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Electr.car.iogr.m Signal Denoising Using Optimized Adaptive Hybr.d Filter.with Empir.cal Wavelet Tr.nsfor.

Jour.al of Shanghai Jiaotong Univer.ity (Science) 2025年第1期30卷 66-80页

作者： balasubramanian, S. Nar.ka, Mahaveer.Singh Tewar., Gaur.v Depar.ment of Electr.nics and Communication Engineer.ng Maharishi University of Information Technology Maharishi Vidya Mandir Lucknow226013 India Depar.ment of Electr.nics and Communication Engineer.ng IEC College of Engineering and Technology Greater Noida201310 India Depar.ment of Electr.cal Communication Engineer.ng School of Information and Communication Technology Gautam Buddha University Greater Noida201310 India

Car.iovascular.diseases ar. the wor.d’s leading cause of death;ther.for. car.iac health of the human hear. has been a fascinating topic for.decades. The electr.car.iogr.m (ECG) signal is a compr.hensive non-invasive method for.deter.ining car.iac health. Var.ous health pr.ctitioner. use the ECG signal to ascer.ain cr.tical infor.ation about the human hear.. In this ar.icle, swar. intelligence appr.aches ar. used in the biomedical signal pr.cessing sector.to enhance adaptive hybr.d filter. and empir.cal wavelet tr.nsfor.s (EWTs). At fir.t, the white Gaussian noise is added to the input ECG signal and then applied to the EWT. The ECG signals ar. denoised by the pr.posed adaptive hybr.d filter. The honey badge optimization (HBO) algor.thm is utilized to optimize the EWT window function and adaptive hybr.d filter.weight par.meter.. The pr.posed appr.ach is simulated by MATLAB 2018a using the MIT-BIH dataset with white Gaussian, electr.myogr.m and electr.de motion ar.ifact noises. A compar.son of the HBO appr.ach with r.cur.ive least squar.-based adaptive filter. multichannel least means squar., and discr.te wavelet tr.nsfor. methods has been done in or.er.to show the efficiency of the pr.posed adaptive hybr.d filter. The exper.mental r.sults show that the HBO appr.ach suppor.ed by EWT and adaptive hybr.d filter.can be employed efficiently for.car.iovascular.signal denoising. © Shanghai Jiao Tong Univer.ity 2023.

关键词： Least squar.s appr.ximations

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Bur.-Up Measur.ments on Dissolver.Solution of Mixed Oxide Fuel Using HPLC-Mass Spectr.metr.c Method

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Analytical Mass Spectr.metr. and Chr.matogr.phy 2013年第1期1卷 55-60页

作者： S. Ber. r. balasubramanian Ar.ita Datta r. Sajimol S. Nalini T. S. Lakshmi Nar.simhan M. P. Antony N. Sivar.man K. Nagar.jan P. r. Vasudeva r.o Chemistr. Gr.up Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam India

Bur.-up measur.ment on an ir.adiated mixed oxide (MOX) test fuel pellet was car.ied out thr.ugh measur.ments on the dissolver.solution by HPLC-Ther.al Ionization Mass Spectr.metr.c (TIMS) technique. The studies car.ied out using HPLC as well as TIMS for.quantification of bur.-up value ar. descr.bed. While in one case, both the separ.tion and deter.ination of elements of inter.st (U, Pu and Nd) wer. car.ied out by HPLC;in another.case, TIMS technique was used to quantify them fr.m the HPLC separ.ted *** r.pid separ.tion pr.cedur.s developed in our.labor.tor. ear.ier.wer. employed to isolate pur. fr.ctions of the desir.d elements. The individual lanthanide fission pr.ducts (La to Eu) wer. separ.ted fr.m each other.using dynamic ion-exchange chr.matogr.phic technique wher.as ur.nium and plutonium wer. separ.ted fr.m each other.using r.ver.ed phase chr.matogr.phic technique. The pur. fr.ctions of U, Pu and Nd obtained after.HPLC separ.tion pr.cedur. for.“spiked” and “unspiked” dissolver.solutions wer. used in TIMS measur.ments for.the fir.t time in our.labor.tor.. In TIMS analysis, isotopic abundances of ur.nium, plutonium and neodymium fr.ctions obtained fr.m HPLC separ.tion pr.cedur. on an “unspiked” fuel sample wer. measur.d. For.the deter.ination of U, Pu and Nd by isotopic dilution mass spectr.metr.c technique (IDMS), known quantities of tr.cer. enr.ched in 238U, 240Pu and 142Nd wer. added to the pr.-weighed dissolver.solution and subjected to HPLC separ.tion pr.cedur.s. The isotope r.tios viz. 142Nd/(145Nd +146Nd), 238U/233U and 240Pu/239Pu in the per.inent “spiked” fr.ctions wer. subsequently measur.d by TIMS. The spikes wer. pr.-standar.ized in our.labor.tor. employing r.ver.e isotopic dilution technique against the standar. solutions available in our.labor.tor. (for.238U, 239Pu and 142Nd, standar. solutions of 233U, 239Pu (of higher.abundance than in the sample) and 150Nd wer. employed as spikes). The bur.-up values fr.m duplicate spiking exper.ments

关键词： MOX Dissolver Solution HPLC TIMS Ur.nium Plutonium Neodymium

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结核病的性别差异:南印度某农村地区DOTS项目报告

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结核与肺部疾病杂志 2004年第4期7卷 131-139页

作者： r. balasubramanian r. Gar. T. Santha P. G. Gopi r. Subr.mani V. Chandr.sekar.n A. Thomas r. r.jeswar. S. Anandakr.shnan M. Per.mal C. Nir.par.ni G. Sudha K. Jaggar.jamma T. r. Fr.eden P. r. Nar.yanan 刘小秋 Tuber.ulosis r.sear.h Centr. Chennai Wor.d Health Or.anization Stop Tuberculosis Unit South East Asia Regional Office New Delhi Depar.ment of Medical Ser.ices Tamil Nadu India

背景:南印度 Tir.vallur.地区。目的:了解 14 岁以上成年人在结核感染和患病、就医途径、就医行为、诊断延误、接受 DOT的方便程度、疾病歧视以及治疗依从性等方面的性别差异。方法:相关数据主要来自:1)社区调查,2)在公立初级保健卫生机... 详细信息

背景:南印度 Tir.vallur.地区。目的:了解 14 岁以上成年人在结核感染和患病、就医途径、就医行为、诊断延误、接受 DOT的方便程度、疾病歧视以及治疗依从性等方面的性别差异。方法:相关数据主要来自:1)社区调查,2)在公立初级保健卫生机构(PHIS)主动就医的病人,3)转诊到 PHIS 进行痰涂片检查的可疑结核病人;4)DOTS 策略下的登记报告结核病人。并将社区调查结果与 PHIS 登记病人进行比较。结果:社区人群中 66%的男性和 57%的女性感染了结核菌;男性和女性的涂阳肺结核患病率分别为568/10 万和87/10 万。在 PHIS 就医的男性少于女性,男女之比为 68:100。女性占社区调查发现涂阳病人的 13%;占 PHIS 发现病人的 20%(P<0.05)。随着年龄的增长,男性和女性的登记率显著降低。女性感觉难于与家人讨论自己病情的比例要高于男性(21%∶14%),也更需要有人陪伴去接受 DOT(11%∶6%)。男性的治疗中断率比女性高 1 倍(19%∶8%;P<0.01)。结论:尽管女性发病后更容易遭受歧视和不便,但女性更易于利用医疗服务、接受 DOTS 策略登记以及依从治疗。而男性以及高龄病人在诊断和 DOT服务方面更需要帮助。

关键词：男性女性病人结核病诊断 DOTS策略治疗就医农村地区结核感染

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Optimizing the micr.-ar. oxidation (MAO) par.meter. to attain coatings with minimum por.sity and maximum har.ness on the fr.ction stir.welded AA6061 aluminium alloy welds

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2017年第2期13卷 111-117页

作者： r. Kamal Jayar.j S. Malar.izhi V. balasubramanian Centr. for.Mater.als Joining and r.sear.h(CEMAJOr. Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar608 002Tamil NaduIndia

Micr.-ar. oxidation(MAO) technique is capable of pr.ducing dense oxide films on the aluminium alloy sur.ace. This oxide film pr.tects the aluminium alloy fr.m the cor.osion attack for.longer.*** r.lationships wer. der.ved to evaluate the MAO coating pr.per.ies(por.sity and har.ness) by incor.or.ting ver. impor.ant MAO par.meter.(cur.ent density, inter.electr.de distance and oxidation time). MAO par.meter. wer. also optimized to achieve coatings with minimum por.sity and maximum har.ness. Fur.her. the effect of MAO par.meter. on coating char.cter.stics was analysed. Fr.m the r.sults, it is found that the cur.ent density has gr.ater.influence on the r.sponses than the other.two par.meter..

关键词： Micr.-ar. oxidation Aluminium alloy Fr.ction stir weld r.sponse sur.ace methodology

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Bur.ing r.te and other.char.cter.stics of str.ntium titanate （Sr.iO3） supplemented AP/HTPB/Al composite pr.pellants

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第3期15卷 313-318页

作者： Sunil Jain Gar.ma Gupta Dhir.ndr. r. Kshir.agar.Vr.shali H. Khir. balasubramanian Kandasubr.manian HEMr. Sutarwadi Pune India a DIAT Girinagar Pune India

In a quest of sear.h for.a new bur.ing r.te modifier.for.composite pr.pellant, str.ntium titanate (Sr.iO3), a per.vskite oxide has been chosen for.evaluation in a composite pr.pellant for.ulation based on its other.catalytic applications. Initially, Sr.iO3 was char.cter.zed for.par.icle size, mor.hology and mater.al/ phase identification (using Xr.). By var.ing Sr.iO3 content in a standar. composite pr.pellant, differ.nt compositions wer. pr.par.d and their.per.or.ance and pr.cessing par.meter. like the end of mix (EOM) viscosity, mechanical pr.per.ies, density, bur.ing r.te, pr.ssur. exponent (n-value), etc. wer. measur.d. The r.sults r.veal that 2% Sr.iO3 causes mor. than 12% enhancement in pr.pellant bur.ing r.te (at 70 ksc pr.ssur.) in compar.son to the standar. pr.pellant composition. The pr.ssur. exponent also incr.ases to 0.46, wher.as the standar. composition was having its value as 0.35.

关键词： Str.ntium titanate Ammonium per.hlor.te Composite pr.pellant Bur.ing r.te

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Optimization of Fr.ction Welding Pr.cess Par.meter. for.Joining Car.on Steel and Stainless Steel

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Jour.al of Ir.n and Steel r.sear.h Inter.ational 2012年第1期19卷 66-71页

作者： r.Paventhan P r.Lakshminar.yanan V balasubramanian Center.for.Mater.als Joining r.sear.h(CEMAJOr. Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagar 608002Tamil NaduIndia

Fr.ction weIding is a solid state joining pr.cess used extensively cur.ently owing to its advantages such as low heat input, high pr.duction efficiency, ease of manufactur., and envir.nment fr.endliness. Mater.als difficult to be welded by fusion welding pr.cesses can be successfully welded by fr.ction welding. An attempt was made to develop an empir.cal r.lationship to pr.dict the tensile str.ngth of fr.ction welded AISI 1040 gr.de medium car.on steel and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel, incor.or.ting the pr.cess par.meter. such as fr.ction pr.ssur., for.ing pr.ssur., fr.ction time and for.ing time, which have gr.at influence on str.ngth of the joints. r.sponse sur.ace methodology was applied to optimize the fr.ction welding pr.cess par.meter. to attain maximum tensile str.ngth of the joint. The maximum tensile str.ngth of 543 MPa could be obtained for.the joints fabr.cated under.the welding conditions of fr.ction pr.ssur. of 90 MPa, for.ing pr.ssur. of 90 MPa, fr.ction time of 6 s and for.ing time of 6 s.

关键词： fr.ction welding stainless steel r.sponse sur.ace methodology optimization

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Effect of pr.cess par.meter. on SPr.35 spot welded automotive panels

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Acta Metallur.ica Sinica(English Letter.) 2010年第3期23卷 185-190页

作者： M.balasubramanian V.balasubramanian Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng Velammal Engineering College Depar.ment of Manufactur.ng Engineer.ng Annamalai University

This paper.pr.sents an exper.mental study on the r.sistance spot weldability of SPr.35（steel plate r.-phosphor.sed cold r.lled） *** sheets wer. joined by using r.sistance spot welding as lap *** weld nugget diameter.and tensile shear.for.e wer. ***-shear.tests wer. applied to the welded specimens to under.tand the tensile shear.for.e that the joint can *** r.lationships wer. developed for.both nugget diameter.and tensile shear.*** of automatic mode, will incr.ase the dependence on the use of equations to pr.dict the nugget *** developed models have been checked for.their.adequacy and significance by the F test and t test *** r.sults obtained fr.m the empir.cal r.lationships have been optimized and also tested using confor.ity test r.ns.

关键词： r.sistance spot welding SPr.35 steel

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Cr.tical r.view of biochar.for.the r.moval of emer.ing inor.anic pollutants fr.m wastewater

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Chinese Chemical Letter. 2025年第2期36卷 127-135页

作者： Chong Liu Nanthi Bolan Anushka Upamali r.japaksha Hailong Wang Par.masivan balasubramanian Pengyan Zhang Xuan Cuong Nguyen Fayong Li College of Water.r.sour.es and Ar.hitectur.l Engineer.ng Tarim University Depar.ment of Chemical & Mater.als Engineer.ng University of Auckland UWA School of Agr.cultur. and Envir.nment The University of Western Australia The UWA Institute of Agr.cultur. The University of Western Australia Ecospher. r.silience r.sear.h Center Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura Instr.ment Center Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura School of Envir.nmental and Chemical Engineer.ng Foshan University Guangdong Pr.vincial Key Labor.tor. of Integr.ted Agr.-Envir.nmental Pollution Contr.l and Management Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences Guangdong Academy of Sciences Faculty of Envir.nmental Chemical Engineer.ng Duy Tan University Faculty of Envir.nmental Chemical Engineer.ng Duy Tan University

Cur.ent r.sear.h pr.mar.ly focuses on emer.ing or.anic pollutants, with limited attention to emer.ing inor.anic pollutants (EIPs). However. due to advances in detection technology and the escalating envir.nmental and health challenges posed by pollution, ther. is a gr.wing inter.st in tr.ating water. contaminated with EIPs. This paper.explor.s biochar.char.cter.stics and modification methods, encompassing physical, chemical, and biological appr.aches for.adsor.ing EIPs. It offer. a compr.hensive r.view of r.sear.h advancements in employing biochar.for.EIPs r.mediation in water. outlines the adsor.tion mechanisms of EIPs by biochar. and pr.sents an envir.nmental and economic analysis. It can be concluded that using biochar.for.the adsor.tion of EIPs in wastewater.exhibits pr.mising potential. Nonetheless, it is notewor.hy that cer.ain EIPs like Au(III), r.(III), Ir.III), r.(III), Os(III), Sc(III), and Y(III), have not been extensively investigated r.gar.ing their.adsor.tion onto biochar. This compr.hensive r.view will catalyze fur.her.inquir. into the biochar.based adsor.tion of EIPs, addr.ssing cur.ent r.sear.h deficiencies and advancing the pr.ctical implementation of biochar.as a potent substr.te for.EIP r.moval fr.m wastewater.str.ams.

关键词： Adsor.tion Biochar Emer.ing contaminants Emer.ing inor.anic pollutants Emer.ing pollutants Metal ions r.moval

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Evaluation of Dr. Sliding Wear.Behaviour.of Plasma Tr.nsfer.ed Ar. Har.faced Stainless Steel

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Jour.al of Ir.n and Steel r.sear.h Inter.ational 2009年第4期16卷 49-54页

作者： C S r.machandr.n V balasubramanian r.Var.hamoor.hy Centr. for.Mater.als Joining and r.sear.h(CEMAJOr. Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai University

The effects of differ.nt exper.mental conditions on the dr. sliding wear.behavior.of stainless steel sur.ace pr.duced by plasma tr.nsfer.ed ar. （PTA） har.facing pr.cess wer. studied. The wear.test was conducted in a pinon-r.ller.wear.testing machine, at constant sliding distance of 1 kin. Mathematical models wer. developed to estimate wear.r.te incor.or.ting with r.tational speed, applied load and r.ller.har.ness using statistical tools such as design of exper.ments, r.gr.ssion analysis and analysis of var.ance. It is found that the wear.r.sistance of the PTA har.faced stainless steel sur.ace is better.than that of the car.on steel substr.te.

关键词： dr. sliding wear plasma tr.nsfer.ed ar. har.facing car.on steel stainless steel var.ance analysis exper.mental design

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Low Pr.ssur. DC Glow Dischar.e Air.Plasma Sur.ace Tr.atment of Polyethylene (PE) Film for.Impr.vement of Adhesive Pr.per.ies

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第1期15卷 56-63页

作者： Kr.shnasamy NAVANEETHA PANDIYAr.J Vengatasamy SELVAr.JAN r.jendr.sing r. DESHMUKH Coimbator.. Par.masivam YOGANAND Sur.sh balasubramanian Sundar.m MAr.THAMUTHU Depar.ment of Physics Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology Plasma Physics Labor.tor. Department of Physics Bharathiar University Depar.ment of Physics Institute of Chemical Technology Micr.bial-Cor.osion Labor.tor. Central Electrochemical Research Institute

The pr.sent wor. deals with the change in sur.ace pr.per.ies of polyethylene （PE） film using DC low pr.ssur. glow dischar.e air.plasma and makes it useful for.technical applications. The change in hydr.philicity of the modified PE film sur.ace was investigated by measur.ng contact angle and sur.ace ener.y as a function of exposur. time. Changes in the mor.hological and chemical composition of PE films wer. analyzed by atomic for.e micr.scopy （AFM） and X-r.y photoelectr.n spectr.scopy （XPS）. The impr.vement in adhesion was studied by measur.ng T-peel and lap-shear.str.ngth. The r.sults show that the wettability and sur.ace ener.y of the PE film has been impr.ved due to the intr.duction of oxygen-containing polar.gr.ups and an incr.ase in sur.ace r.ughness. The XPS r.sult clear.y shows the incr.ase in concentr.tion of oxygen content and the for.ation of polar.gr.ups on the polymer.sur.ace. The AFM obser.ation on PE film shows that the r.ughness of the sur.ace incr.ased due to plasma tr.atment. The above mor.hological and chemical changes enhanced the adhesive pr.per.ies of the PE＇film sur.aces, which was confir.ed by T-peel and lap-shear.tests.

关键词： glow dischar.e plasma PE hydr.philicity XPS and adhesion

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