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Explor.ng.the effects of anthr.pog.nic distur.ance on pr.dator.inspection activity in Tr.nidadian g.ppies

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Cur.ent Zoolog. 2024年第1期70卷 109-111页

作者： Alix J.P Br.sseau Laur.nce E.A.Feyten Adam L.crane g.0}nt E.Br.wn Depar.ment of Biolog. Concordia UniversityMontrealQCH4B 1R6Canada Depar.ment of Biomedical Sciences WCVMUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

Pr.y animals ar. often faced with uncer.ainty due to having.imper.ect infor.ation r.g.r.ing.cur.ent local conditions,including.pr.dation r.sks and the availability of r.liable for.g.ng.oppor.unities(Dall 2010).As this uncer.ainty incr.ases,the pr.bability of making.costly behavior.l er.or. also incr.ases,leading.to mor. r.sk aver.e behavior.l tactics(Feyten et al.2019).For.example,Tr.nidadian g.ppies Poecilia r.ticulata ar. far.mor. r.sk aver.e when faced with multiple unknown sour.es of r.sk assessment infor.ation than when faced with a mix of known and unknown cues(Feyten et al.2019).Pr.y can r.duce uncer.ainty by g.ther.ng.and integ.0}ting.pr.vate and social infor.ation r.g.r.ing.cur.ent r.sk levels within micr.habitats(Dall 2010;Munoz and Blumstein 2012).

关键词： human distur.ance infor.ation availability infor.ation r.liability pr.dator.pr.y inter.ctions r.sk assessment uncer.ainty

Conser.ing.our.g.obal botanical her.tag.:The PSESP plant conser.ation pr.g.0}m

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Plant Diver.ity 2020年第4期42卷 319-322页

作者： Peter.crane Oak Spr.ng.g.r.en Foundation 1776 Loughborough LaneUppervilleVA20184USA School of For.str. and Envir.nmental Studies Yale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA

It is a fundamental tr.th of ecolog. that most species ar. *** this r.r.ty extends beyondmeasur.s of abundance to g.og.0}phic *** a g.obal context,ver. few species ar. tr.ly abundant,and most ar. mor. or.less r.str.cted *** the wor.d of plants,wher. ther. ar. sever.l hundr.d thousand species,the number.of species with especially small population sizes and small fr.g.entar. r.ng.s is extr.mely *** r.cent assessment,the most exhaustive under.aken so far.based on 200 million obser.ations taken fr.m her.ar.um r.cor.s,ecolog.cal sur.eys and other.sour.es,sug.ests that of the mor. than 400,000 species of land plants,ca.36%ar.“exceeding.y r.r.”(Enquist et al.,2019).

关键词： Plants Conser.ation Paleobotany PSESP pr.g.0}m

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Space heating.and hot water.demand analysis of dwelling. connected to distr.ct heating.scheme in UK

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Jour.al of Centr.l South Univer.ity 2012年第6期19卷 1629-1638页

作者： r.Bur.ynski M.crane r.Yao V.M.Becer.a Technolog.es for.Sustainable Built Envir.nments University of ReadingReading RG66AFUK SSE Utility Solutions Thatcham RG194AZUK School of Constr.ction Manag.ment and Eng.neer.ng University of ReadingReading RG66AFUK School of Systems Eng.neer.ng University of ReadingReading RG66AFUK

To achieve CO2 emissions r.ductions, the UK Building.r.g.lations r.quir. developer. of new r.sidential building. to calculate expected CO2 emissions ar.sing.fr.m their.ener.y consumption using.a methodolog. such as Standar. Assessment Pr.cedur. （SAP 2005） or. mor. r.cently SAP 2009. SAP encompasses all domestic heat consumption and a limited pr.por.ion of the electr.city consumption. However. these calculations ar. r.r.ly ver.fied with r.al ener.y consumption and r.lated CO2 emissions. This wor. pr.sents the r.sults of an analysis based on weekly heat demand data for.mor. than 200 individual fiats. The data wer. collected fr.m a r.cently built r.sidential development connected to a distr.ct heating.networ.. A method for.separ.ting.out the domestic hot water.（DHW） use and space heating.（SH） demand has been developed and these values ar. compar.d to the demand calculated using.SAP 2005 and SAP 2009 methodolog.es. The analysis also shows the var.ation in DHW and SH consumption with size of flats and with tenur. （pr.vately owned or.social housing.. Evaluation of the space heating.consumption also includes an estimate of the heating.deg.0}e day （HDD） base temper.tur. for.each block of fiats and compar.s this to the aver.g. base temper.tur. calculated using.the SAP 2005 methodolog..

关键词： domestic hot water space heating ener.y consumption heat demand

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Landmar. lear.ing.by the Ozar. zig.ag.salamander.Plethodon ang.sticlavius

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Cur.ent Zoolog. 2011年第4期57卷 485-490页

作者： Adam L. crane Alicia MATHIS Depar.ment of Biolog. Missouri State University Springfield MO 65897 USA

Althoug. salamander. have been shown to r.spond to classical conditioning. spatial lear.ing.has been lar.ely unstudied. We tested whether.salamander. could lear. to locate for.g.ng.ar.as by using.landmar.s. We tr.ined 10 salamander. Plethodon ang.sticlavius to use landmar.s （small r.cks） to locate patches within the ar.na containing.food （blackwor.s Lumbr.culus var.eg.tus）. At the comer. of each squar. testing.ar.na wer. four.plastic dishes, one containing.blackwor.s and the other.thr.e empty. A r.ck was placed in fr.nt of the dish containing.blackwor.s, and the location of the food-dish was r.ndomly chosen for.each tr.ining.tr.al. A contr.l g.0}up was also tr.ined to feed on blackwor.s in the pr.sence of a r.ck, but the r.ck was positioned r.ndomly among.the four.dish locations so that the r.ck was not a r.liable landmar. for.the wor.s. Althoug. the leng.h of the tr.ining.per.od for.individual salamander. var.ed （22-38 tr.ining. per.individual）, the mean number.of tr.ining. for.salamander. in the contr.l and exper.mental g.0}ups was equal （30 tr.ining.tr.als）. Dur.ng.testing. no blackwor.s wer. pr.sent to eliminate any visual or.chemical cues emanating.dir.ctly fr.m the pr.y. Individuals tr.ined with the r.ck landmar.s spent sig. nificantly mor. time in the ar.a of the landmar. than did contr.l salamander. [Cur.ent Zoolog. 57 （4）： 485-490, 2011].

关键词： Landmar. lear.ing Spatial lear.ing Salamander.lear.ing Plethodon ang.sticlavius Beacon

The evolution of Hessian fly fr.m the Old Wor.d to the New Wor.d： Evidence fr.m molecular.mar.er.

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 768-784页

作者： Br.ndon J. Schemer.om Yan Ma crane Char.es F. crane USDA-Ar. Depar.ment of Entomolog. Depar.ment of Botany and Plant Patholog. Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907USA

Eig.teen polymor.hic micr.satellite loci and 11 sing.e-nucleotide polymor. phisms wer. g.notyped in 1 095 individual Hessian fly specimens r.pr.senting.23 popula- tions fr.m Nor.h Amer.ca, souther. Eur.pe, and southwest Asia. The g.notypes wer. used to assess g.netic diver.ity and inter.elationship of Hessian fly populations. While phylog.- netic analysis indicates that the Amer.can populations most similar.to Eur.sian populations come fr.m the east coast of the United States, g.netic distance is least between （Alabama and Califor.ia） and （Kazakhstan and Spain）. Allelic diver.ity and fr.quency var. acr.ss Nor.h Amer.ca, but they ar. not cor.elated with distance fr.m the histor.cally documented point of intr.duction in New Yor. City or.with temper.tur. or.pr.cipitation. Instead, the g.0}atest allelic diver.ity mostly occur. in ar.as with Mediter.anean climates. The mi- cr.satellite data indicate a g.ner.l deficiency for.heter.zyg.tes in Hessian fly. The Nor.h Amer.can population str.ctur. is consistent with multiple intr.ductions, isolation by dis- tance, and human-abetted disper.al by bulk tr.nspor. of pupar.a in infested str.w or.on har.esting.equipment.

关键词： allele fr.quency Hessian fly micr.satellite population str.ctur. SNP SSr

Middle–Late Jur.ssic fossils fr.m nor.heaster. China r.veal mor.holog.cal stasis in the catkin-yew

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National Science r.view 2020年第11期7卷 1765-1767页

作者： Chong.Dong.g.ng.e Shi Fabiany Her.er. Yong.ong.Wang.Patr.ck S.Her.ndeen Peter.r.crane State Key Labor.tor. of Palaeobiolog. and Str.tig.0}phy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Taxaceae, commonly known as the yews, ar. widely used in or.amental hor.icultur. and ar. an impor.ant sour.e of chemother.peutic dr.g. (e.g. Paclitaxel).The Taxaceae have long.been consider.d distinct fr.m other.conifer., based on their.axillar. seed-bear.ng.str.ctur.s that ar. ver. differ.nt fr.m most conifer.cones, consisting.of an axis bear.ng.a sing.e ter.inal seed with a fleshy ar.l,subtended by sever.l br.cts [1].

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Mass Tr.nspor. in Nanowir. Synthesis:An Over.iew of Scalable Nanomanufactur.ng

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Jour.al of Mater.als Science & Technolog. 2015年第6期31卷 523-532页

作者： Matthew J.crane Peter.J.Pauzauskie Depar.ment of Chemical Eng.neer.ng University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195-1750.USA Depar.ment of Mater.als Science & Eng.neer.ng Seattle.WA 98195-2120USA Fundamental Computational Science Dir.ctor.te Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichland.WAUSA

The ability to r.tionally eng.neer.the g.0}wth and nanomanufactur.ng.of one-dimensional nanowir.s in hig. volumes has the potential to enable applications of nanoscale mater.als in a diver.e r.ng. of fields including.ener.y conver.ion and stor.g.,catalysis,sensing.medicine,and infor.ation *** r.view pr.vides a r.admap for.the development of lar.e-scale nanowir. *** myr.ad techniques exist for.bench-scale nanowir. synthesis,these g.0}wth str.teg.es typically fall within two major.categ.r.es:1) anisotr.pically-catalyzed g.0}wth and 2) confined,template-based ***,compar.sons between g.0}wth methods with differ.nt mass tr.nspor. pathways have led to confusion in inter.r.ting.obser.ations,in par.icular.g.bbs-Thomson *** r.view mass tr.nspor. in nanowir. synthesis techniques to unify g.0}wth models and to allow for.dir.ct compar.son of obser.ations acr.ss differ.nt *** addition,we discuss the applicability of nanoscale,g.bbs-Thomson effects on mass tr.nspor. and pr.vide g.idelines for.the development of new g.0}wth *** explor. the scalability of these complex pr.cesses with dimensionless number. and consider.the effects of pr.ssur.,temper.tur.,and pr.cur.or.mater.al on nanowir. g.0}wth.

关键词： Nanowir. Mass tr.nspor. Modeling Scalable g.0}wth

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ON THE VOLUME OF FLUID METHOD FOr.MULTIPHASE FLUID FLOW SIMULATION

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Modeling. Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2013年第2期4卷 74-100页

作者： BIPIN KUMAr.MAr.IN crane YAN DELAUr. Institut fur.Ther.o-und Fluiddynamik Technische Univer.itat Ilmenau 98684 Ilmenau Germany School of Computing Dublin City University Dublin 9Ireland School of Mechanical and Manufactur.ng.Eng.neer.ng.Dublin City Univer.ity Dublin 9Ireland

Numer.cal study of multiphase fluid flows r.quir. mathematical methods for.disting.ishing.inter.ace between two *** volume of fluid(VOF)method is one of such method which takes car. of fluid shape in a local domain and r.constr.cts the inter.ace fr.m volume fr.ction of one *** shar. inter.ace dur.ng.r.constr.ction is a challeng.ng.task and g.ometr.cal appr.ach of VOF method better.suits for.incompr.ssible *** paper.pr.vides a complete mathematical discussion of extended for. of VOF method using.a appr.ach known as piecewise linear.inter.ace calculation(PLIC).An analytical r.lation between volume fr.ction and inter.ace position has been explor.d with the help of pr.mitive g.ometr.cal *** method with this analytical r.lation has been applied to multiphase fluid flow benchmar. pr.blems and found to be in g.od ag.0}ement.

关键词： Multiphase fluid flows VOF(PLIC)method analytic r.lation incompr.ssible fluids inter.ace r.constr.ction.

Distur.ance cue communication is shaped by emitter.diet and r.ceiver.backg.0}und r.sk in Tr.nidadian g.ppies

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Cur.ent Zoolog. 2022年第4期68卷 433-440页

作者： Jack A g.ldman Adam L crane Laur.nce E A Feyten Emily Collins g.1}nt E Br.wn Depar.ment of Biolog. Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCCanada H4B 1R6

In animal communication systems,individuals that detect a cue(i.e.,“r.ceiver.”)ar. often influenced by char.cter.stics of the cue *** instance,in many species,r.ceiver. avoid chemical cues that ar. r.leased by emitter. exper.encing.*** chemical“distur.ance cues”appear.to benefit r.ceiver. by war.ing.them about near.y dang.r.such as a pr.dator.s *** the active ing.0}dients in distur.bance cues have been lar.ely unexplor.d,by-pr.ducts of metabolized pr.tein ar. thoug.t to play a r.le for.some *** so,the content(quality)and volume(quantity)of the emitter.s diet should affect their.distur.ance cues,thus alter.ng.how r.ceiver. per.eive the cues and *** Poecilia r.ticulata ar. a species known to discr.minate among.distur.ance cues fr.m differ.nt types of donor.,but dietar. var.ation has yet to be *** this study,we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect distur.ance cues r.leased by g.ppy emitter.(i.e.,exper.mental“donor.”).r.ceiver. discr.minated between donor.cue tr.atments,r.sponding.mor. str.ng.y to cues fr.m donor. fed a pr.tein-r.ch bloodwor. diet(Exper.ment 1),as well as an over.ll lar.er.diet(Exper.ment 2).We also found that r.ceiver. exposed to hig.er.backg.0}und r.sk wer. mor. sensitive to distur.ance cue var.ation,with the str.ng.st avoidance r.sponses displayed by hig.-r.sk r.ceiver. towar. distur.ance cues fr.m donor. fed the hig.-quality ***,diet,and per.aps pr.tein specifically,affects either.the concentr.tion or.composition of distur.ance cues r.leased by *** var.ation may be impor.ant in infor.ation sig.aling.in social species like the g.ppy.

关键词： alar. cues chemical cues diet quality diet quantity pr.tein