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Gr.en Tour.sm in Mountain r.gions-r.ducing Vulner.bility and Pr.moting People and Place Centr.c Development in the Himalayas

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2004年第1期1卷 57-64页

作者： r. B. Singh D. k. mishra Depar.ment of Geogr.phy Delhi School of Economics University of Delhi Delhi-110007 IndiaDepartment of Geography Delhi School of Economics University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India

In r.cent year., mountain r.gions ar. attr.cting gr.at attention to Indian tour.sts in gener.l and for.ign tour.sts in par.icular. The potential mountain r.sour.es for.pr.moting gr.en tour.sm ar. enor.ous in the for. of natur.l and cultur.l her.tage such as biospher. r.ser.es, flor. and fauna, lak.s and r.ver. and tr.ditional r.r.l r.sour.es. In or.er.to utilise tour.sm industr. mar.et, uncontr.lled number. of tour.sts and r.lated haphazar. infr.str.ctur.l facilities in the vulner.ble mountain r.gions pose ser.ous envir.nmental implications. The ecological pr.ssur.s ar. thr.atening land, water.and wild life r.sour.es thr.ugh dir.ct and indir.ct envir.nmental impacts together.with gener.tion of solid and liquid wastes, so gr.en tour.sm is emer.ing as an impor.ant task.in or.er.to develop new r.lationship between communities, gover.ment agencies and pr.vate sector.. The str.tegy focuses on ecological under.tanding, envir.nmental pr.tection and ecodevelopment. The major.attr.butes of the gr.en tour.sm include envir.nmental conser.ation and education and distr.bution of income to local people based on str.ng par.ner.hip. Var.ous k.owledge systems go a long way for.achieving the goals of the gr.en tour.sm, which cr.ates awar.ness about the value of envir.nmental r.sour.es. Mountains have ecological, r.cr.ational, educational and scientific values, which need to be utilised in sustainable way. Var.ous tour.st activities and facilities need to be diver.ified in or.er.to achieve multiple benefits including scientific field excur.ion, r.cr.ation in natur.l and cultur.l ar.as, community festivals and spor. tour.sms. Gr.en tour.sm consider. tour.sm development as an integr.l par. of a national and r.gional development. The paper.discusses the social, economic and envir.nmental dimensions of the gr.en tour.sm with par.icular.r.fer.nce to village tour.sm development pr.gr.mme tak.ng empir.cal evidences fr.m the Himalaya. Such pr.gr.mme also minimises biophysical and human vulner

关键词： Mountain r.gion gr.en tour.sm development pr.gr.mme k.llu Himalaya

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The Magnetic Field Effect on Planetar. Nebulae

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Chinese Jour.al of Astr.nomy and Astr.physics 2006年第6期6卷 723-728页

作者： A. r. k.esali k. k.k.bi Depar.ment of Physics University of MazandaranBabolsarIran r.sear.h Institute for.Astr.nomy and Astr.physics of Mar.gha MaraghaIran

In our.pr.vious wor. on the 3-dimensional dynamical str.ctur. of planetar. nebulae the effect of magnetic field was not consider.d. r.cently Jor.an et al. have dir.ctly detected magnetic fields in the centr.l star. of some planetar. nebulae. This discover. suppor.s the hypothesis that the non-spher.cal shape of most planetar. nebulae is caused by magnetic fields in AGB star.. In this study we focus on the r.le of initially weak.tor.idal magnetic fields embedded in a stellar.wind in alter.ng the shape of the PN. We found that magnetic pr.ssur. is pr.bably influential on the obser.ed shape of most PNe.

关键词： ISM Planetar. nebulae - magnetic field PNe - magnetic field

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Mesozoic-Cenozoic extension of the Bohai Sea： contr.bution to the destr.ction of Nor.h China Cr.ton

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Fr.ntier. of Ear.h Science 2014年第2期8卷 202-215页

作者： Guiting HOU k. r. HAr. The k.y Labor.tor. of Or.genic Belts and Cr.stal Evolution School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of Studies in Geology and Water.r.sour.e Management Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur 492010 India

The Bohai Sea is a Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic featur. of the basin-mountain system located in easter. Nor.h China Cr.ton （NCC）. The Late Mesozoic thinning of the lithospher. signals the ear.y destr.ction of the NCC. The onset of the destr.ction was due to the delamination of thick.lithospher. of the cr.ton, r.pr.sented by the NW- tr.nding gr.bens in an en-echelon ar.angement west to Tanlu Fault, and by the NNE-tr.nding gr.bens within the Tanlu Fault Zone. The Late Mesozoic NW-tr.nding gr.bens ar. over.r.nted by str.ctur.s r.lated to the Cenozoic NE-tr.nding pull-apar. basin with ver. thick.Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments in the easter. NCC. C- fr.quency diagr.ms of gr.wth faults and the extension factor.（fl） of four.sections acr.ss the basin suggest that the extension migr.ted fr.m the mar.in to the center.of Bohai Sea, and that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic extension factor. for.Bohai Sea ar. higher.than that of the mar.in. These evidences suggest that the gr.atest extension occur.ed in the center.of Bohai Sea, which is consistent with the thinnest cr.st being found in the center.of the sea. The extension r.tios and tectonic evolution of the Bohai Sea suggest that it is the k.y r.gion for.the destr.ction of the NCC, as evidenced by the topogr.phy. However. the NCC exper.enced two stages of destr.ction with the late stage r.lated to the tectonic r.gime of Nor.heast Asia.

关键词： Bohai Sea extension pull-apar. lithospher.cthinning destr.ction of cr.ton

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AQUEOUS STABLE Fr.E r.DICAL POLYMEr.ZATION Pr.CESSES

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Chinese Jour.al of Polymer.Science 2004年第4期22卷 309-312页

作者： Andr.a r. Szk.r.an Michael k. Geor.es Univer.ity of Tor.nto at Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road North South Building Mississauga Ontario L5L 1C6University of Toronto at Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road North South Building Mississauga Ontario L5L 1C6

An over.iew of aqueous polymer.zations, which include emulsion, miniemulsion and suspension polymer.zations, under.stable fr.e r.dical polymer.zation (SFr.) conditions is pr.sented. The success of miniemulsion and suspension SFr. polymer.zations is contr.sted with the difficulties associated with obtaining a stable emulsion polymer.zation. A r.cently developed unique micr.pr.cipitation technique is r.fer.nced as a means of mak.ng submicr.n sized par.icles that can be used to achieve a stable emulsion SFr. pr.cess.

关键词： Stable fr.e r.dical polymer.zation Living-r.dical polymer.zation Aqueous polymer.zation Miniemulsion polymer.zation Emulsion polymer.zation Suspension polymer.zation

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Saddle Point Cr.ter.a in Nonsmooth Semi-Infinite Minimax Fr.ctional Pr.gr.mming Pr.blems

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Jour.al of Systems Science & Complexity 2018年第2期31卷 446-462页

作者： mishra S k.SINGH Yadvendr. VEr.A r.U Depar.ment of Mathematics Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India. Depar.ment of Mathematics Texas State University USA

This paper.consider. a nonsmooth semi-infinite minimax fr.ctional pr.gr.mming pr.blem（SIMFP） involving locally Lipschitz invex functions. The author. establish necessar. optimality conditions for.SIMFP. The author. establish the r.lationship between an optimal solution of SIMFP and saddle point of scalar.Lagr.nge function for.SIMFP. Fur.her. the author. study saddle point cr.ter.a of a vector.Lagr.nge function defined for.SIMFP.

关键词： Gener.lized convexity Lagr.nge function nonsmooth pr.gr.mming pr.blems saddlepoint semi-infinite minimax fr.ctional pr.gr.mming pr.blems.

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Compar.tive study of tr.velling-wave and numer.cal solutions for.the coupled shor. pulse (CSP) equation

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第5期22卷 60-66页

作者： Vik.s k.mar.r. k. Gupta r.m Jiwar. School of Mathematics and Computer.Applications Thapar University

The Lie symmetr. analysis is per.or.ed for.the coupled shor. plus （CSP） equation. We der.ve the infinitesimals that admit the classical symmetr. gr.up. Five types ar.se depending on the natur. of the Lie symmetr. gener.tor. In all types, we find r.ductions in ter.s of system of or.inar. differ.ntial equations, and exact solutions of the CSP equation ar. der.ved, which ar. compar.d with numer.cal solutions using the classical four.h-or.er.r.nge-k.tta scheme.

关键词： coupled shor. pulse (CSP) equation Lie symmetr.c analysis r.nge-k.tta scheme exact solutions

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HIGHEr.Or.Er.DUALITY FOr.A CLASS OF NONDIFFEr.NTIABLE MULTIOBJECTIVE Pr.Gr.MMING Pr.BLEMS INVOLVING GENEr.LIZED TYPE I AND r.LATED FUNCTIONS

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Jour.al of Systems Science & Complexity 2011年第5期24卷 883-891页

作者： S. k. mishra Shouyang WANG k.n k.ung LAI Depar.ment of Mathematics Faculty of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India Institute of Systems Science Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Depar.ment of Management Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Hong Kong China

This paper.extends the class of gener.lized type I functions intr.duced by Aghezzaf and Hachimi（2000） to the context of higher.or.er.case and for.ulate a number.of higher.or.er.duals to a non-differ.ntiable multi-objective pr.gr.mming pr.blem and establishes higher.or.er.duality r.sults under.the higher.or.er.gener.lized type I functions intr.duced in the pr.sent paper. A special case that appear. r.peatedly in the liter.tur. is that the suppor. function is the squar. r.ot of a positive semi-definite quadr.tic for.. This and other.special cases can be r.adily gener.ted fr.m these r.sults.

关键词： Gener.lized convexity higher.or.er.duality non-differ.ntiable nonlinear.pr.gr.mming suppor. function.

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Dr.p for.ation at nozzles submer.ed in quiescent continuous phase： an exper.mental study with TBP-dodecane and nitr.c acid system

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Nuclear.Science and Techniques 2018年第6期29卷 110-118页

作者： Amitava r.y Mayur.ar.k.r.k. k. Singh k. T. Shenoy r. B. Gr.ver Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai 400094 India Chemical Engineer.ng Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India

Solvent extr.ction is an impor.ant pr.cess in the nuclear.fuel cycle. Tr.butyl phosphate(TBP) diluted with dodecane is commonly used as a solvent for.extr.cting heavy metals fr.m nitr.c acid medium. Studies on hydr.dynamics of a single dr.p, which is the smallest mass tr.nsfer.entity, ar. r.quir.d for.better.under.tanding of the complex mass tr.nsfer.and phase separ.tion phenomena that occur.in extr.ction equipment. In this study, dr.p for.ation at nozzles is studied using 30% TBP-dodecane as the disper.ed phase and dilute nitr.c acid as the quiescent continuous phase. Exper.ments ar. car.ied out to deter.ine the dr.p diameter. jetting velocity, dr.p detachment height and dr.p detachment time for.var.ous disper.ed phase velocities, nozzle diameter.(1.91, 3.04, and 4.88 mm), and nitr.c acid concentr.tions(0.01, 1, 3 N). Dr.p for.ation is captur.d using high-speed imaging, which enables quantification of dr.p size, onset of jetting, dr.p detachment height, and dr.p detachment time. Exper.mental data ar. used to pr.pose cor.elations for.pr.dicting dr.p diameter.and minimum jetting velocity. The cor.elations ar. found to be ver. accur.te with aver.ge absolute r.lative er.or. being 5.23 and 2.97%, r.spectively.

关键词：试验性硝酸静止沉没系统高速度分离现象磷酸盐

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Micr.str.ctur.l r.lation of macer.ls with miner.l matter.in coals fr.m Ib valley and Umar.a, Son-Mahanadi basin, India

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第2期4卷 191-197页

作者： Vivek.mishra k. N. Singh CSIr.- National Metallur.ical Labor.tor. Jamshedpur 831007 India School of Studies in Ear.h Science Vikram UniversityUjjain 456010 India

Coal petr.logy pr.vides significant inputs for.the industr.al utilisation of coal and for.br.ad under.tanding the coal for.ation and diagenesis. The pr.sent paper.entails the r.sults of the investigations car.ed out on the selected coal samples, fr.m Ib valley and Umar.a coalfield, using scanning electr.n micr.scope （SEM） and X-r.y diffr.ction （Xr.） to study the sur.ace micr.str.ctur.s and miner.ls pr.sent in them and the r.lationship of the finely disper.ed miner.l matter.with the or.anic constituents. This would fur.her.help in evaluating the distr.bution and chemical char.cter.of the miner.l matter.occur.ing within the macer.l types. Ib valley and Umar.a coals ar. typical Indian （Lower.Gondwana） non-cok.ng coals and only scanty data is available on SEM study of these coals. Under.SEM examination, it manifests that, the miner.l matter. of these coal occur.as deep inter.r.wth, massive impr.gnation, super.icial mounting, filling and depletion of micr.por.s, mechanical cavity filling and fusinitic cavity filling.

关键词： Coal SEM Xr. Umar.a coal Ib valley coal India

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Flexur.l str.ngth of fused filament fabr.cated (FFF) PLA par.s on an open-sour.e 3D pr.nter

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Advances in Manufactur.ng 2018年第4期6卷 430-441页

作者： Shilpesh r. r.jpur.hit Har.hit k. Dave Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng SV National Institute of Technology Surat Gujarat 395007 India

Fused filament fabr.cation (FFF) has been widely used to develop pr.totypes as well as functional par.s owing to its capability for.cr.ating par.s with complex geometr.es in a shor. time without the specific r.quir.ment of tooling. The mechanical pr.per.ies of par.s pr.duced by FFF exhibit 70%-80% of the mechanical pr.per.ies of par.s pr.duced by injection molding. The mechanical pr.per.ies of FFF-pr.duced par.s ar. pr.mar.ly dependent on the selection of var.ous pr.cess var.ables. The mechanical pr.per.ies of the par. can be enhanced thr.ugh the pr.per.selection of pr.cess var.ables. In the pr.sent exper.mental investigation, the effects of the pr.cess var.ables, viz. r.ster.angle, layer.height, and r.ster.width on the flexur.l pr.per.ies of FFF-pr.nted polylactic acid (PLA) is studied. The r.sult shows that flexur.l str.ngth is pr.mar.ly influenced by layer.height followed by r.ster.angle. The sample pr.nted with 100-μm layer.height and 0° r.ster.angle exhibits a higher.tensile str.ngth. Fur.her. the micr.scopic examination of the defor.ed specimen is per.or.ed to under.tand the mode of failur.. Specimens pr.nted at differ.nt r.ster.angles show differ.nt modes of failur..

关键词： Fused filament fabr.cation (FFF) Polylactic acid (PLA) r.ster angle Layer height r.ster width Flexur.l str.ngth

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