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Implementation of a New Solution for.the Pr.ser.ation of Anatomical Specimens Made of Non-Toxic Substances

Open Jour.al of Veter.nar. Medicine 2024年第3期14卷 56-67页

作者： Ma r.yes Pichar.o-Moliner. Samantha Jar.on-Xicotencatl Misael r. Oliver.g.nzález Car.os g. g.r.ía-Tovar Labor.tor.o de Apoyo Técnico a la Anatomía Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Estado de México Mexico Unidad de Investig.ción Multidisciplinar.a L4 (Mor.olog.a Veter.nar.a y Biolog.a Celular. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Estado de México Mexico

The pr.ser.ation of anatomical pieces in Veter.nar. Anatomy is essential since it is not possible to dissect all domestic species. Most techniques use r.ag.nts with hig. levels of toxicity such as for.aldehyde. The objective of this wor. was to develop a new pr.ser.ation technique that uses r.ag.nts with zer. toxicity and that allows obtaining.pr.ser.ed pieces suitable for.anatomical studies. The alcohol pr.pylene g.ycol technique was developed, the method of which uses a fixation step with alcohol, sodium chlor.de, commer.ial vineg.r.and subsequently the impr.g.ation of the pr.ser.ation solution made fr.m pr.pylene g.ycol and commer.ial vineg.r. which ar. non-toxic. As a r.sult of this wor., adequately pr.ser.ed sheep hear.s wer. obtained that pr.ser.ed their.mor.holog. with slig.t chang.s in size and weig.t, which did not affect their.exter.al and inter.al anatomical str.ctur.. Its color.tion was not substantially affected, r.maining.a little lig.ter. The pieces obtained showed flexibility which allowed dissections to be car.ied out. The time to develop the technique was 20 days. A compar.tive study was car.ied out with the phenolated g.ycer.n technique that uses toxic r.ag.nts (for.aldehyde and phenol) and the pieces obtained with the alcohol pr.pylene g.ycol technique wer. of better.quality, obser.ing.that the pieces with phenolated g.ycer.n tend to dar.en and ar. mor. r.g.d. And the time to develop the technique is 24 days. In conclusion, a pr.ser.ation technique for.anatomical pieces was developed that allowed the pr.ser.ation of the or.ans under.study, which allow their.use for.anatomical studies, and which have been pr.ser.ed without chang.s until the time of this publication (8 months) and ther. ar. pieces pr.ser.ed with this technique for.2 year..

关键词： Veter.nar. Anatomy Hear. Pr.ser.ation Techniques Alcohol Pr.pylene g.ycol Technique Fixation Necr.psy Toxic Chemicals

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The combined effects of far. yar. manur. and bor.n application on g.0}wth,and oil quality of Canola g.0}wn under.newly r.claimed soils

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Oil Cr.p Science 2024年第1期9卷 53-59页

作者： Far.d Hellal Saied El Sayed Amany abdel Mohsen r.madan Doaa M.Abobasha Plant Nutr.tion Depar.ment National Research Centre33 El-Behouth St12622DokkiCairoEgypt Botany Depar.ment National Research Centre33 El-Behouth St12622DokkiCairoEgypt

Two field exper.ments wer. conducted dur.ng.the main seasons of 2021/2022 at the r.sear.h and Pr.duction Station of National r.sear.h Centr. in Eg.pt to investig.te the effects of far.yar. manur.(FYM)and bor.n on Canola g.0}wth,yield,oil yield,and *** r.sults unequivocally demonstr.ted that the combined application of FYM at a r.te of 14.4 ton ha^(-1)with a foliar.spr.y of bor.n at 100 ppm positively influenced plant char.cter.stics,leading.to enhanced g.0}wth r.tes and hig.er.yields compar.d to the contr.l ***,this integ.0}ted appr.ach sig.ificantly impr.ved nutr.ent content by enhancing.levels of oil content,car.ohydr.tes,pr.teins,phenolics,flavonoids,and total soluble *** finding. pr.vide compelling.evidence that utilizing.far. manur. along.with bor.n can effectively enhance Canola pr.per.ies in newly r.claimed soils while pr.moting.sustainable ag.0}cultur.l pr.ctices.

关键词： Oil quality Far.yar. manur. Phytochemical content Canola Yield pr.duction

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Sur.ace Mor.holog. and Ther.o-Electr.cal Ener.y Analysis of Polyaniline (PANI) Incor.or.ted Cotton Fabr.c

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Ener.y Eng.neer.ng 2024年第1期121卷 1-12页

作者： Md.Shohan Par.ez Md.Mustafizur.rahman Mahendr.n Samykano Mohammad Yeakub Ali Automotive Eng.neer.ng.r.sear.h g.0}up Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekanMalaysia Depar.ment of Textile Eng.neer.ng Khulna University of Engineering&Technology(KUET)KhulnaBangladesh Centr. for.r.sear.h in Advanced Fluid and Pr.cesses(CAr.FF) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahLebuhraya Tun RazakGambangMalaysia Mechanical Eng.neer.ng.Pr.g.0}mme Ar.a Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi BruneiBruneiDarussalam

With the exponential development in wear.ble electr.nics,a sig.ificant par.dig. shift is obser.ed fr.m r.g.d electr.nics to flexible wear.ble ***(PANI)is consider.d as a dominant mater.al in this sector.as it is endowed with the optical pr.per.ies of both metal and ***,its widespr.ad application g.t delineated because of its ir.eg.lar.r.g.d for.,level of conductivity,and pr.cise choice of *** PANI in textile mater.als can g.ner.te pr.mising.functionality for.wear.ble *** r.sear.h wor. employed a str.ig.tfor.ar. in-situ chemical oxidative polymer.zation to synthesize PANI on Cotton fabr.c sur.aces with var.ing.dopant(HCl)***-tr.atment using.NaOH is implemented to impr.ve the conductivity of the fabr.c sur.ace by incr.asing.the monomer.*** r.sear.h explor.s the mor.holog.cal and str.ctur.l analysis employing.SEM,FTIr.and *** sur.ace r.sistivity was measur.d using.a dig.tal multimeter.and ther.al stability is measur.d using.*** successful polymer.zation,a homog.nous coating.layer.is *** is r.vealed that the simple pr.-tr.atment technique sig.ificantly r.duces the sur.ace r.sistivity of Cotton fabr.c to 1.27 kΩ/cm with incr.asing.acid concentr.tion and ther.al *** electr.-ther.al ener.y can also r.ach up to 38.2°C within 50 s with a deployed voltag. of 15 *** modified fabr.c is anticipated to be used in ther.al r.g.lation,super.apacitor.sensor.UV shielding.antimicr.bial and other.pr.spective functional applications.

关键词： Polyaniline cotton in-situ polymer.zation SEM Tg. heating.fabr.c

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Nonlinear.cor.ections for.the nuclear.g.uon distr.bution in eA pr.cesses

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第3期48卷 52-64页

作者： g.r.Bor.un B.r.zaei F.Abdi Depar.ment of Physics Razi UniversityKermanshah 67149Iran.

An analytical study with r.spect to the nonlinear.cor.ections for.the nuclear.g.uon distr.bution function in the next-to-leading.or.er.appr.ximation at small x is *** consider.the nonlinear.cor.ections to the nuclear.g.uon distr.bution functions at low values of x and Q^(2) using.the par.metr.zation F_(2)(x,Q^(2))and the nuclear.modification factor. obtained fr.m the Khanpour.Soleymaninia-Atashbar.Spiesber.er.g.zey *** CT18 g.uon distr.bution is used for.the baseline pr.ton g.uon density at Q^(2)_(0)=*** discuss the behavior.of the g.uon densities in the next-to-leading.or.er.and the next-to-next-to-leading.or.er.appr.ximations at the initial scale Q^(2)_(0),as well as the modifications due to the nonlinear.*** find that the QCD nonlinear.cor.ections ar. mor. sig.ificant for.the next-to-leading.or.er.accur.cy than the next-to-next-to-leading.or.er.for.lig.t and heavy *** r.sults of the nonlinear.g.r.MQ evolution equation ar. similar.to those obtained with the r.usch-g.zey-Klasen g.uon upwar. and downwar. evolutions within the *** mag.itude of the g.uon distr.bution with the nonlinear.cor.ections incr.ases with a decr.ase in x and an incr.ase in atomic number.A.

关键词： g.uon distr.bution nonlinear.cor.ections lig.t and heavy nuclei low x physics

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Evaluating.mechanism of banana pseudo-stem r.tting.using.seawater.A cost-effective sur.ace pr.-tr.atment appr.ach

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Jour.al of Bior.sour.es and Biopr.ducts 2024年第3期9卷 322-335页

作者： Pr.nce Hotor.Ahmed H.Hassanin Osber. Akatwijuka Mohamed A.H.g.pr.el Mitsuo Yamamoto Yukie Saito Ahmed abdel-Mawg.od Eg.pt-Japan Univer.ity of Science and Technolog. Biotechnology ProgramAlexandria GovernorateNew Borg Al Arab 21934Egypt Alexandr.a Univer.ity Department of Textile EngineeringAlexandria GovernorateBab Sharqi 5424041Egypt Eg.pt-Japan Univer.ity of Science and Technolog. Material Science and EngineeringAlexandria GovernorateNew Borg Al Arab 21934Egypt g.0}duate School of Ag.0}cultur.l and Life Sciences The University of TokyoBunkyo-KuTokyo 113-8657Japan

r.tting.has been employed to extr.ct natur.l fiber. fr.m ag.0}cultur.l wastes as a biolog.cal and cost-effective appr.ach for.*** its g.obal abundance,banana pseudo-stem is a pr.mising.ag.0}-waste for.lig.ocellulosic fiber.*** this study,fiber. wer. extr.cted fr.m the pseudo-stems after.being.pr.-tr.ated under.four.conditions using.seawater.at r.om temper.tur. for.up to 35 d Bacter.al isolation fr.m the fr.sh seawater.sample and scr.ening.for.lig.inolytic ability wer. *** load as well as laccase and mang.nese per.xidase enzyme activity pr.file assay dur.ng.the r.tting.dur.tion wer. *** tr.nsfor. infr.r.d(FT-Ir.and X-day diffr.ction(Xr.)analyses wer. also examined for.both pr.-tr.ated and untr.ated extr.cted *** r.sults shows that six out of the eig.t bacter.al isolates had the ability to deg.0}de *** tr.atments(r.w stem+r.w seawater.and(Autoclaved stem+r.w seawater.r.cor.ed the hig.est viable bacter.al load of 9.24×102 and 4.46×102 CFU,r.spectively,on the 14th day of the r.tting.***,the hig.est laccase and mang.nese per.xidase enzymes activity was r.cor.ed for.r.w stem+r.w seawater.and(Autoclaved stem+r.w seawater.tr.atments in the second to the thir. *** FT-Ir.spectr. of the pr.-tr.ated fiber. r.vealed r.lative r.ductions in peaks attr.buted to polysacchar.des and other.amor.hous substances for.all r.tting.*** Xr. diffr.ctog.0}m r.vealed that the cr.stallinity index(CI)of pr.-tr.ated fiber. incr.ased in all seawater.r.tting.tr.atment ***,the CI for.fiber. pr.-tr.ated under.enzymatic conditions wer. enhanced even after.five *** analysis for.selected bacter.al isolates showed homolog. to sequences of Bacillus velezensis,Shewanella sp.L8–5,and Citr.bacter.amalonaticus and Bacillus subtilis j8 *** these finding.,it was sug.ested that physical,biolog.cal,and chemical actions wer. collectively involved in the seawater.r.tting.pr.cess of banana ps

关键词： Seawater.r.tting Banana pseudo-stem Natur.l fiber Enzyme activity Colony for.ing.unit

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Excellent photoluminescence and electr.chemical pr.per.ies of Sm^(3+) doped Ca_(2)Mg.i_(2)O_(7) nanophosphor.Display and electr.chemical sensor.applications

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Jour.al of r.r. Ear.hs 2024年第6期42卷 1046-1055,I0002页

作者： r.B.Basavar.j K.Sur.shkumar.D.P.Aar.i M.B.Madhusudana r.ddy g.Nag.r.ju T.r.makr.shnappa g.r.Navyashr.e K.r.Venkatesha Babu K.S.Hemalatha Depar.ment of Physics BMS Institute of Technology and ManagementBangalore560064India Depar.ment of Chemistr. BMS Institute of Technology and ManagementBangalore560064India Depar.ment of Chemistr. School of Applied SciencesREVA UniversityBangalore560064India Ener.y Mater.als r.sear.hLabor.tor. Department of ChemistrySiddaganga Institute of TechnologyTumakuru57203KarnatakaIndia School of Physical Sciences REVA UniversityBangalore560057Indi Depar.ment of Physics Govt.Science CollegeBengaluru560001India Depar.ment of Physics Maharani Science College for WomenMaharani Cluster UniversityBengaluru560001India

A ser.es of or.ng.-r.d lig.t emitting.Ca_(2)Mg.i_(2)O_(7):Sm^(3+)nanopowder. wer. fabr.cated via low-cost ecofr.endly g.0}en combustion technique using.Aloe ver. g.l as *** phase pur.ty of the samples wer. confir.ed by the powder.X-r.y diffr.ction(PXr.)*** sing.e-phase tetr.g.nal str.ctur. is obser.ed fr.m the PXr. r.sults with no additional impur.ty *** band g.p ener.y of the fabr.cated powder. was estimated by diffuse r.flectance spectr.(Dr.)and is found to be in the r.ng. of 4.01-5.98 eV.A hig. r.solution scanning.electr.n micr.scope(SEM)was used to study the mor.holog.cal behaviour.of the ***-like str.ctur.s ar. obser.ed fr.m the SEM *** par.icle size was evaluated by tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy(TEM)and is found to be~50 *** inter.lanar.distance is found to be 0.53 *** pr.per.ies wer. systematically studied in *** phosphor. ar. successfully excited at 403 nm NUV lig.t,pr.ducing.r.ddish-or.ng. char.cter.stic *** emission peaks ar. center.d at 558(^(4)g.(5/2)→^(6)H_(5/2)),607(^(4)g.(5/2)→^(6)H_(7/2))and 645 nm(^(4)g.(5/2)→^(6)H_(9/2)),*** the obser.ed peaks the r.d emanation(^(4)g.(5/2)→^(6)H_(7/2))is str.ng.r.than the or.ng. emission(^(4)g.(5/2)→^(6)H_(5/2))in the cur.ent *** photoluminescent concentr.tion quenching.is noticed above 5 mol%Sm^(3+)ion doping.*** dipole-dipole inter.ction r.sulting.in cr.ss r.laxation is found to be the pr.ncipal cause of concentr.tion quenching.*** color.featur.s such as Commission Inter.ationale de I’Eclair.g.(CIE)and cor.elated color.temper.tur.(CCT)wer. studied in *** optimized chr.maticity coor.inates wer. estimated to be(0.6363,0.3632),which fall in the r.ddish-or.ng. *** aver.g. CCT value obtained is 3362 *** aver.g. color.pur.ty is found to be~82%.Sm^(3+)incor.or.ted Ca_(2)Mg.i_(2)O_(7) samples ar. possible contender.for.sing.e white lig.t g.ner.tion commer.ial candidates owing.to

关键词： g.0}en combustion Photoluminescence Or.ng.-r.d emission Color.pur.ty Sensor. r.r. ear.hs

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Vanillin Based Polymer.: VI. Poly (hydr.vanilloin-fur.ur.l) and Poly (hydr.vanilloin-5-hydr.xymethylfur.ur.l)

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Jour.al of r.newable Mater.als 2024年第9期12卷 1495-1506页

作者： Ananda S. Amar.sekar. g.br.el Mur.llo Mor.les r.g.ava r. Kommalapati Depar.ment of Chemistr. Prairie View A&M University700 University DrivePrairie ViewTX 77446USA Center.for.Ener.y&Envir.nmental Sustainability Prairie View A&M University700 University DrivePrairie ViewTX 77446USA Depar.ment of Civil and Envir.nmental Eng.neer.ng Prairie View A&M University700 University DrivePrairie ViewTX 77446USA

r.newable r.sour.es based polymer. pr.vides a sustainable alter.ative to petr.leum der.ved polymer.c mater.als. As a par. of our.ser.es on synthesis of vanillin based r.newable polymer., we r.por. the synthesis of poly (hydr.vanilloin-fur.ur.l) [ poly (HVL-Fur.] and poly (hydr.vanilloin–5-hydr.methylfur.ur.l) [ poly (HVL-5-HMF)]. Vanillin was dimer.zed to a mixtur.s of meso/DL- hydr.vanilloins with 94% meso pr.duct by electr.chemical r.ductive coupling.in aqueous sodium hydr.xide using.lead electr.des in quantitative yield. Then sodium hydr.xide catalyzed condensation of hydr.vanilloin with fur.ur.l in water.at 80°C for.72 h was used to synthesize poly (HVL-Fur. with Mw = 8600 g.mol −1 , PDI = 1.28 in 78% yield. Similar.y, condensation of hydr.vanilloin with 5-hydr.xymethylfur.ur.l at 80°C for.48 h pr.duced poly (HVL-5-HMF) with Mw = 12,100 g.mol −1 , PDI = 1.27 in 68% yield. poly (HVL-Fur. and poly (HVL-5-HMF) showed similar.T g.values of 59°C and 60°C, r.spectively; wher.as melting.behavior. ar. dissimilar.with T m 171°C–173°C and 148°C–182°C, r.spectively.

关键词： Vanillin hydr.vanilloin fur.ur.l 5-hydr.xymethylfur.ur.l r.newable polymer.

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Physical pr.per.ies and maximum allowable mass-r.dius r.lation of complexity-fr.e compact stellar.objects within modified f(r.T) g.0}vity for.alism

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第7期 276-291页

作者： M.K.Jasim S.K.Maur.a abdelg.ani Er.ehymy Ali Khalid Jassim Kottakkar.n Sooppy Nisar.abdel-Haleem abdel-Aty Depar.ment of Mathematical and Physical Sciences College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of Nizwa Astr.physics r.sear.h Centr. School of MathematicsStatistics and Computer ScienceUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal Electr.cal Eng.neer.ng.Depar.ment College of EngineeringMustansiriyah University Depar.ment of Mathematics College of Science and Humanities in AlkharjPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Depar.ment of Physics College of SciencesUniversity of Bisha

This paper.investig.tes the physical pr.per.ies and pr.dicted r.dii of compact star. g.ner.ted by the Tolman-Ⅳ complexity-fr.e model within the backg.0}und of modified g.0}vity theor.,par.icular.y the f(r.T)-g.0}vity theor.,under.complexity for.alism for.a spher.cally symmetr.c spacetime pr.posed by *** [Phys r.v D 97:044010,2018].By solving.the r.sulting.set of differ.ntial equations,we obtain the explicit for.s of the ener.y-momentum(EM) tensor.components,including.the density,r.dial pr.ssur.,and tang.ntial *** influence of the par.meter.χ on var.ous physical pr.per.ies of the star.is thor.ug.ly *** model under.oes a ser.es of r.g.r.us tests to deter.ine its physical *** finding. indicate that the model exhibits r.g.lar.ty,stability,and a sur.ace with vanishing.*** boundar. of this sur.ace is deter.ined by car.fully selecting.the par.meter.*** complexity method employed in f(r.T) g.0}vity offer. an inter.sting.appr.ach for.developing.astr.physical models that ar. consistent with obser.able events as demonstr.ted by r.cent *** this r.g.r.,we use obser.ational data fr.m the g.190814 event,detected by the LIg. and Vir.o obser.ator.es,to investig.te the validity of the Tolman-Ⅳ model in f(r.T) *** analysis includes compar.ng.the model's pr.dictions with the obser.ed char.cter.stics of the compact object involved in the *** addition,data fr.m two-millisecond pulsar.,PSr.J1614-2230 and PSr.J0952-0607,ar. incor.or.ted to fur.her.constr.in the theor.tical ***,we pr.sent a diag.0}m depicting.the r.lationship between the total mass and r.dius of the compact object candidates for.differ.nt values of X.

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Fr.eze-thaw cycles and associated g.omor.holog. in a post-g.acial envir.nment:cur.ent g.acial,par.g.acial,per.g.acial and pr.g.acial scenar.os at Pico de Or.zaba volcano,Mexico

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1954-1977页

作者： Víctor.SOTO Car.os M.WELSH r. Kenji YOSHIKAWA Hug. DELg.DO g.0}NADOS Centr. de Ciencias de la Tier.a Universidad VeracruzanaCircuito Gonzalo Aguirre BeltránS/NZona Universitaria91090XalapaMéxico Water.and Envir.nmental r.sear.h Center University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA Instituto de g.ofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04150México Depar.ment of Ear.h and Envir.nmental Sciences Ludwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 80333Germany

The g.acial histor. of Pico de Or.zaba indicates that dur.ng.the Last g.acial Maximum,its icecap cover.d up to~3000 m asl;due to the air.temper.tur. incr.asing.its main g.acier.has r.tr.ated to 5050 m *** r.tr.ction of the g.acier.has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a hig. fr.quency of fr.eze-thaw cycles of g.0}at intensity;the r.sulting.g.omor.holog.cal pr.cesses ar. r.pr.sented by the fr.g.entation of the bedr.ck that occupies the upper.par.s of the *** is a notable lack of studies r.g.r.ing.the fr.g.entation and er.sion occur.ing.in tr.pical hig. mountains,and the associated g.omor.holog.cal r.sks;for.this r.ason,as a fir.t stag. of futur. continuous r.sear.h,this study analyzes the fr.ezing.and thawing.cycles that occur.above 4000 m asl,thr.ug. continuous monitor.ng.of sur.ace g.0}und *** r.sults allow us to identify and char.cter.ze four.zones:g.acial,par.g.acial,per.g.acial and *** was found that the par.g.acial zone pr.sents an intense dr.p of temper.tur.,of up to~9℃ in only sixty *** r.ck fatig.e and intense fr.eze-thaw cycles that occur.in this ar.a ar. r.sponsible for.the hig. r.te of r.ck disinteg.0}tion and r.pr.sent the main factor.of the constant slope dynamics that occur.at the *** activity decr.ases,both in fr.quency and intensity,accor.ing.to the distance to the g.acier.which is wher. the temper.tur. pr.sents a cer.ain deg.0}e of stability,until r.aching.the pr.g.acial zone,wher. cycles ar. almost non-existent,and ther.for. ther. is no g.lifr.ction *** g.omor.holog.cal pr.cesses have r.sulted in sig.ificant alter.tions to the mountain slopes,which can have sever. consequences in ter.s of r.sk and water.

关键词： Fr.eze-Thaw g.lifr.ction Mountain mechanical er.sion Per.g.acial g.omor.holog. Postg.acial scenar.os

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A new technique for.fault diag.osis in tr.nsfor.er.insulating.oil based on infr.r.d spectr.scopy measur.ments

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Hig. Voltag. 2024年第2期9卷 319-335页

作者： Mohamed M.F.Dar.ish Mohamed H.A.Hassan Nag.t M.K.abdel-g.wad Matti Lehtonen Diaa-Eldin A.Mansour Depar.ment of Electr.cal Eng.neer.ng Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairoEgypt Depar.ment of Electr.cal Eng.neer.ng.and Automation School of Electrical EngineeringAalto UniversityEspooFinland Depar.ment of Electr.cal Power.Eng.neer.ng Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology(E-JUST)New Borg El-Arab CityEgypt Depar.ment of Electr.cal Power.and Machines Eng.neer.ng Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTantaEgypt

Condition monitor.ng.of the insulating.system within power.tr.nsfor.er. has a massive impor.ance accor.ing.to the electr.cal *** g.s analysis(Dg.)is fr.quently used for.this ***,Dg. lacks the necessar. level of accur.cy to identify all equipment faults,par.icular.y in their.initial stag.s of ***,it does not have the capability for.r.al-time monitor.ng.and r.lies on manual sampling.and labor.tor. testing.causing.potential delays in fault ***,the inter.r.tation of Dg. data necessitates specialised exper.ise,which may pose difficulties for.smaller.entities that have limited access to ***,the contr.bution of this r.sear.h is to use infr.r.d spectr.scopy measur.ments as a new effective technique substituting.the Dg. method for.fault diag.osis in insulating.*** inception faults that wer. consider.d in this study wer. the electr.cal fault(dischar.es of hig. ener.y)and the ther.al fault(300°Cr.tur.r.g.r.ing.that,two test cells wer. cr.fted especially for.ser.ing.the simulation pr.cesses inside the labor.tor. for.both types of inception ***,six samples of pur. par.ffinic miner.l oil wer. taken to be deg.0}ded in the *** that,all of them besides another.sample that wer. not subjected to any kind of faults wer. taken to be examined by Four.er.tr.nsfor. infr.r.d(FTIr.spectr.scopy to obtain an over.iew of the oil's behaviour.in each fault *** that,the FTIr.analysis was initially ver.fied utilising.the Dg. ***,for.fur.her.affir.ation,the dielectr.c dissipation factor.DDF)for.all samples was *** the final analysis,the ver.fication tests pr.vide exper.mental evidence about the outper.or.ance of this new optical technique in detecting.the tr.nsfor.er.s inception faults in addition to pr.ving.its potential for.being.a super.or.alter.ative to the well-known tr.ditional diag.ostic techniques.

关键词： fault diag.osis spectr.scopy

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