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r.view on the Estimating the Effective Way for.Managing the Pr.duced Water. Case Study

Open Jour.al of Moder. Hydr.logy 2021年第2期11卷 19-37页

作者： Mohamed A. Kassab Ali E. Abbas Iman Elgamal Basem M. Shawky Mahmoud F. Mubar.k r. hosny Egyptian Petr.leum r.sear.h Institute (EPr.) Cairo Egypt Faculty of Petr.leum and Mining Engineer.ng-Suez Univer.ity Suez Egypt Bader.EL-Din Petr.leum Company (BAPETCO) Cairo Egypt

Water.manufactur.d is the pr.mar. waste sour.e in the oil and gas industr.. Because of the r.sing amount of waste wor.dwide, the envir.nmental effect of wastewater.has become a pr.mar. envir.nmental concer. in r.cent year.. The vast amounts involved have r.sulted in consider.ble costs to the industr. for.handling pr.duced water. This r.sear.h explains the wide var.ety of choices for.water.management. This r.sear.h’s fir.t phase was water.minimization techniques, consisting of thr.e differ.nt applications made in thr.e differ.nt wells (Well 1, Well 2 and Well 3) and water.r.cycling and r.use by two techniques. In Well 1, Mechanical shut-off technique was applied using thr.ugh tubing br.dge plug and 5 m cement dumped above it to isolate the water.d out zone;as per.water.oil r.tion plot the water.cut is decr.ased fr.m 100% to 4% and the pr.duction is incr.ased fr.m 0 to 400 bcpd. In Well 2, Chemical shut-off technique using a polymer.called Br.ghtwater.has been used to block channeling thr.ugh high per.eability inter.als after.PLT log detected it, and the r.sult was br.lliant, the water.cut decr.ased fr.m 60% to 25%, also the oil pr.duction incr.ase fr.m 500 to 3000 bopd. In Well 3, downhole separ.tor.installed in it using wor.over.(unfor.unately, this technique is not applied in middle east till the moment so this application is taken fr.m an oil field in Canada)and the r.sult was per.ect, the water.cut decr.ased fr.m 70% to 28%, also the oil pr.duction incr.ase fr.m 44 to 100 bopd. This study tr.ed to clar.fy and compar. the most widely used water.management techniques using one of the Wester. Deser. (W.D.) (enhanced for.oil r.cover., constr.cted wetland).

关键词： Pr.duced Water Water.Pr.duction Pr.blem Management Techniques Water.Minimization Techniques r.cycling and r.using Technologies

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Evaluation of the ver.atility of per.or.tor.-enhanced r.omboid flap technique for.ischial sor.s r.constr.ction

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Chinese Jour.al of Plastic and r.constr.ctive Sur.er. 2024年第2期6卷 65-71页

作者： Waleed Aldabaany Ashr.f Hussein Elghamr. Montaser.hosny Mohamed Yassin Depar.ment of Plastic Sur.er. Faculty of MedicineFayoum UniversityFayoum63514Egypt

Backgr.und: Pr.longed pr.ssur. on the skin known as pr.ssur. sor.s, can cause fr.quent injur.es to the skin and under.ying tissues. However. sever.l pr.vention appr.aches, including non-sur.ical and sur.ical management,ar. available. In flap sur.er. for.pr.ssur. sor.s, a var.ety of flap types may be used;each offer. cer.ain benefits and some incidences of complications and r.cur.ence. This study evaluated the ver.atility of the per.or.tor.nhanced r.omboid flap technique for.ischial sor. ***: This pr.spective study was conducted in the Plastic Sur.er. Depar.ment of Fayoum Univer.ity *** per.or.tor.enhanced r.omboid flap technique was employed in 20 patients with ischial pr.ssur. sor.s who failed to r.spond to conser.ative tr.atment. A pr.per.histor. was obtained and a pr.oper.tive ar.er.al duplex was per.or.ed to deter.ine the site of the pr.minent per.or.tor. for.their.pr.ser.ation at the base of the *** follow-ups and evaluations wer. ***: The mean age of the study gr.up was 43.7 ± 13.1, r.nging fr.m 19 to 65 year.. Mor.over. 80% of the par.icipants wer. males while 20% wer. female. The main etiology of the sor.s was par.plegia in 45% of *** mean sur.ace ar.a of sor.s was 24.8 ± 6.3 cm2. In 75% of cases, the color.match of the flap was r.ted as excellent. Similar.y, 70% of the patients r.ted flap thickness as excellent. In 55% of the cases, the scar.appear.nce was deemed excellent. Over.ll satisfaction was r.por.ed as excellent by 40% of the patients, while only 5% r.por.ed poor.satisfaction. Appr.ximately, 10% of the cases wer. identified with ser.ma, and 30% had wound dehiscence of a mean size of 1.33 ± 0.98 cm and r.quir.d ar.und 6.8 ± 1.9 weeks to ***: The per.or.tor.enhanced r.omboid flap technique is a ver.atile method for.r.constr.cting ischial pr.ssur. sor.s owing to its technical ease, shor. oper.tive time, r.liable vascular.ty, aesthetic outcome, matching skin color. and shor. r.cove

关键词： Ischial pr.ssur. sor.s Per.or.tor.-enhanced r.omboid flaps r.constr.ction

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PACK-CXL *** ther.py for.bacter.al,fungal,and mixed infectious ker.titis:a pr.spective r.ndomized phase 3 tr.al

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Eye and Vision 2024年第1期10卷 10-20页

作者： Far.ad Hafezi Mohammed hosny r.hit Shetty Bor.s Knyazer.Shihao Chen Qinmei Wang Hassan Hashemi Emilio A.Tor.es‑Netto 无 Center.for.Applied Biotechnology and Molecular.Medicine(CABMM) University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland ELZA Institute DietikonSwitzerland. Faculty of Medicine University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Depar.ment of Ophthalmology Medical University of WenzhouWenzhouChina USC r.ski Eye Institute University of Southern California Los AngelesLos AngelesUSA Depar.ment of Ophthalmology University of CairoCairoEgypt Nar.yana Nethr.laya Eye Hospital and the Postgr.duate Institute of Ophthal‑mology BangaloreIndia Depar.ment of Ophthalmology Soroka University Medical CenterBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeershebaIsrael Noor.Ophthalmology r.sear.h Center Noor Eye HospitalTehranIran Univer.ity Hospital Zur.ch ZurichSwitzerland. the PACK-CXL Wor.ing Gr.up

Backgr.und:Infectious ker.titis is a major.cause of global *** tested whether.standalone photoactivated chr.mophor. cor.eal cr.ss-linking(PACK-CXL)may be an efective fr.t-line tr.atment in ear.y to moder.te infectious ker.titis,compar.d with standar. antimicr.bial ***:This is a r.ndomized,contr.lled,multinational phase 3 clinical *** in fve center. in Egypt,India,Ir.n,Isr.el,and China,aged≥18 year.,with infectious ker.titis of pr.sumed bacter.al,fungal,or.mixed or.gin,wer. r.ndomly assigned(1:1)to PACK-CXL,or.antimicr.bial *** measur.s included healing,defned as time to r.-epithelialization of the cor.eal epithelial defect in the absence of infammator. activity in the anter.or.chamber.and clear.nce of str.mal *** success was defned as the complete r.solution of signs of ***:Between July 21,2016,and Mar.h 4,2020,par.icipants wer. r.ndomly assigned to r.ceive PACK-CXL(n=18)or.antimicr.bial ther.py per.Amer.can Academy of Ophthalmology(AAO)guidelines(n=21).No par.icipants wer. lost to *** eyes wer. excluded fr.m the epithelialization time analysis due to tr.atment failur.:two in the antimicr.bial ther.py gr.up,and two in the PACK-CXL *** r.tes wer. 88.9%(16/18 patients)in the PACK-CXL gr.up and 90.5%(19/21 patients)in the medication *** was no signifcant difer.nce in time to complete cor.eal r.-epithelialization(P=0.828)between both tr.atment ***:PACK-CXL may be an alter.ative to antimicr.bial dr.gs for.fr.t-line and standalone tr.atment of ear.y to moder.te infectious ker.titis of bacter.al or.fungal or.gin.

关键词： Photoactivated chr.mophor. Cor.eal cr.ss-linking Infectious ker.titis Cor.eal melting PACK-CXL

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r.dent biology and ecologically based r.dent management(EBr.)-25 year. of pr.gr.ss thr.ugh pr.moting multidisciplinar. r.sear.h

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

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Basis for.the diver.ity and extent in loss of digestible nutr.ents cr.ated by dietar. phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nutr.tion 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T. Mor.n Michael r. Bedfor. Poultr. Science Depar.ment Auburn University AL 36830-5416 USA AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road Marlborough Wiltshire SN8 4AN UK

Phytin is the Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -K + salt of phytic acid that is cr.ated and deposited in the aleur.ne layer.and/or.ger. of gr.ins and legumes. Its high pr.sence in feedstuffs for.fowl and swine diets r.sults in it being a univer.al and significant impediment to optimum per.or.ance. Phytin impair. gastr.intestinal r.cover. of a wide ar.ay of nutr.ents, the effect var.ing with the nutr.ent concer.ed. On exposur. to low pH dur.ng gastr.c digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca 2+ . Even at low gastr.c pH, phytic acid is negatively char.ed which for.s the basis of its anti-nutr.tive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that ar. pr.sented as cations at low pH which ar. tar.eted by pepsin for.activation. Par.ially cr.stalized Ca 2+ near.the enzyme's active site fur.her.stabilizes its newly for.ed str.ctur.. Thus, phytic acid appear. to inter.er. with gastr.c digestion by sever.l mechanisms; inter.er.ng with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coor.inating fr.e Ca 2+ , destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietar. pr.teins dir.ctly, fur.her.compr.mising gastr.c pr.teolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutr.lity in the duodenum, Ca 2+ and other.cations r.-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds fr.e cations but can also str.p them fr.m enzymes (e.g. Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ ) which r.duces their.str.ctur.l r.sistance to autolysis and ability as co-factor. (e.g. Zn 2+ ) to incr.ase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca 2+ as an electr.nic shield between mucin layer. enabling gr.nule for.ation and cell stor.ge. After.mucin gr.nule r.lease, Ca 2+ is pr.gr.ssively displaced by Na + to fr.e the viscous mucins enabling its tr.nslocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enter.cytes ther.by constr.cting the unstir.ed water.layer.(USWL). Excessive r.moval of Ca 2+ fr.m mucin by phytic acid incr.ases its fluidity facili

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous pr.tein Mucin Phytin

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Dietar. fibr. effects and the inter.lay with exogenous car.ohydr.ses in poultr. nutr.tion

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Animal Nutr.tion 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： Michael r. Bedfor. Bir.er.Svihus Aar.n J. Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingr.dients Ltd Marlborough United Kingdom Nor.egian Univer.ity of Life Sciences Ås Norway DSM Nutr.tional Pr.ducts Kaiseraugst Switzerland

A compr.hensive under.tanding of the r.le of dietar. fibr. in non-r.minant animal pr.duction is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibr. coupled with significant analytical complexity, inter.ct with poor.y defined host and micr.biome r.lationships. Dietar. fibr. is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage r.te, nutr.ent absor.tion, micr.biome taxonomy and function, gut pH, endogenous nutr.ent loss, envir.nmental sustainability, animal welfar. and mor.. Whilst significant gaps per.ist in our.under.tanding of fibr. in non-r.minant animal pr.duction, ther. is substantial inter.st in optimizing the fibr. fr.ction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as impr.ved welfar., live per.or.ance and to r.duce the envir.nmental footpr.nt of animal pr.duction systems. In or.er.to achieve these aspir.tional goals, it is impor.ant to tackle dietar. fibr. with the same level of scr.tiny as is cur.ently done for.other.cr.tical nutr.ent classes such as pr.tein, miner.ls and vitamins. The chemical, mechanical and nutr.tional r.le of fibr. must be explor.d at the level of monomer.c sugar., oligosacchar.des and polysacchar.des of var.ing molecular.weight and decor.tion, and this must be in par.llel to standar.isation of analytical tools and definitions for.speciation. To fur.her.complicate subject, exogenous car.ohydr.ses r.cognise dietar. fibr. as a focal substr.te and have var.ing capacity to gener.te lower.molecular.weight car.ohydr.tes that inter.ct differ.ntially with the host and the enter.c micr.biome. This shor. r.view ar.icle will explor. the inter.ctive space between dietar. fibr. and exogenous car.ohydr.ses and will include their.nutr.tional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, micr.biome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibr. Car.ohydr.se Nutr.tion Micr.biome Gastr.-intestinal development Feed

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Fr.eze-thaw cycles and associated geomor.hology in a post-glacial envir.nment:cur.ent glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and pr.glacial scenar.os at Pico de Or.zaba volcano,Mexico

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1954-1977页

作者： Víctor.SOTO Car.os M.WELSH r. Kenji YOSHIKAWA Hugo DELGADO Gr.NADOS Centr. de Ciencias de la Tier.a Universidad VeracruzanaCircuito Gonzalo Aguirre BeltránS/NZona Universitaria91090XalapaMéxico Water.and Envir.nmental r.sear.h Center University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04150México Depar.ment of Ear.h and Envir.nmental Sciences Ludwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 80333Germany

The glacial histor. of Pico de Or.zaba indicates that dur.ng the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap cover.d up to~3000 m asl;due to the air.temper.tur. incr.asing,its main glacier.has r.tr.ated to 5050 m *** r.tr.ction of the glacier.has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a high fr.quency of fr.eze-thaw cycles of gr.at intensity;the r.sulting geomor.hological pr.cesses ar. r.pr.sented by the fr.gmentation of the bedr.ck that occupies the upper.par.s of the *** is a notable lack of studies r.gar.ing the fr.gmentation and er.sion occur.ing in tr.pical high mountains,and the associated geomor.hological r.sks;for.this r.ason,as a fir.t stage of futur. continuous r.sear.h,this study analyzes the fr.ezing and thawing cycles that occur.above 4000 m asl,thr.ugh continuous monitor.ng of sur.ace gr.und *** r.sults allow us to identify and char.cter.ze four.zones:glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and *** was found that the par.glacial zone pr.sents an intense dr.p of temper.tur.,of up to~9℃ in only sixty *** r.ck fatigue and intense fr.eze-thaw cycles that occur.in this ar.a ar. r.sponsible for.the high r.te of r.ck disintegr.tion and r.pr.sent the main factor.of the constant slope dynamics that occur.at the *** activity decr.ases,both in fr.quency and intensity,accor.ing to the distance to the glacier.which is wher. the temper.tur. pr.sents a cer.ain degr.e of stability,until r.aching the pr.glacial zone,wher. cycles ar. almost non-existent,and ther.for. ther. is no gelifr.ction *** geomor.hological pr.cesses have r.sulted in significant alter.tions to the mountain slopes,which can have sever. consequences in ter.s of r.sk and water.

关键词： Fr.eze-Thaw Gelifr.ction Mountain mechanical er.sion Per.glacial geomor.hology Postglacial scenar.os

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Thr.e cases of uncommon medication-associated osteonecr.sis of tempor.l bone

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世界耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志英文版 2024年第3期10卷 237-240页

作者： VanDolah Hunter.Cr.ssley Jason r. Jeffr.y Kim H. Geor.etown Univer.ity School of Medicine Washington DC USA Depar.ment of Otolar.ngology–Head and Neck Sur.er. MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington DC USA

Intr.duction: Medication-r.lated osteonecr.sis of the tempor.l bone is r.r. and has been r.por.ed to be associated with the use of anti-r.sor.tive and biologic agents. Her., we pr.sent the fir.t case of tyr.sine-kinase inhibitor.r.lated exter.al auditor. canal (EAC) osteonecr.sis as well as two cases r.lated to anti-r.sor.tive ***: A r.tr.spective case ***: Case one: an 84-year.old female pr.sented with chr.nic otitis exter.a and osteonecr.sis of EACs bilater.lly. She had a histor. of osteopor.sis tr.ated with denosumab and r.sedr.nic acid. She successfully under.ent left EAC r.constr.ction using an infer.or.y-based pedicle per.osteal flap while the r.ght ear.canal was managed conser.atively. Case two: a 69-year.old male pr.sented with osteonecr.sis of the r.ght EAC. He had a histor. of osteopor.sis tr.ated with alendr.nic acid and zoledr.nic acid. His osteonecr.sis is conser.atively managed with local debr.dement and antibiotic application. Case thr.e: a 60-year.old male pr.sented with osteonecr.sis of the r.ght infer.or.EAC. He had a histor. of chr.nic myelogenous leukemia tr.ated with a tyr.sine-kinase inhibitor. imatinib. After.failing conser.ative ther.py, he under.ent r.ght ear.canal r.constr.ction using a per.osteal vascular.pedicle flap without complication and exper.enced complete r.solution to his ***: Anti-r.sor.tive agents and/or.tyr.sine kinase inhibitor. may lead to dysr.gulation of bone r.modeling and r.sult in r.r. cases of tempor.l bone osteonecr.sis. When a local debr.dement and antibiotic ther.py fail, definitive sur.ical excision of necr.tic bone with subsequent r.constr.ction of the EAC may offer.patients a possible r.solution in symptoms.

关键词： bisphosphonates denosumab exter.al auditor. canal imatinib medication-r.lated osteonecr.sis osteonecr.sis tempor.l bone tyr.sine-kinase Inhibitor.

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r.view and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and Consequences of Using Agr.cultur.l Her.icides as Militar. Chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第8期14卷 471-498页

作者： David r. Speidel Kenneth r. Olson USDA r.sour.e Conser.ationist and Agr.cultur.l Consultant with Natur.l r.sour.e Conservation Service and Foreign Agricultural Service Benton Missouri USA College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The legacy of the human miser. caused by the application of the her.icides including Agent Pur.le and Agent Or.nge contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the ar.enic-based her.icide, spr.yed over.the jungles, r.ce fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? Could it have been pr.vented? Was it necessar. United States militar. str.tegy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldier. and the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their.land and cause gener.tions of har.? Alter.atively, was it an unpr.ventable accident in the mar.h of militar. histor.? What patter.s in the U.S. gover.ment’s thought pr.cess could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these her.icides as tactical chemical weapons? If the intr.duction of her.icide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War.and the Secr.t War. in Laos and Cambodia have been any differ.nt? The objective of this tr.atise is to outline the r.le of wor.d events and backgr.unds and the r.le of the leader., U.S. militar., CIA, USDA, U.S. State Depar.ment, the U.S. Pr.sident appointed Ambassador. to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and Pr.sident Diệm’s r.public of Vietnam (r.N) gover.ment and militar.. Their.collective advice led to the decision to use her.icides as militar. and envir.nmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Wer. the National inter.sts achieved by U.S. militar. str.tegy in the r.N using her.icide weapons wor.h the long-ter. envir.nmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War.

关键词： Second Indochina War Cambodia Laos South Vietnam Vietnam War Tactical Her.icides Agent Blue Agent Or.nge Agent Pur.le Dioxin TCDD Ar.enic

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Pr.of of Concept for.a Twin Pr.me Number.Univer.e Using Set Theor.

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Amer.can Jour.al of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期14卷 305-317页

作者： John r. Cr.r. Independent r.sear.her Lake Zurich IL USA

The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (eFSC) Model attempts to give a classical definition to a magical number.that under.ies much of quantum physics. The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α) value equal to 137.03599206 r.pr.sents a dimensionless constant that char.cter.zes the str.ngth of the electr.magnetic (EM) inter.ction between subatomic char.ed par.icles. Python-gener.ted pr.per.y counts for.the twin pr.me for.e F{139/137} show that the adjusted r.tio gives a value of α = 137.036. This implies a mathematical fr.mewor. under.ying this constant is based on twin pr.me number. and set theor.. This study attempts to demonstr.te a pr.of of concept that a hier.r.hy of fr.ctional twin pr.me (αII) for.es r.plicates the quantum natur. of the univer.e and is aligned with the Standar. Model of Par.icle Physics. An expanded eFSC Model demonstr.tes that twin pr.me for.es and their.pr.per.y sets ar. mathematically viable substitutes for.nuclear.r.actions, as demonstr.ted for.the Beta-minus decay of neutr.ns into pr.tons. Most significantly, the positive and negative pr.me number. define these nuclear.r.actants and pr.ducts as positive or.negatively char.ed ions. Fur.her.or., the eFSC Model pr.vides new insights r.gar.ing the hier.r.hy of EM for.es under.ying the quantum natur. of the univer.e.

关键词： Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α) Pr.me Number. Set Theor. Conceptual Model Quantum Physics Light and Matter Beta-Minus Decay

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