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Str.ctur.l and micr. str.ctur.l studies of PbO-doped SnO_2 sensor.for.detection of methanol, pr.panol and acetone

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Jour.al of Natur.l Gas Chemistr. 2011年第2期20卷 179-183页

作者： J. K. Sr.vastava Pr.eti Pandey V. N. Mishr. r. dwivedi Center.for.r.sear.h in Micr.electr.nics Department of Electronics Engineering Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University

In the pr.sent wor. the str.ctur.l infor.ation of PbO-doped SnO2 thick film sensor.has been investigated with X-r.y diffr.ctometer.（Xr.） and scanning electr.n micr.scope （SEM）. Initially, SnO2 powder.was der.ved using sol-gel pr.cess and was subsequently doped with PbO and gr.und up to nanosized par.icles. A suitable gas sensor.str.ctur. was fabr.cated on 1′′×1′′ alumina substr.te using thick film technology. The necessar. paste for.scr.en pr.nting was also developed. SEM r.sults showed sol-gel der.ved powder.gets mor. agglomer.ted in the thick film for.. The sensitivity of the sensor.has been investigated at differ.nt temper.tur.s （150 ？C？350 ？C） upon exposur. to methanol, pr.panol and acetone, yielding a maximum at 250 ？C for.acetone with 1 wt% PbO-doping while at 350 ？C for.pr.panol with 3 wt% PbO-doping of the sensor. The r.duction of par.icle size to nanometer. （validated thr.ugh Xr.） leads to a dr.matic impr.vement in sensitivity of sensor. for.the chosen or.anic vapor.. The r.sults also cor.elate well with the micr.str.ctur.l pr.per.ies of the mater.al and the dopant.

关键词： gas sensor nanosized SnO2 Sol-gel thick film

Fr.quency of Cyclonic Distur.ances and Changing Pr.ductivity Patter.s in the Nor.h Indian Ocean r.gion: A Study Using Sea Sur.ace Temper.tur. and Ocean Colour.Data

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Geosciences 2012年第3期3卷 490-506页

作者： Madhumita Tr.pathy Mini r.man r. M. dwivedi Ajai Ajai Mar.ne Planetary Earth Science Group Space Applications Centre (ISRO) Ahmedabad-15 India

In r.cent year. we ar. obser.ing devastating cyclones like Nar.is, Gonu, Sidr. Liala, Phet etc in the Nor.h Indian Ocean associated with heavy r.ins, thunder.tor., high tide and intense winds that caused shocking destr.ctions in the coastal ar.as. As these ar. or.ginating over.the Ocean and pr.pagating towar.s land, they also change physical pr.per.y as well as biological str.ctur. of the Ocean. In r.cent year., sever.l attempts wer. made to associate tr.pical cyclone tr.nds with climate change r.sulting fr.m gr.en house war.ing. The studies have indicated an incr.ase in intense cyclones in the Ar.bian Sea. Time ser.es analysis of ocean colour.data have r.vealed r.pid and pr.found change in the pr.ductivity patter. over.the last few year. in the Ar.bian Sea that appear. to be r.lated to the war.ing tr.nds being exper.enced over.the Asian subcontinent. In view of the above, a study was car.ied out to examine the fr.quency of cyclonic distur.ances in the Ar.bian Sea and the Bay of Bengal and its effect in modulating the pr.ductivity patter.s. Data on the monthly and annual occur.ences of tr.pical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and the Ar.bian Sea wer. collected fr.m 1908 to 2007 fr.m SAAr. Meteor.logical r.sear.h Centr. and Indian Meteor.logical Depar.ment. Sea sur.ace temper.tur. (SST) fr.m NOAA-AVHr. and phytoplankton biomass indexed as chlor.phyll-a concentr.tion fr.m Sea WiFs for.ten year. (1998-2007) wer. used to study the physical and biological effects of cyclonic events in the Ar.bian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BOB). Analysis of the monthly and annual occur.ences of tr.pical cyclone r.veals an incr.asing tr.nd of cyclonic distur.ances in the AS wher.as ther. is a decr.asing tr.nd in the BOB in the last decade (1998-2007). SST analysis indicates decr.ase in monthly aver.ge SST by 1.5℃ to 1.75℃ in the AS and 1.5℃ to 1.25℃ in the BOB in the pr.-monsoon season. Phytoplankton biomass was obser.ed to incr.ase by a factor.of two after.the passage of cyclone. r.su

关键词： Cyclonic Events Ar.bian Sea Bay of Bengal SST Chlor.phyll-a Ecological Str.ctur.

r.dent biology and ecologically based r.dent management(EBr.)-25 year. of pr.gr.ss thr.ugh pr.moting multidisciplinar. r.sear.h

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

Optimizing Biodiesel Pr.duction fr.m Kar.nja and Algae Oil with Nano Catalyst:r.Mand ANN Appr.ach

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Ener.y Engineer.ng 2024年第9期121卷 2363-2388页

作者： Sujeet Keshar.ani Sakhi Katr. Suyasha Pandey Gaur.v dwivedi Tikendr. Nath Ver.a Pr.shant Bar.dar Ener.y Centr. Maulana Azad National Institute of TechnologyBhopal462003India Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng Maulana Azad National Institute of TechnologyBhopal462003India

This study delves into biodiesel synthesis fr.m non-edible oils and algae oil sour.es using r.sponse Sur.ace Methodology(r.M)and an Ar.ificial Neur.l Networ.(ANN)model to optimize biodiesel *** of *** and Kar.nja oils is utilized,aiming to r.duce fr.e fatty acid content to 1%thr.ugh single-step *** r.veals peak biodiesel yield conditions:1%catalyst quantity,91.47 min r.action time,56.86℃r.action temper.tur.,and 8.46:1 methanol to oil molar.*** ANN model outper.or.s r.M in yield pr.diction *** impact assessment yields an E-factor.of 0.0251 at maximum yield,indicating r.sponsible pr.duction with minimal *** analysis r.veals significant cost savings:30%-50%r.duction in r.w mater.al costs by using non-edible oils,10%-15%incr.ase in pr.duction efficiency,20%r.duction in catalyst costs,and 15%-20%savings in ener.y *** optimized pr.cess r.duces waste disposal costs by 10%-15%,enhancing over.ll economic ***,the widespr.ad adoption of biodiesel offer. economic,envir.nmental,and social benefits to a diver.e r.nge of stakeholder.,including far.er.,pr.ducer.,consumer.,gover.ments,envir.nmental or.anizations,and the tr.nspor.ation *** among these stakeholder. is essential for.r.alizing the full potential of biodiesel as a sustainable ener.y solution.

关键词： Non-edible oil algae r.M ANN optimization envir.nmental factor

Fr.eze-thaw cycles and associated geomor.hology in a post-glacial envir.nment:cur.ent glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and pr.glacial scenar.os at Pico de Or.zaba volcano,Mexico

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1954-1977页

作者： Víctor.SOTO Car.os M.WELSH r. Kenji YOSHIKAWA Hugo DELGADO Gr.NADOS Centr. de Ciencias de la Tier.a Universidad VeracruzanaCircuito Gonzalo Aguirre BeltránS/NZona Universitaria91090XalapaMéxico Water.and Envir.nmental r.sear.h Center University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04150México Depar.ment of Ear.h and Envir.nmental Sciences Ludwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 80333Germany

The glacial histor. of Pico de Or.zaba indicates that dur.ng the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap cover.d up to~3000 m asl;due to the air.temper.tur. incr.asing,its main glacier.has r.tr.ated to 5050 m *** r.tr.ction of the glacier.has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a high fr.quency of fr.eze-thaw cycles of gr.at intensity;the r.sulting geomor.hological pr.cesses ar. r.pr.sented by the fr.gmentation of the bedr.ck that occupies the upper.par.s of the *** is a notable lack of studies r.gar.ing the fr.gmentation and er.sion occur.ing in tr.pical high mountains,and the associated geomor.hological r.sks;for.this r.ason,as a fir.t stage of futur. continuous r.sear.h,this study analyzes the fr.ezing and thawing cycles that occur.above 4000 m asl,thr.ugh continuous monitor.ng of sur.ace gr.und *** r.sults allow us to identify and char.cter.ze four.zones:glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and *** was found that the par.glacial zone pr.sents an intense dr.p of temper.tur.,of up to~9℃ in only sixty *** r.ck fatigue and intense fr.eze-thaw cycles that occur.in this ar.a ar. r.sponsible for.the high r.te of r.ck disintegr.tion and r.pr.sent the main factor.of the constant slope dynamics that occur.at the *** activity decr.ases,both in fr.quency and intensity,accor.ing to the distance to the glacier.which is wher. the temper.tur. pr.sents a cer.ain degr.e of stability,until r.aching the pr.glacial zone,wher. cycles ar. almost non-existent,and ther.for. ther. is no gelifr.ction *** geomor.hological pr.cesses have r.sulted in significant alter.tions to the mountain slopes,which can have sever. consequences in ter.s of r.sk and water.

关键词： Fr.eze-Thaw Gelifr.ction Mountain mechanical er.sion Per.glacial geomor.hology Postglacial scenar.os

r.view and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and Consequences of Using Agr.cultur.l Her.icides as Militar. Chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第8期14卷 471-498页

作者： David r. Speidel Kenneth r. Olson USDA r.sour.e Conser.ationist and Agr.cultur.l Consultant with Natur.l r.sour.e Conservation Service and Foreign Agricultural Service Benton Missouri USA College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The legacy of the human miser. caused by the application of the her.icides including Agent Pur.le and Agent Or.nge contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the ar.enic-based her.icide, spr.yed over.the jungles, r.ce fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? Could it have been pr.vented? Was it necessar. United States militar. str.tegy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldier. and the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their.land and cause gener.tions of har.? Alter.atively, was it an unpr.ventable accident in the mar.h of militar. histor.? What patter.s in the U.S. gover.ment’s thought pr.cess could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these her.icides as tactical chemical weapons? If the intr.duction of her.icide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War.and the Secr.t War. in Laos and Cambodia have been any differ.nt? The objective of this tr.atise is to outline the r.le of wor.d events and backgr.unds and the r.le of the leader., U.S. militar., CIA, USDA, U.S. State Depar.ment, the U.S. Pr.sident appointed Ambassador. to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and Pr.sident Diệm’s r.public of Vietnam (r.N) gover.ment and militar.. Their.collective advice led to the decision to use her.icides as militar. and envir.nmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Wer. the National inter.sts achieved by U.S. militar. str.tegy in the r.N using her.icide weapons wor.h the long-ter. envir.nmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War.

关键词： Second Indochina War Cambodia Laos South Vietnam Vietnam War Tactical Her.icides Agent Blue Agent Or.nge Agent Pur.le Dioxin TCDD Ar.enic

Pr.of of Concept for.a Twin Pr.me Number.Univer.e Using Set Theor.

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Amer.can Jour.al of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期14卷 305-317页

作者： John r. Cr.r. Independent r.sear.her Lake Zurich IL USA

The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (eFSC) Model attempts to give a classical definition to a magical number.that under.ies much of quantum physics. The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α) value equal to 137.03599206 r.pr.sents a dimensionless constant that char.cter.zes the str.ngth of the electr.magnetic (EM) inter.ction between subatomic char.ed par.icles. Python-gener.ted pr.per.y counts for.the twin pr.me for.e F{139/137} show that the adjusted r.tio gives a value of α = 137.036. This implies a mathematical fr.mewor. under.ying this constant is based on twin pr.me number. and set theor.. This study attempts to demonstr.te a pr.of of concept that a hier.r.hy of fr.ctional twin pr.me (αII) for.es r.plicates the quantum natur. of the univer.e and is aligned with the Standar. Model of Par.icle Physics. An expanded eFSC Model demonstr.tes that twin pr.me for.es and their.pr.per.y sets ar. mathematically viable substitutes for.nuclear.r.actions, as demonstr.ted for.the Beta-minus decay of neutr.ns into pr.tons. Most significantly, the positive and negative pr.me number. define these nuclear.r.actants and pr.ducts as positive or.negatively char.ed ions. Fur.her.or., the eFSC Model pr.vides new insights r.gar.ing the hier.r.hy of EM for.es under.ying the quantum natur. of the univer.e.

关键词： Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α) Pr.me Number. Set Theor. Conceptual Model Quantum Physics Light and Matter Beta-Minus Decay

Geogr.phies of Chemical War.ar. in Vietnam: The Mer.y Band of r.tir.es

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第9期14卷 530-536页

作者： Br.an r. Higgins State Univer.ity of New Yor. Plattsburgh NY USA

This r.view explor.s the r.cent development of r.sear.h on r.inbow her.icides as chemical weapons and the geogr.phies of chemical war.ar. in what is now the Socialist r.public of Vietnam. While the use and impacts of Agent Or.nge have pr.viously been well documented, the pr.duction and extensive application of five other.r.inbow agents by the United States militar. has only r.cently been investigated in detail. What is exceptional about this r.sear.h of chemical war.ar. landscapes is that the 23 r.fer.ed jour.al publications in this r.view wer. designed, implemented, and published in a unique collective r.sear.h pr.ject by Ken Olson and a Mer.y Band of Militar. r.tir.es. Their.gr.undbr.aking r.sear.h por.folio includes many geogr.phical dimensions and the political ecology of chemical war.ar.. This includes the extensive exposur. of civilians in Vietnam to these chemical agents, exposur. of US militar. per.onnel in Southeast Asia and Panama, exposur. of civilians near.the pr.vate industr.al sites that pr.duced these r.inbow agents in Nor.h Amer.ca and the hazar.ous soil contamination that per.ever.s at these sites in Vietnam and the US. Given this impr.ssive r.sear.h depth and global scope, this r.view explor.s the unique way this r.sear.h por.folio was developed by a Mer.y Band of r.tir.es thr.ugh an inter.iew with its leader. Ken Olson. It examines the goals and ethical or.entation of these militar. veter.ns, the political ecology involved, the cr.ative str.tegies they utilized to pr.duce this innovative r.sear.h, and how they changed the way Veter.ns exposed to chemical war.ar. agents ar. tr.ated by the US gover.ment.

关键词： Chemical War.ar. r.inbow Agents Geogr.phy Mer.y Band of r.tir.es Political Ecology

Br.in r.sear.h on Mental Disor.er.: A Cr.ticism

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Open Jour.al of Medical Psychology 2024年第3期13卷 71-85页

作者： John r. r.ssiter Faculty of Business and Law University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia School of Psychology Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia

Objective: To expose the pr.blems and inher.nt limitations of neur.science-based br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er.. Method: Discussion of the theor. under.ying br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er., followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. r.sults: The fundamental pr.blem is that br.in r.sear.her. fail to differ.ntiate between biological mental disor.er. in which br.in pr.cesses cause the disor.er.(notably schizophr.nia, bipolar.disor.er. and melancholic depr.ssion) and lear.ed mental disor.er. in which br.in pr.cesses mediate but do not cause the disor.er.(which is the case with r.active depr.ssion, r.active anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). r.sear.her. have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the br.in that cause biological mental disor.er., and will never.be able to locate the innumer.ble specific neur.l connections that mediate lear.ed mental disor.er.. Mor.over. the author.s r.view of typical studies in this field shows that they have ser.ous pr.blems with theor., measur.ment, and data analysis, and that their.findings cannot be tr.sted. Conclusions: Neur.science-based br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er., unlike other.neur.logical r.sear.h, has been an expensive failur. and it is not wor.h continuing.

关键词： Neur.science-Based Br.in r.sear.h Biological Mental Disor.er. Lear.ed Mental Disor.er. r.sear.h Pr.blems