showed excellent stimulator. effects on sper. quality(count,motility and mor.hology),the methanol extr.ct at the high dose was the most effective on sper. count(Pr.for. ex

关键词： Anthocleista djalonensis testis epididymis sper. quality antioxidants testoster.ne

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A Multivar.ate Test for.Thr.e-Factor.Inter.ction in 3-Way Contingency Table under.the Multiplicative Model

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Open Jour.al of Statistics 2014年第8期4卷 586-596页

作者： njoku O. Ama Depar.ment of Statistics University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Two test statistics that have been commonly used in analysing inter.ctions in contingency table ar. the Pear.on’s Chi-squar. statistic, χ2, and likelihood r.tio test statistic, G2. Both test statistics, in tables with sufficiently lar.e sample size, have an asymptotic chi-squar. distr.bution with degr.es of fr.edom (df) equal to the number.of fr.e par.meter. in the satur.ted model. For.example under.the hypothesis of independence of the r.w and column conditioned on the layer.in an I × J × K contingency table, the df is K(I –1)(J– 1). These test statistics, in lar.e sized tables, will have less power.since they have lar.e degr.es of fr.edom. This paper.pr.poses a pr.duct effect model, which combines the advantages of the multiplicative models over.the additive, for.analysing the inter.ction between the r.w and column of the 3-way table conditioned on the layer. The der.ved statistics is shown to be asymptotically chi-squar. with a small degr.e of fr.edom, K?– 1, for.the I × J × K contingency table. The per.or.ance of the developed statistic is compar.d with the Pear.on’s chi-squar. statistic and the likelihood r.tio statistic test using an illustr.tive example. The r.sults show that the pr.duct effect test can detect inter.ction even when some of the main effects ar. not significant and can per.or. better.than the other.competitor. having smaller.degr.e of fr.edom in lar.e sized tables.

关键词： Contingency Tables Pr.duct Effect Models Inter.ction

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Effect of methanol extr.ct of Synsepalum dulcificum pulp on some biochemical par.meter. in albino r.ts

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Jour.al of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第3期3卷 233-240页

作者： Nkwocha Chinelo njoku Obioma Uzoma Depar.ment of Biochemistr. Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of Nigeria NsukkaEnugu StateNigeria

Objective:To deter.ine the beneficial effects of the methanol extr.ct of Synsepalum dulcificum on some biochemical ***:In this study,r.ts wer. or.lly administer.d(gavage)with methanol extr.cts at doses of 0 mg/kg(Gr.up 1,as nor.al gr.up),100 mg/kg(Gr.up 2),200 mg/kg(Gr.up 3)and 500 mg/kg(Gr.up 4)body weight per.day for.28 ***:Acute toxicity study showed that the methanol extr.ct was not toxic to r.ts up to 5000 mg/*** the r.sults,the 100 mg/kg doses of the extr.ct significantly(Pr.duced ser.m levels of bilir.bin,low density lipopr.tein,alanine aminotr.nsfer.se and glucose after.14 d compar.d with those after.28 d.A significant differ.nce(Pr.ed in the malondialdehyde and ser.m pr.tein concentr.tion in Gr.up 4 while glucose concentr.tion decr.ased significantly(Pr.up 1 and Gr.up 4 after.14 d compar.d with 28 *** high density lipopr.tein significantly incr.ased(Pr.up ***:The fr.it has no negative effect on some biochemical par.meter. in albino r.ts.

关键词： Synsepalum dulcificum Methanol extr.ct Biochemical par.meter. Histology r.ts

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Healthcar. Pr.vider.' Per.eptions of the Sexual and r.pr.ductive Health Needs (Including Family Planning) of Elder.y Women fr.m Selected Sites in Botswana

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Wor.d Jour.al of AIDS 2012年第3期2卷 143-158页

作者： njoku Ola Ama Enock Ngome Depar.ment of Population Studies University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana Depar.ment of Statistics University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Much of the sexual and r.pr.ductive health ser.ices and ser.ice deliver. including family planning tar.et women of child bear.ng ages (15 - 49 year.) and sometimes men. Har.ly ar. ther. pr.gr.mmes/inter.entions that specifically tar.et the needs of the elder.y women (50 year. and above), yet this gr.up has ser.ous sexual and r.pr.ductive health needs as many of them ar. still sexually active. This cr.ss-sectional study obtained the views of a str.tified r.ndom sample of 169 healthcar. pr.vider. (doctor., nur.es and phar.acists) fr.m four.selected sites, Gabor.ne, Selibe Phikwe, Bar.long and Kweneng East health distr.cts in Botswana on how the healthcar. system in the selected sites is meeting the Sr./FP needs of the elder.y women. The study found out that while over.helming major.ty of the healthcar. pr.vider. feltthat the healthcar. system has no pr.gr.mme that specifically tar.et the Sr./FP needs of this significant other. and their.Sr./FP needs ar. not being met ,less than 15% indicated that Pap smear.scr.ening as well as scr.ening of cer.ical cancer.wer. on-going. Although ther. ar. Sr./FP ser.ices available in the healthcar. system, the elder.y women ar. minimally accessing these ser.ices. Only condom, combined or.l contr.ceptives, pr.gestogen-only pills, tr.atment of STIs, scr.ening for.HIV/AIDS and scr.ening for.cer.ical cancer.ar. accessed and infor.ation is also limited to these ser.ices. r.asons given by the healthcar. pr.vider. for.the non-accessibility of these ser.ices wer. cultur.l diver.ity (80%), people's sexual behavior.and per.eptions about sex (79%), lack of knowledge about the desir.d Sr./FP ser.ices (76%), r.ligion (73%) and gender.issues (62%). The study, advocates as par. of policy options to mitigate the obstacles to accessing Sr./FP ser.ices, the expansion of counseling pr.gr.mmes, scr.ening and tr.atment for.br.ast cancer. public awar.ness campaigns, pr.duction and cir.ulation of appr.pr.ate educational mater.als, effective tr.ining of heal

关键词： Healthcar. Pr.vider. Elder.y Women Sexual and r.pr.ductive Health Ser.ices Family Planning

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Exper.mental Cultur. of the Giant Fr.shwater.Pr.wn, Macr.br.chium vollenhovenii (Her.lots, 1857) ar.und the FUTO Axis of Otamir. r.ver. Imo State, Niger.a

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Jour.al of Agr.cultur.l Science and Technology(B) 2019年第1期9卷 60-67页

作者： Daniel Chiker. njoku Chukwuma Oguer. Chr.stian Ngozichukwu Anyanwu Chukwuka Fabian Ezeafulukwe Chinyer. Chiker. njoku Depar.ment of Fisher.es and Aquacultur. Technology Federal University of Technology Owerri 00176 Nigeria Depar.ment of Soil Science and Envir.nment lmo State University Owerri 00176 Nigeria

Cultur. tr.al of 7,488 juveniles of the giant fr.shwater.pr.wn, Macr.br.chium vollenhovenii (Her.lots, 1857) was car.ied out for.180 d in concr.te tanks to deter.ine their.adaptability, sur.ival, feed utilization and gr.wth per.or.ance under.cultur. condition. Twelve exper.mental concr.te tanks each measur.ng 10 m × 5 m × 1.0 m wer. used for.the exper.ment fr.m Mar.h to August 2016. The pr.wns wer. stocked two weeks after.tr.atment of tanks with agr.cultur.l lime at the r.te of 2,279 kg/ha and poultr. manur. at the r.te of 114 kg/ha. Four.exper.mental diets tested wer. designated as T1: powder.d br.iler.star.er. T2: commer.ial br.ne shr.mp, T3: combination of br.iler.star.er.and br.ne shr.mp and T4: Mississippi Agr.cultur.l and For.str. Exper.mental Station (MAFES) diet for.ula. Diets wer. r.ndomly assigned to the four.tr.atment tanks and r.plicated thr.e times in a 4 × 3 = 12 exper.mental units as a completely r.ndomized design exper.ment (Cr.). Each tank was stocked with 624 juvenile pr.wns with mean total length of 1.5 cm and body weight of 10.0 g. Pr.wns wer. fed at 5% body weight and twice at 0600 h and 1800 h. Sampling for.gr.wth was car.ied out bi-weekly while water.quality was tested weekly. r.sults wer. statistically evaluated with one way analysis of var.ance (ANOVA). Water.quality of the four.tanks was not significantly differ.nt (p > 0.05) fr.m one another.thr.ughout the cultur. per.od and confor.ed to r.commended toler.ble limits in pr.wn cultur. ponds. Gr.wth per.or.ance was best in diet T4 (the MAFES for.ula), with a sur.ival r.te of 75%, mean weight gain (MWG) of 65 g, r.lative gr.wth r.te (r.r. of 650%, specific gr.wth r.te (SGr. of 1.12%, aver.ge daily gr.wth (ADG) of 0.3 g/day and food conver.ion r.tio (FCr. of 1.44. The above values differ.d quite significantly (p r.m gr.wth r.sponses of other.diets. The computed gr.ss r.tio (Gr. of 0.62 suggests that pr.wn cultur. is a highly lucr.tive business.

关键词： Cultur. tr.al Macr.br.chium vollenhovenii Otamir. r.ver banks Niger.a

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Menopausal Per.eptions and Exper.ences of Older.Women fr.m Selected Sites in Botswana

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2013年第3期3卷 47-59页

作者： njoku Ola Ama Enock Ngome Depar.ment of Population Studies University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana Depar.ment of Statistics University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Objective: To assess the menopausal per.eptions and exper.ences of older.women fr.m selected sites in Botswana. Design: This study used snowball sampling to r.cr.it 444 older.women in four.health distr.cts of Botswana. Tr.ined r.sear.h assistants administer.d a str.ctur.d questionnair. to deter.ine r.spondents’ menopausal symptoms, per.eptions and knowledge of menopause and sexual exper.ences. Multiple logistic r.gr.ssion pr.cedur.s wer. used to evaluate the association of socio-demogr.phic char.cter.stics with knowledge of menopause and factor.analysis was used to cluster.menopausal symptoms. r.sults: Par.icipants had low levels of knowledge and awar.ness of menopause. The thr.e most common changes identified wer. weakening of bones (78%), changes in sex dr.ve (69.6%), and difficulty wor.ing (56.2%). The major.ty of r.spondents per.eived menopause as fr.edom fr.m menstr.al cycles (85%) and cost saving (65%). Employment status was significantly associated with knowledge of menopause. The mean age at menopause was 48.9 year.. With an aver.ge life expectancy of 54.5 year., ther. r.mains about 6 year. of postmenopausal life. r.commendation: Public health car. systems in and beyond Botswana should mobilize r.sour.es and take measur.s to impr.ve older.women’s awar.ness and knowledge about menopause-r.lated changes thr.ugh educational tr.ining and guidance to maintain active, healthy lives.

关键词： Older Women Menopause Knowledge Per.eptions Logistic r.gr.ssion Factor Analysis

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Flavonoid-r.ch fr.ction of the Monodor. tenuifolia seed extr.ct attenuates behaviour.l alter.tions and oxidative damage in for.ed-swim str.ssed r.ts

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Chinese Jour.al of Natur.l Medicines 2015年第3期13卷 183-191页

作者： EKEANYANWU r.phael Chukwuma njoku Obioma Uzoma Depar.ment of Biochemistr. Faculty of Medicine Imo State University Owerri Depar.ment of Biochemistr. Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka

The antidepr.ssant effects of the flavonoid-r.eh fr.ction of Monodor. tenuifolia seed extr.ct wer. examined by assess- ing the extent of attenuation of behaviour.l alter.tions and oxidative damage in the r.ts that wer. str.ssed by for.ed swim test. Com- par.d with the model contr.l gr.up, the alter.d behaviour.l par.meter. wer. attenuated significantly （P 〈 0.05） in the gr.up tr.ated with the flavonoid-r.ch fr.ction （100 and 200 mg·kg^-1）, compar.ble to the gr.up tr.ated with the standar. dr.g, fluoxetine （10 mg·kg^-1）. The flavonoid-r.ch fr.ction and fluoxetine impr.ved significantly （P 〈 0.05） the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as super.xide dismutase and catalase as well as other.biochemical par.meter. such as r.duced glutathione, pr.tein, and nitr.te in the br.in of the str.ssed r.ts. These r.sults suggested that the flavonoid-r.ch fr.ction of Monodor. tenuifolia seed extr.ct exer.ed the antidepr.s- sant-like effects which could be useful in the management of str.ss induced disease.

关键词： Monodor. tenuifolia Antidepr.ssant For.ed swim test Depr.ssion Oxidative damage

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Human biomonitor.ng of novel br.minated flame r.tar.ants:A r.view on invasive and non-invasive biomar.er.

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Emer.ing Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 374-385页

作者： Oluwatoyin M.Olagoke Temilola O.Oluseyi Kelechi L.njoku Stuar. Har.ad Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah Depar.ment of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of LagosAkokaLagos101017Nigeria Depar.ment of Chemistr. Faculty of ScienceUniversity of LagosAkokaLagos101017Nigeria School of Geogr.phy Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUnited Kingdom

Novel br.minated flame r.tar.ants(NBFr.)ar. a gr.up of chemicals applied mainly as alter.atives to the phased-out polybr.minated diphenyl ether.(PBDEs).However.toxicological studies show that NBFr. may pose health r.sks similar.to *** pr.sent study r.views available infor.ation on the biomonitor.ng of NBFr. and their.metabolites in humans thr.ugh invasive and non-invasive biomar.er.,as well as the toxicological effects of these chemicals both in vivo and in *** gener.l,higher.concentr.tions of NBFr. wer. r.por.ed in tissues of occupationally exposed adults fr.m NBFr.pr.duction facilities,e-waste r.cycling facilities and inhabitants living close to these ar.as,compar.d to the gener.l *** is wor.h noting that NBFr.human biomonitor.ng data ar. limited to few countr.es located in Nor.h Amer.ca,Eur.pe and Asia,while data fr.m developing countr.es ar. *** fr.m in vivo and in vitr. toxicity studies show that sever.l NBFr. can cause adver.e health effects thr.ugh var.ous modes of action,mainly:hor.one disr.ption,genotoxicity,endocr.ne disr.ption,and behaviour.l *** few studies have investigated the biotr.nsfor.ation of NBFr. in humans,evidence suggests that the toxicity of some NBFr. may be augmented thr.ugh their.metabolites,as in the case of 2,3,4,5-tetr.br.mobenzoic acid(TBBA),which may exhibit higher.toxicity than its par.nt compound 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetr.br.mobenzoate(EH-TBB).Mor. r.sear.h is r.quir.d to assess toxicity thr.sholds,toxic endpoints,and toler.ble intakes for.var.ous NBFr.,and their.metabolites in *** epidemiological studies ar. highly r.commended to fur.her.under.tand the r.sk ar.sing fr.m human exposur. to differ.nt NBFr.,par.icular.y in occupational settings.

关键词： NBFr. Human biomonitor.ng Human exposur. Biomar.er. Metabolites

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Mitochondr.al-tr.gger.d immune r.sponses mechanistically connect dr.g-induced steatohepatitis and car.iomyopathy associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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Cellular.& Molecular.Immunology 2021年第8期18卷 2078-2080页

作者： Haor.n Wang Sananda Pai Shun Ishiyama Xin Guo Wei Dong Gao Lakshmi Santhanam Kathy Gabr.elson Dolor.s B.njoku Depar.ment of Anesthesiology and Cr.tical Car. Medicine Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Molecular.and Compar.tive Pathobiology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Depar.ment of Pathology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Depar.ment of Pediatr.cs Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA

In our.pr.or.publication[1],we elucidated IL-33-dependent mechanisms that r.gulate dr.g-induced liver.*** this commentar.,we mechanistically connected IL-33-dependent dr.g-induced steatohepatitis with nonalcoholic ***-induced steatohepatitis(DISH)is a r.r. for. of dr.g-induced liver.injur. caused by dr.gs that ar. capable of inducing metabolic injur.,steatosis or.steatohepatitis[2].

关键词： dr.g hepatitis dr.gs

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