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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

Fr.eze-thaw cycles and associated geomor.hology in a post-glacial envir.nment:cur.ent glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and pr.glacial scenar.os at Pico de Or.zaba volcano,Mexico

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1954-1977页

作者： Víctor.SOTO Car.os M.WELSH r. Kenji YOSHIKAWA Hugo DELGADO Gr.NADOS Centr. de Ciencias de la Tier.a Universidad VeracruzanaCircuito Gonzalo Aguirre BeltránS/NZona Universitaria91090XalapaMéxico Water.and Envir.nmental r.sear.h Center University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04150México Depar.ment of Ear.h and Envir.nmental Sciences Ludwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 80333Germany

The glacial histor. of Pico de Or.zaba indicates that dur.ng the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap cover.d up to~3000 m asl;due to the air.temper.tur. incr.asing,its main glacier.has r.tr.ated to 5050 m *** r.tr.ction of the glacier.has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a high fr.quency of fr.eze-thaw cycles of gr.at intensity;the r.sulting geomor.hological pr.cesses ar. r.pr.sented by the fr.gmentation of the bedr.ck that occupies the upper.par.s of the *** is a notable lack of studies r.gar.ing the fr.gmentation and er.sion occur.ing in tr.pical high mountains,and the associated geomor.hological r.sks;for.this r.ason,as a fir.t stage of futur. continuous r.sear.h,this study analyzes the fr.ezing and thawing cycles that occur.above 4000 m asl,thr.ugh continuous monitor.ng of sur.ace gr.und *** r.sults allow us to identify and char.cter.ze four.zones:glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and *** was found that the par.glacial zone pr.sents an intense dr.p of temper.tur.,of up to~9℃ in only sixty *** r.ck fatigue and intense fr.eze-thaw cycles that occur.in this ar.a ar. r.sponsible for.the high r.te of r.ck disintegr.tion and r.pr.sent the main factor.of the constant slope dynamics that occur.at the *** activity decr.ases,both in fr.quency and intensity,accor.ing to the distance to the glacier.which is wher. the temper.tur. pr.sents a cer.ain degr.e of stability,until r.aching the pr.glacial zone,wher. cycles ar. almost non-existent,and ther.for. ther. is no gelifr.ction *** geomor.hological pr.cesses have r.sulted in significant alter.tions to the mountain slopes,which can have sever. consequences in ter.s of r.sk and water.

关键词： Fr.eze-Thaw Gelifr.ction Mountain mechanical er.sion Per.glacial geomor.hology Postglacial scenar.os

r.view and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and Consequences of Using Agr.cultur.l Her.icides as Militar. Chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第8期14卷 471-498页

作者： David r. Speidel Kenneth r. Olson USDA r.sour.e Conser.ationist and Agr.cultur.l Consultant with Natur.l r.sour.e Conservation Service and Foreign Agricultural Service Benton Missouri USA College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The legacy of the human miser. caused by the application of the her.icides including Agent Pur.le and Agent Or.nge contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the ar.enic-based her.icide, spr.yed over.the jungles, r.ce fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? Could it have been pr.vented? Was it necessar. United States militar. str.tegy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldier. and the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their.land and cause gener.tions of har.? Alter.atively, was it an unpr.ventable accident in the mar.h of militar. histor.? What patter.s in the U.S. gover.ment’s thought pr.cess could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these her.icides as tactical chemical weapons? If the intr.duction of her.icide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War.and the Secr.t War. in Laos and Cambodia have been any differ.nt? The objective of this tr.atise is to outline the r.le of wor.d events and backgr.unds and the r.le of the leader., U.S. militar., CIA, USDA, U.S. State Depar.ment, the U.S. Pr.sident appointed Ambassador. to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and Pr.sident Diệm’s r.public of Vietnam (r.N) gover.ment and militar.. Their.collective advice led to the decision to use her.icides as militar. and envir.nmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Wer. the National inter.sts achieved by U.S. militar. str.tegy in the r.N using her.icide weapons wor.h the long-ter. envir.nmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War.

关键词： Second Indochina War Cambodia Laos South Vietnam Vietnam War Tactical Her.icides Agent Blue Agent Or.nge Agent Pur.le Dioxin TCDD Ar.enic

Pr.of of Concept for.a Twin Pr.me Number.Univer.e Using Set Theor.

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Amer.can Jour.al of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期14卷 305-317页

作者： John r. Cr.r. Independent r.sear.her Lake Zurich IL USA

The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (eFSC) Model attempts to give a classical definition to a magical number.that under.ies much of quantum physics. The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α) value equal to 137.03599206 r.pr.sents a dimensionless constant that char.cter.zes the str.ngth of the electr.magnetic (EM) inter.ction between subatomic char.ed par.icles. Python-gener.ted pr.per.y counts for.the twin pr.me for.e F{139/137} show that the adjusted r.tio gives a value of α = 137.036. This implies a mathematical fr.mewor. under.ying this constant is based on twin pr.me number. and set theor.. This study attempts to demonstr.te a pr.of of concept that a hier.r.hy of fr.ctional twin pr.me (αII) for.es r.plicates the quantum natur. of the univer.e and is aligned with the Standar. Model of Par.icle Physics. An expanded eFSC Model demonstr.tes that twin pr.me for.es and their.pr.per.y sets ar. mathematically viable substitutes for.nuclear.r.actions, as demonstr.ted for.the Beta-minus decay of neutr.ns into pr.tons. Most significantly, the positive and negative pr.me number. define these nuclear.r.actants and pr.ducts as positive or.negatively char.ed ions. Fur.her.or., the eFSC Model pr.vides new insights r.gar.ing the hier.r.hy of EM for.es under.ying the quantum natur. of the univer.e.

关键词： Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α) Pr.me Number. Set Theor. Conceptual Model Quantum Physics Light and Matter Beta-Minus Decay

Br.in r.sear.h on Mental Disor.er.: A Cr.ticism

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Open Jour.al of Medical Psychology 2024年第3期13卷 71-85页

作者： John r. r.ssiter Faculty of Business and Law University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia School of Psychology Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia

Objective: To expose the pr.blems and inher.nt limitations of neur.science-based br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er.. Method: Discussion of the theor. under.ying br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er., followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. r.sults: The fundamental pr.blem is that br.in r.sear.her. fail to differ.ntiate between biological mental disor.er. in which br.in pr.cesses cause the disor.er.(notably schizophr.nia, bipolar.disor.er. and melancholic depr.ssion) and lear.ed mental disor.er. in which br.in pr.cesses mediate but do not cause the disor.er.(which is the case with r.active depr.ssion, r.active anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). r.sear.her. have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the br.in that cause biological mental disor.er., and will never.be able to locate the innumer.ble specific neur.l connections that mediate lear.ed mental disor.er.. Mor.over. the author.s r.view of typical studies in this field shows that they have ser.ous pr.blems with theor., measur.ment, and data analysis, and that their.findings cannot be tr.sted. Conclusions: Neur.science-based br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er., unlike other.neur.logical r.sear.h, has been an expensive failur. and it is not wor.h continuing.

关键词： Neur.science-Based Br.in r.sear.h Biological Mental Disor.er. Lear.ed Mental Disor.er. r.sear.h Pr.blems

The Quantum Micr.ver.e: A Pr.me Number.Fr.mewor. for.Under.tanding the Univer.e

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Amer.can Jour.al of Computational Mathematics 2024年第2期14卷 264-274页

作者： John r. Cr.r. Independent r.sear.her Lake Zurich IL USA

This study aims to demonstr.te a pr.of of concept for.a novel theor. of the univer.e based on the Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α), der.ved fr.m n-dimensional pr.me number.pr.per.y sets, specifically α = 137 and α = 139. The FSC Model intr.duces a new per.pective on the fundamental natur. of our.univer.e, showing that α = 137.036 can be calculated fr.m these pr.me pr.per.y sets. The Fine Str.ctur. Constant, a cor.er.tone in Quantum Electr.dynamics (QED) and Quantum Chr.modynamics (QCD), implies an under.ying str.ctur.. This study identifies this mathematical fr.mewor. and demonstr.tes how the FSC model theor. aligns with our.cur.ent under.tanding of physics and cosmology. The r.sults unveil a hier.r.hy of α values for.twin pr.me pair. U{3/2} thr.ugh U{199/197}. These values, r.pr.sented by their.fr.ction par.s α♊ (e.g., 0.036), define the r.lative electr.magnetic for.es dr.ving quantum ener.y systems. The lower.twin pr.me pair., such as U{3/2}, exhibit higher.EM for.es that decr.ase as the twin pair. incr.ase, tur.ing dar. when they dr.p below the α♊ for.light. The r.sults pr.vide classical definitions for.Bar.onic Matter.Ener.y, Dar. Matter. Dar. Ener.y, and Antimatter.but mostly illustr.te how the combined α♊ values for.thr.e adjacent twin pr.mes, U{7/5/3/2} mir.or. the str.ng nuclear.for.e of gluons holding quar.s together.

关键词： Fine Str.ctur. Constant Fr.ctional Coupling Constants Matter.Antimatter Dar. Matter.Ener.y Quantum Gr.vity Pr.me Number. Set Theor.

Decadal For.casts of Lar.e Ear.hquakes along the Nor.her. San Andr.as Fault System, Califor.ia: Incr.ased Activity on r.gional Cr.eping Faults Pr.or.to Major.and Gr.at Events

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Geosciences 2024年第2期15卷 204-230页

作者： Lynn r. Sykes Lamont-Doher.y Ear.h Obser.ator. of Columbia Univer.ity Palisades New York USA

The thr.e lar.est ear.hquakes in nor.her. Califor.ia since 1849 wer. pr.ceded by incr.ased decadal activity for.moder.te-size shocks along sur.ounding near.y faults. Incr.ased seismicity, double-differ.nce pr.cise locations of ear.hquakes since 1968, geodetic data and fault offsets for.the 1906 gr.at shock ar. used to r.-examine the timing and locations of possible futur. lar.e ear.hquakes. The physical mechanisms of r.gional faults like the Calaver.s, Haywar. and Sar.ent, which exhibit cr.ep, differ.fr.m those of the nor.her. San Andr.as, which is cur.ently locked and is not cr.eping. Much decadal for.r.nning activity occur.ed on cr.eping faults. Moder.te-size ear.hquakes along those faults became mor. fr.quent as str.sses in the r.gion incr.ased in the latter.par. of the cycle of str.ss r.stor.tion for.major.and gr.at ear.hquakes along the San Andr.as. They may be useful for.decadal for.casts. Year.y to decadal for.casts, however. ar. based on only a few major.to gr.at events. Activity along closer.faults like that in the two year. pr.or.to the 1989 Loma Pr.eta shock needs to be examined for.possible year.y for.r.nning changes to lar.e plate boundar. ear.hquakes. Geodetic obser.ations ar. needed to focus on identifying cr.eping faults close to the San Andr.as. The distr.bution of moder.te-size ear.hquakes incr.ased significantly since 1990 along the Haywar. fault but not adjacent to the San Andr.as fault to the south of San Fr.ncisco compar.d to what took place in the decades pr.or.to the thr.e major.histor.c ear.hquakes in the r.gion. It is now clear.fr.m a r.-examination of the 1989 mainshock that the incr.ased level of moder.te-size shocks in the one to two pr.ceding decades occur.ed on near.y East Bay faults. Double-differ.nce locations of small ear.hquakes pr.vide str.ctur.l infor.ation about faults in the r.gion, especially their.depths. The nor.her. San Andr.as fault is divided into sever.l str.ngly coupled segments based on differ.nces in seismicity.

关键词： San Andr.as and Haywar. Faults Califor.ia Fault Cr.ep For.casts Double-Differ.nce r.locations

Geogr.phies of Chemical War.ar. in Vietnam: The Mer.y Band of r.tir.es

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第9期14卷 530-536页

作者： Br.an r. Higgins State Univer.ity of New Yor. Plattsburgh NY USA

This r.view explor.s the r.cent development of r.sear.h on r.inbow her.icides as chemical weapons and the geogr.phies of chemical war.ar. in what is now the Socialist r.public of Vietnam. While the use and impacts of Agent Or.nge have pr.viously been well documented, the pr.duction and extensive application of five other.r.inbow agents by the United States militar. has only r.cently been investigated in detail. What is exceptional about this r.sear.h of chemical war.ar. landscapes is that the 23 r.fer.ed jour.al publications in this r.view wer. designed, implemented, and published in a unique collective r.sear.h pr.ject by Ken Olson and a Mer.y Band of Militar. r.tir.es. Their.gr.undbr.aking r.sear.h por.folio includes many geogr.phical dimensions and the political ecology of chemical war.ar.. This includes the extensive exposur. of civilians in Vietnam to these chemical agents, exposur. of US militar. per.onnel in Southeast Asia and Panama, exposur. of civilians near.the pr.vate industr.al sites that pr.duced these r.inbow agents in Nor.h Amer.ca and the hazar.ous soil contamination that per.ever.s at these sites in Vietnam and the US. Given this impr.ssive r.sear.h depth and global scope, this r.view explor.s the unique way this r.sear.h por.folio was developed by a Mer.y Band of r.tir.es thr.ugh an inter.iew with its leader. Ken Olson. It examines the goals and ethical or.entation of these militar. veter.ns, the political ecology involved, the cr.ative str.tegies they utilized to pr.duce this innovative r.sear.h, and how they changed the way Veter.ns exposed to chemical war.ar. agents ar. tr.ated by the US gover.ment.

关键词： Chemical War.ar. r.inbow Agents Geogr.phy Mer.y Band of r.tir.es Political Ecology

Standar. Model Fer.ion Masses and Char.es fr.m Hologr.phic Analysis

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2024年第6期15卷 796-803页

作者： T. r. Mongan Sausalito CA USA

The Standar. Model of par.icle physics involves twelve fundamental fer.ions, tr.ated as point par.icles, in four.char.e states. However. the Standar. Model does not explain why only thr.e fer.ions ar. in each char.e state or.account for.neutr.no mass. This hologr.phic analysis tr.ats char.ed Standar. Model fer.ions as spher.s with mass 0.187 g/cm2 times their.sur.ace ar.a, using the pr.por.ionality constant in the hologr.phic r.lation between mass of the obser.able univer.e and event hor.zon r.dius. The analysis r.quir.s thr.e Standar. Model fer.ions per.char.e state and r.lates up quar. and down quar. masses to electr.n mass. Hologr.phic analysis specifies electr.n mass, to six significant figur.s, in ter.s of fundamental constants α,ℏ,G,Λ and Ω Λ . Tr.ating neutr.nos as spher.s and equating electr.n neutr.no ener.y density with cosmic vacuum ener.y density pr.dicts neutr.no masses consistent with exper.ment.

关键词： Electr.n Mass Up Quar. Mass Down Quar. Mass Neutr.no Masses

Analysis and Optimization of Oper.tional and Pollutant Attr.butes of Diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Or.nge Peel Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

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Jour.al of Ther.al Science 2024年第2期33卷 761-778页

作者： r.njeet r.I r.r.SAHOO Mechanical Engineer.ng Depar.ment GLA UniversityMathura281406India Mechanical Engineer.ng Depar.ment IIT(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The cur.ent study is per.or.ed to find sustainable solutions for.the futur. of tr.nspor.ation and envir.nmental *** conventional methods and exper.mental design table(L16 Or.hogonal Ar.ay)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-power.d engine's oper.tional and pollutant *** L16 Or.hogonal Ar.ay is obtained thr.ugh Taguchi's exper.mental design appr.ach using Minitab 16 *** exper.mental design incor.or.ted thr.e contr.l var.ables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four.*** oper.tional par.meter.,namely br.ke ther.al efficiency(BTE)and br.ke specific fuel consumption(BSFC),as well as the emission char.cter.stics,including hydr.car.on(HC),car.on monoxide(CO),nitr.gen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,wer. acquir.d using the L16 or.hogonal ar.ay(OA) and subsequently *** utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) r.tio and gr.y analysis was employed to deter.ine the optimal oper.tional state of the engine to achieve maximum per.or.ance while minimizing *** engine's ideal state of oper.tion,in ter.s of BTE and BSFC,was deter.ined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r.min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) car.on nanotube incor.or.ted 20% or.nge peel biodiesel(OPB20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-B1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced BTE and BSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contr.bution factor.,*** 25% engine load,1000 r.min,and OPB20CNT100 fuel(A1-B1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions wer. the *** load affects emissions the *** BSFC incr.ased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.BTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decr.ased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,r.spectively,at optimal oper.ting conditions concer.ing diesel *** study shows that Taguchi-Gr.y's exper.mental design optimizes diesel engine oper.tional and pollutant *** outcomes r.vealed that or.nge peel biodiesel infused with CNT can r.place diesel fuel in a

关键词： Taguchi-Gr.y method OPB20CNT100 tr.nsester.fication S/N r.tio Gr. HC CO and NO