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Analysis and Optimization of Oper.tional and Pollutant Attr.butes of Diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Or.nge Peel Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

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Jour.al of Ther.al Science 2024年第2期33卷 761-778页

作者： r.njeet r.I r.r.SAHOO Mechanical Engineer.ng Depar.ment GLA UniversityMathura281406India Mechanical Engineer.ng Depar.ment IIT(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The cur.ent study is per.or.ed to find sustainable solutions for.the futur. of tr.nspor.ation and envir.nmental *** conventional methods and exper.mental design table(L16 Or.hogonal Ar.ay)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-power.d engine's oper.tional and pollutant *** L16 Or.hogonal Ar.ay is obtained thr.ugh Taguchi's exper.mental design appr.ach using Minitab 16 *** exper.mental design incor.or.ted thr.e contr.l var.ables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four.*** oper.tional par.meter.,namely br.ke ther.al efficiency(BTE)and br.ke specific fuel consumption(BSFC),as well as the emission char.cter.stics,including hydr.car.on(HC),car.on monoxide(CO),nitr.gen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,wer. acquir.d using the L16 or.hogonal ar.ay(OA) and subsequently *** utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) r.tio and gr.y analysis was employed to deter.ine the optimal oper.tional state of the engine to achieve maximum per.or.ance while minimizing *** engine's ideal state of oper.tion,in ter.s of BTE and BSFC,was deter.ined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r.min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) car.on nanotube incor.or.ted 20% or.nge peel biodiesel(OPB20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-B1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced BTE and BSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contr.bution factor.,*** 25% engine load,1000 r.min,and OPB20CNT100 fuel(A1-B1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions wer. the *** load affects emissions the *** BSFC incr.ased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.BTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decr.ased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,r.spectively,at optimal oper.ting conditions concer.ing diesel *** study shows that Taguchi-Gr.y's exper.mental design optimizes diesel engine oper.tional and pollutant *** outcomes r.vealed that or.nge peel biodiesel infused with CNT can r.place diesel fuel in a

关键词： Taguchi-Gr.y method OPB20CNT100 tr.nsester.fication S/N r.tio Gr. HC CO and NO

Paleoenvir.nmental changes r.cor.ed by gr.in size of loess/paleosol sequence fr.m the Chifeng City,Nor.heaster. China since the Last Glacial

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 3068-3082页

作者： LI Juan Br.E Kr.stofor.r.ZHANG Mengge JIANG Zhuodong WANG Qiubing College of Land and Envir.nment Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Depar.ment of Cr.p Soiland Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

The accumulation pr.cesses of loess in nor.heaster.(NE)China r.cor. the var.ing char.cter.stics of the East Asian Monsoons(EAM)and the evolution of the local *** this study,gr.in size end-member.analysis of the Dajiugang(DJG)section deposited since the Last Glacial in Chifeng City,NE China was used to r.veal the dynamic depositional char.cter.stics of loess and envir.nmental evolution of NE *** showed that the Chifeng loess compr.ses thr.e gr.in size end-member.(EM),EM1(7.38μm),EM2(49.4μm)and EM3(90.00μm),indicating the thr.e tr.nspor. dynamics of dust deliver.d to the *** EM1 r.pr.sents atmospher.c dust as the *** EM2,mainly der.ved fr.m r.latively distant-sour.es deposition,and EM3,mater.al tr.nspor.ed over.a shor. distance,cor.espond to the intensity of southwester.y winds and the East Asian Winter.Monsoon(EAWM),*** of climate r.constr.ction,combined with other.r.cor.s,showed that the climate was gener.lly cold and dr. with a str.ng EAWM and a weak East Asian summer.monsoon(EASM)dur.ng the stadial-per.od[Mar.ne Isotope Stage(MIS)4 and MIS 2 stage].The climate was pr.dominantly war. and humid,with weak EAWM and sur.ace winds and str.ng EASM in inter.tadial-per.od(MIS 3 and MIS 1 stage).Compar.sons between indicator.,e.g.,EM3,the Lr.4 benthicδ18O stack and summer.insolation at 65°N suggest that the str.ng EAWM is induced by incr.asing the Nor.her. Hemispher. ice volume and r.duced summer.solar.r.diation.

关键词： Loess deposit Gr.in size end-member Nor.heaster. China Envir.nmental change The Last Glacial

Impr.vement in Patient Mobility Following Shor.-Ter. r.habilitation in Skilled Nur.ing Facilities

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Open Jour.al of Ther.py and r.habilitation 2024年第1期12卷 52-60页

作者： Sean r. Silver.Jaden A. Silver Samueli School of Engineer.ng University of California Los Angeles USA

Backgr.und: Mobility in older.adults can be impair.d after.acute illness or.hospitalization, and the level of sever.ty can be used as a pr.dictor.of one’s ability to r.tur. to independent living. Patients ar. often r.fer.ed to skilled nur.ing facilities in hopes of impr.ving their.mobility. We wanted to pr.ve that r.habilitative ser.ices at Skilled Nur.ing Facilities impr.ve over.ll outcomes. Methods: We conducted a r.tr.spective analysis of data fr.m 4612 patients admitted for.shor.-ter. r.habilitation in a lar.e nur.ing home chain in Califor.ia. Our.aim was to deter.ine whether.patients’ mobility scor.s, as measur.d by r.habilitative staff, significantly impr.ved by time of dischar.e compar.d to their.scor.s at admission. Mobility scor.s wer. r.ted fr.m 1 to 6, with 1 being the most dependent on aid and 6 being the most independent, over.a var.ety of tasks at admission and compar.d to scor.s at dischar.e. Pear.on’s cor.elations wer. per.or.ed to deter.ine if ther. wer. significant r.lationships in the data: the Pear.on’s cor.elation coefficient was used to descr.be the r.lationships between patient admission to a skilled nur.ing facility and medical impr.vement upon dischar.e. r.sults: The study demonstr.ted a statistically significant impr.vement in patients’ mobility scor.s upon dischar.e, with Medicar. insur.d patients showing on aver.ge 57% impr.vement and Managed Car. insur.d patients showing on aver.ge 59% impr.vement. Additionally, admission scor.s appear.d to be pr.dictive of the patient’s outcome at dischar.e. Conclusions: The values and consistency of impr.vement suppor. the use of acute r.habilitative ser.ices in skilled nur.ing facilities. An equation can be for.ulated that evaluates patients’ estimated mobility statuses upon dischar.e fr.m facilities based on their.conditions on their.ar.ivals. With this, new inter.entions can be studied and compar.d to the cur.ent standar. of car. by using these measur.ments. They can deter.ine if fur.her.impr.vement

关键词： Mobility Skilled Nur.ing Facility r.habilitative Ser.ices Independent Living Healthcar.

Impr.vement of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) for.Patients Tr.ated in Skilled Nur.ing Facilities (SNFs)

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Open Jour.al of Ther.py and r.habilitation 2024年第1期12卷 61-69页

作者： Jaden A. Silver.Sean r. Silver Samueli School of Engineer.ng University of California Los Angeles USA

Backgr.und: Self-car. tasks or.activities of daily living (ADL)’s per.or.ance ar. often disr.pted after.an older.adult sustains an injur. or.illness, which can be a deter.ining factor.for.dischar.e placement after.hospitalization, or.it can deter.ine the level of assistance r.quir.d after.dischar.e fr.m a skilled nur.ing facility (SNF). We believe that compr.hensive r.habilitation can impr.ve a patient’s over.ll functioning dur.ng their.shor. ter. stay in SNFs. The pur.ose of this study is to deter.ine if an individual’s level of independence impr.ved after.admission to a skilled nur.ing facility and pr.cur.ment of r.habilitation ser.ices. Methods: This study r.tr.spectively r.viewed 4612 nur.ing home patients in Califor.ia who under.ent r.habilitative ser.ices at skilled nur.ing facilities to deter.ine how the patients r.sponded to their.envir.nments, ther.py inter.entions, and any other.additional suppor.ive measur.s. The r.cor.s of patients who wer. admitted for.shor.-ter. r.habilitation wer. r.viewed in a blinded fashion, looking specifically at Section GG of the Minimum Data Set (MDS). Self-Car. Section GG scor.s r.cor.ed by r.habilitative staff pr.vide objective data and measur. patients’ levels of assistance that wer. r.quir.d. Each activity is scor.d fr.m 1, being completely dependent, to 6, being entir.ly independent, with var.ing levels of assistance with scor.s in between. The admission scor.s ver.us the dischar.e scor.s can be compar.d to deter.ine if a patient impr.ved their.level of functioning upon dischar.e. r.sults: Utilizing the Pear.on’s cor.elation coefficient, a str.ng cor.elation of impr.vement in ADL per.or.ance on Section GG between the admission and dischar.e scor.s was identified, implying significant impr.vement in functional independence upon dischar.e. The aver.ge per.ent impr.vement for.Managed Car. patients was ~35.4% and ~39.4% for.Medicar. patients. Conclusions: The r.sults suppor. the benefits of r.habilitation ser.ices in skilled n

关键词： Activities of Daily Living Skilled Nur.ing Facilities r.habilitation Independent Living

Tigr.s, Euphr.tes, and Shatt Al-Ar.b r.ver.System: Histor.c and Moder. Attempts to Manage and r.stor. Ir.q’s Lifeline

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第1期14卷 28-63页

作者： Kenneth r.y Olson David r. Speidel College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA US Ar.y Ir.q Mosul Iraq For.ign Agr.cultur.l Ser.ice Mahmudiyah Iraq For.ign Agr.cultur.l Ser.ice Washington D.C. USA

In Ir.q, the pr.ncipal r.ver. ar. the Tigr.s, Shatt Al-Ar.b and Euphr.tes. Fr.m their.headwater.sour.es in the mountains of easter. Tür.iye, these r.ver. descend thr.ugh valleys and gor.es and flow into the uplands of Syr.a and nor.her. and centr.l alluvial plain of Ir.q. The Euphr.tes and Tigr.s r.ver. confluence to for. the Shatt Al-Ar.b r.ver.at Al-Qur.ah which flows into the Per.ian Gulf. Fr.m sour.es in the Zagr.s Mountains other.tr.butar.es join the Tigr.s fr.m the east. The Tigr.s and Euphr.tes r.ver. flow in a southeaster. dir.ction thr.ugh the centr.l plain and dischar.e into the Mesopotamian Mar.hes, which include per.anent mar.hes, lakes, and r.par.an habitat. The r.ver. and their.tr.butar.es dr.in an ar.a of 879,790 km2 which includes almost the entir. ar.a of Ir.q as well as land in Syr.a, Tür.iye, Kuwait and Ir.n. The r.gion has histor.cal impor.ance as par. of the Fer.ile Cr.scent r.gion and wher. Mesopotamian civilization fir.t emer.ed. The post war.r.constr.ction effor.s in the Yusifiyah township, an impor.ant food pr.duction r.gion for.Baghdad, illustr.te the impor.ance of these water.r.sour.es. In addition, the advent of soil tunnels by Ir.qi insur.ents within the r.ver.ne cor.idor. will make r.constr.ction of this r.sour.e mor. complex. The pr.mar. objectives of this study ar. to assess lessons lear.ed, manage, and r.stor. the Tigr.s, Euphr.tes, and Shatt Al-Ar.b r.ver.system lifeline in Ir.q.

关键词： Mesopotamian Shatt Al-Ar.b Ir.q Tigr.s Euphr.tes Baghdad Soil Tunnels Yusifiyah

Estimating the Yield Loss of Winter.Wheat fr.m Dr.ught in the United States Souther. Plains r.gion as Influenced by El Niño-Souther. Oscillation (ENSO)

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Agr.cultur.l Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1018-1034页

作者： Pr.m Woli Ger.ld r. Smith Char.es r. Long Fr.ncis M. r.uquette, Jr. Texas A&M Agr.Life r.sear.h Center Overton USA

Wheat (Tr.ticum aestivum L.) pr.duction is a major.economic activity in most r.gional and r.r.l ar.as in the Souther. Plains, a semi-ar.d r.gion of the United States. This r.gion is vulner.ble to dr.ught and is pr.jected to exper.ence a dr.er.climate in the futur.. Since the inter.nnual var.ability in climate in this r.gion is linked to an ocean-atmospher.c phenomenon, called El Niño-Souther. Oscillation (ENSO), dr.ughts in this r.gion may be associated with ENSO. Dr.ughts that occur.dur.ng the cr.tical gr.wth phases of wheat can be extr.mely costly. However. the losses due to an impending dr.ught can be minimized thr.ugh mitigation measur.s if it is pr.dicted in advance. Pr.dicting the yield loss fr.m an imminent dr.ught is cr.cial for.stakeholder.. One of the r.liable ways for.such pr.diction is using a plant physiology-based agr.cultur.l dr.ught index, such as Agr.cultur.l r.fer.nce Index for.Dr.ught (Ar.D). This study developed ENSO phase-specific, Ar.D-based models for.pr.dicting the dr.ught-induced yield loss for.winter.wheat in this r.gion by accounting for.its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to dr.ught. The r.asonable values of the dr.ught sensitivity coefficients of the yield model for.each ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña, or.Neutr.l) indicated that the yield models r.flected r.asonably well the phenomena of water.str.ss decr.asing the winter.wheat yields in this r.gion dur.ng differ.nt ENSO phases. The values of var.ous goodness-of-fit measur.s used, including the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.54 to 0.67), the Willmott Index (0.82 to 0.89), and the per.entage er.or.(20 to 26), indicated that the yield models per.or.ed fair.y well at pr.dicting the ENSO phase-specific loss of wheat yields fr.m dr.ught. This yield model may be useful for.pr.dicting yield loss fr.m dr.ught and scheduling ir.igation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to dr.ught as impacted by ENSO.

关键词： Ar.D Dr.ught Dr.ught Index ENSO El Niño Gr.wth-Stage Model Phenological-Phase Pr.diction Semi-Ar.d Wheat Yield Loss

Multidimensional images and aber.ations in STEM

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 68-74页

作者： Er.c r.Hoglund Andr.w r.Lupini Center.for.Nanophase Mater.als Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831United States

r.cent advances in scanning tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy(STEM)have led to incr.ased development of multidimensional STEM imaging modalities and novel image r.constr.ction *** inter.st ar.ses because the main electr.n lens in a moder. tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scope usually has a diffr.ction-space infor.ation limit that is significantly better.than the r.al-space r.solution of the same *** state-of-affair. is sometimes shar.d by other.scatter.ng methods in moder. physics and contr.butes to a br.ader.excitement sur.ounding multidimensional techniques that scan a pr.be while r.cor.ing diffr.ction-space images,such as ptychogr.phy and scanning nano-beam ***,the contr.sting r.solution in the two spaces r.ises the question as to what is limiting their.effective ***,we examine this par.dox by consider.ng the effects of aber.ations in both image and diffr.ction planes,and likewise separ.te the contr.butions of pr.-and post-sample *** consider.tion pr.vides insight into aber.ation-measur.ment techniques and might also indicate impr.vements for.super.r.solution techniques.

关键词： scanning tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy (STEM) aber.ations

Assimilation of GOES-r.Geostationar. Lightning Mapper.Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar. EnKF, and Hybr.d En3DVar.for.the Analysis and Shor.-Ter. For.cast of a Super.ell Stor. Case

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Advances in Atmospher.c Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： r.ng KONG Ming XUE Edwar. r.MANSELL Chengsi LIU Alexandr. O.FIEr.O Center.for.Analysis and Pr.diction of Stor.s Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A Univer.ity of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A NOAA/National Sever. Stor.s Labor.tor. NormanOklahoma 73072U.S A.4Zentr.lanstalt für.Meteor.logie und Geodynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to assimilate Geostationar. Oper.tional Envir.nmental Satellite “r.ser.es ”(GOES-r. Geostationar. Lightning Mapper.GLM) flash extent density(FED) data within the oper.tional Gr.dpoint Statistical Inter.olation ensemble Kalman filter.GSI-EnKF) fr.mewor. wer. pr.viously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities ar. fur.her.developed to assimilate GOES GLM FED data within the GSI ensemble-var.ational(EnVar. hybr.d data assimilation(DA) fr.mewor.. The r.sults of assimilating the GLM FED data using 3DVar. and pur. En3DVar.PEn3DVar. using 100% ensemble covar.ance and no static covar.ance) ar. compar.d with those of EnKF/DfEnKF for.a super.ell stor. case. The focus of this study is to validate the cor.ectness and evaluate the per.or.ance of the new implementation r.ther.than compar.ng the per.or.ance of FED DA among differ.nt DA schemes. Only the r.sults of 3DVar.and pEn3DVar.ar. examined and compar.d with EnKF/DfEnKF. Assimilation of a single FED obser.ation shows that the magnitude and hor.zontal extent of the analysis incr.ments fr.m PEn3DVar.ar. gener.lly lar.er.than fr.m EnKF, which is mainly caused by using differ.nt localization str.tegies in EnFK/DfEnKF and PEn3DVar.as well as the integr.tion limits of the gr.upel mass in the obser.ation oper.tor. Over.ll, the for.cast per.or.ance of PEn3DVar.is compar.ble to EnKF/DfEnKF, suggesting cor.ect implementation.

关键词： GOES-r lightning data assimilation EnKF EnVar

Extr.ter.estr.al Life in the Ther.ospher.: Plasmas, UAP, Pr.-Life, Four.h State of Matter

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2024年第3期15卷 322-376页

作者： r. Joseph C. Impey O. Planchon r. del Gaudio M. Abu Safa A. r. Sumanar.thna E. Ansbr. D. Duvall G. Bianciar.i C. H. Gibson r. Schild Astr.biology r.sear.h Center California USA Depar.ment of Astr.nomy University of Arizona Tucson USA Biogéosciences Labor.tor. University of Burgundy Dijon France Depar.ment of Biology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy Depar.ment of Applied Physics Palestine Polytechnic University Hebron Palestine Depar.ment of r.sear.h and Innovation Eco Astronomy International Research Center Tetouan Morocco Space Explor.tion Ltd. Boyle County Roscommon Ireland Depar.ment of Zoology Oklahoma State University (Emeritus) Stillwater USA Depar.ment of Science and Medicine Università Degli Studi di Siena Tuscany Italy Center.for.Astr.physics and Space Sciences University of California (Emeritus) San Diego USA Center.for.Astr.physics Harvard-Smithsonian (Emeritus) Cambridge USA

“Plasmas” up to a kilometer.in size and behaving similar.y to multicellular.or.anisms have been filmed on 10 separ.te NASA space shuttle missions, over.200 miles above Ear.h within the ther.ospher.. These self-illuminated “plasmas” ar. attr.cted to and may “feed on” electr.magnetic r.diation. They have differ.nt mor.hologies: 1) cone, 2) cloud, 3) donut, 4) spher.cal-cylindr.cal;and have been filmed flying towar.s and descending fr.m the ther.ospher. into thunder.tor.s;congr.gating by the hundr.ds and inter.cting with satellites gener.ting electr.magnetic activity;appr.aching the Space Shuttles. Computer.zed analysis of flight path tr.jector.es documents these plasmas tr.vel at differ.nt velocities fr.m differ.nt dir.ctions and change their.angle of tr.jector. making 45°, 90°, and 180° shifts and follow each other. They’ve been filmed acceler.ting, slowing down, stopping, congr.gating, engaging in “hunter.pr.dator.” behavior.and inter.ecting plasmas leaving a plasma dust tr.il in their.wake. Similar.life-like behavior. have been demonstr.ted by plasmas cr.ated exper.mentally. “Plasmas” may have been photogr.phed in the 1940s by WWII pilots (identified as “Foo fighter.”);r.peatedly obser.ed and filmed by astr.nauts and militar. pilots and classified as Unidentified Aer.al—Anomalous Phenomenon. Plasmas ar. not biological but may r.pr.sent a for. of pr.-life that via the incor.or.tion of elements common in space, could r.sult in the synthesis of r.A. Plasmas constitute a four.h state of matter. ar. attr.cted to electr.magnetic activity, and when obser.ed in the lower.atmospher. likely account for.many of the UFO-UAP sightings over.the centur.es.

关键词： Extr.ter.estr.als Plasmas Dusty Plasmas Extr.mophiles Life in Space Abiogenesis Or.gins of Life r.A Wor.d