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structural basis for polyuridine tract recognition by sArs-CoV-2 Nsp15

Protein & Cell 2024年第7期15卷 547-552页

作者： Fumiaki Ito Hanjing Yang Z.Hong Zhou Xiaojiang s.chen Molecular and Computational Biology Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095United States California Nanosystems Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095United States Genetic Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States Center of Excellence in NanoBiophysics University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States

Dear Editor,Coronaviruses have evolved a wide array of tactics to evade host antiviral *** host cells detect invading foreign nucleic acids including viral genome and viral replication intermediates,they activate interferon(IFN)signaling via cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors(Kang et al.,2002;Kato et al.,2006).remarkable stealth activities exhibited by coronaviruses are facilitated by a series of non-structural proteins(Nsps),such as Nsp15(Deng and Baker,2018;Deng et al.,2019;Hackbart et al.,2020),which is a uridine-specific endoribonuclease that mediates evasion of host detection of viral double-stranded rNA(dsrNA)(Bhardwaj et al.,2004;Deng et al.,2017;Frazier et al.,2021;Ivanov et al.,2004).Nsp15 targets a polyuridine[poly(U)]tract on the coronavirus negative strand rNA(Hackbart et al.,2020).Nsp15 limits the abundance and length of poly(U)within the negative strand rNA 5ʹ-extension by trimming down the initially synthesized poly(U)lead sequence to the optimal length that can suppress dsrNA formation but still serves as a template for poly(A)tail of the positive strand genome of the coronaviruses(Hofmann and Brian,1991).

关键词： p15 interferon template

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缸内直喷汽油机进一步降低燃油消耗率的低节流气门技术的评估和比较

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汽车与新动力 2019年第5期2卷 42-48页

作者： P.FrEELAND[英] G.JONEs[英] M.E.KAssEM[英] r.KAIsEr[英] r-s.chen L-W.HUANG 高英英(译) 不详

阐述了1种采用气门技术降低燃油耗的方法,能够使汽油机效率等同于柴油机效率。通过全参数可变进气系统并结合宽广运行范围的凸轮相位器,相对提高了内燃机效率,而且该气门技术能够提供零气门升程,实现停缸功能。原型概念机试验结果显示... 详细信息

阐述了1种采用气门技术降低燃油耗的方法,能够使汽油机效率等同于柴油机效率。通过全参数可变进气系统并结合宽广运行范围的凸轮相位器,相对提高了内燃机效率,而且该气门技术能够提供零气门升程,实现停缸功能。原型概念机试验结果显示了进气门早关、气门重叠和停缸的协同工作,以及不同工况下这种协同工作的局限性。论证了升功率超过105kW、平均有效压力为0.2 MPa、空燃比λ=1.0工况下燃油消耗率少于300g/(kW·h)的可量产的2.0L中央直喷汽油机(GDI)的潜力。强制点火汽油机采用预混当量比燃烧,效率与柴油机效率相当,燃烧更为清洁,后处理过程更为简单、稳定。

关键词：低节流气门缸内直喷燃油消耗率可调气门

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Interfacial stress engineering toward enhancement of ferroelectricity in Al doped HfO_(2)thin films

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 637-643页

作者： s X chen M M chen Y Liu D W Cao G J chen Department of Microelectronics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Physics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Foshan UniversityFoshan 528225China

Ferroelectric HfO_(2)has attracted much attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and good compatibility with si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOs)***,the crystallization of polar orthorhombic phase(o-phase)HfO_(2)is less competitive,which greatly limits the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin ***,the crystallization of o-phase HfO_(2)can be thermodynamically modulated via interfacial stress *** this paper,the growth of improved ferroelectric Al doped HfO_(2)(HfO_(2):Al)thin films on(111)-oriented si substrate has been *** analysis has suggested that nonpolar monoclinic HfO_(2):Al grown on(111)-oriented si substrate suffered from a strong compressive strain,which promoted the crystallization of(111)-oriented o-phase HfO_(2)in the as-grown HfO_(2):Al thin *** addition,the in-plane lattice of(111)-oriented si substrate matches well with that of(111)-oriented o-phase HfO_(2),which further thermally stabilizes the o-phase HfO_(2).Accordingly,an improved ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization(2P_(r))of 26.7C/cm^(2) has been *** results shown in this work provide a simple way toward the preparation of improved ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin films.

关键词： improved ferroelectricity interfacial stress engineering compressive strain HfO_(2)

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Local MFs Matrix Decomposition Algorithms for Elliptic BVPs in Annuli

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NUMErICAL MATHEMATICs-THEOrY METHODs AND APPLICATIONs 2024年第1期17卷 93-120页

作者： chen, C. s. Karageorghis, Andreas Lei, Min Univ southern Mississippi Sch Math & Nat Sci Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA Univ Cyprus Dept Math & Stat POB 20537 CY-1678 Nicosia Cyprus Taiyuan Univ Technol Coll Math Taiyuan 030024 Peoples R China

We apply the local method of fundamental solutions (LMFs) to boundary value problems (BVPs) for the Laplace and homogeneous biharmonic equations in annuli. By appropriately choosing the collocation points, the LMFs discretization yields sparse block circulant system matrices. As a result, matrix decomposition algorithms (MDAs) and fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) can be used for the solution of the systems resulting in considerable savings in both computational time and storage requirements. The accuracy of the method and its ability to solve large scale problems are demonstrated by applying it to several numerical experiments.

关键词： Local method of fundamental solutions Poisson equation biharmonic equation matrix decomposition algorithms fast Fourier transforms BOUNDArY-VALUE-PrOBLEMs FUNDAMENTAL-sOLUTIONs rBF ALGOrITHMs

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Integrated stratigraphy and Mineralogy of the Doushantuo Formation in Weng’an,south China,and Implications for Ediacaran Phosphogenesis

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Journal of Earth science 2024年第2期35卷 476-503页

作者： Liangxuan Jiao Zhenbing she Dominic Papineau Yaguan Zhang Matthew s.Dodd Kenan Cao Qun chen Guoyong chen state Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan430078China school of Earth sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan430047China London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London17-19 Gordon StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK Department of Earth sciences University College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK Centre for Planetary science University College London and Birkbeck CollegeLondonWC1E 7HXUK Innovation Center of Ore resources Exploration Technology in the region of Bedrock Ministry of Natural Resources of People’s Republic of China’Guiyang550000China Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Guiyang550000China

The Ediacaran–Cambrian Phosphogenic Episode is the Earth’s first true phosphogenic event and resulted in worldwide phosphate deposits,which occurred during the processes of the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation *** Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation(ca.635–551 Ma)of Weng’an area in central Guizhou,south China,contains two economic phosphorite beds(the Lower and Upper Phosphorite Beds).This paper presents a detailed stratigraphic,sedimentological and mineralogical study of multiple outcrop and drill core sections of the Doushantuo Formation across the Weng’an area,and identified 11 lithofacies and 4 types of phosphatic *** differences in lithofacies and grain types between the upper and lower phosphate deposits are observed,indicating that the two sets of phosphate deposits are the products of two distinct phosphogenic *** Lower Phosphorite Bed mainly consists of banded and laminated phosphorites,contains micro-oncoids formed by microbially-mediated precipitation and peloids formed by in-situ chemically oscillating reactions,indicating a biochemical and chemical enrichment of phosphorus to sediments during the Early Ediacaran *** Upper Phosphorite Bed is mainly composed of carbonaceous,massive,and stromatolitic phosphorites,contains bioclasts(phosphatized spheroidal fossils),and intraclasts formed by hydrodynamic agitation,suggesting that the major accesses of phosphorus to sediments were the remineralization of organic *** of the two economic phosphorite beds was controlled by two sea-level *** differences have also been documented in contemporaneous phosphate-bearing successions in Brazil and Mangolia,indicating a significant shift in global phosphogenic mechanism during the early and middle Ediacaran,which may be due to the changes in redox conditions in seawater,associated with the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation *** regional active P-cycle processes could produce more free oxygen,which may have contributed to the up

关键词： phosphorite lithofacies phosphatic grains phosphogenic paragenesis phosphorus cycle mineralogy

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The Immense Impact of reverse Edges on Large Hierarchical Networks

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 240-249页

作者： Haosen Cao Bin-Bin Hu Xiaoyu Mo Duxin chen Jianxi Gao Ye Yuan Guanrong chen Tamás Vicsek Xiaohong Guan Hai-Tao Zhang MOE Engineering research Center of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned systems State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China school of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Networked Collective Intelligence School of MathematicsSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Department of Computer science Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Biological Physics Eötvös UniversityBudapest 1117Hungary MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network security School of Automation Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Hierarchical networks are frequently encountered in animal groups,gene networks,and artificial engineering systems such as multiple robots,unmanned vehicle systems,smart grids,wind farm networks,and so *** structure of a large directed hierarchical network is often strongly influenced by reverse edges from lower-to higher-level nodes,such as lagging birds’howl in a flock or the opinions of lowerlevel individuals feeding back to higher-level ones in a social *** study reveals that,for most large-scale real hierarchical networks,the majority of the reverse edges do not affect the synchronization process of the entire network;the synchronization process is influenced only by a small part of these reverse edges along specific *** surprisingly,a single effective reverse edge can slow down the synchronization of a huge hierarchical network by over 60%.The effect of such edges depends not on the network size but only on the average in-degree of the involved *** overwhelming majority of active reverse edges turn out to have some kind of“bunching”effect on the information flows of hierarchical networks,which slows down synchronization *** finding refines the current understanding of the role of reverse edges in many natural,social,and engineering hierarchical networks,which might be beneficial for precisely tuning the synchronization rhythms of these *** study also proposes an effective way to attack a hierarchical network by adding a malicious reverse edge to it and provides some guidance for protecting a network by screening out the specific small proportion of vulnerable nodes.

关键词： synchronizability Large hierarchical networks reverse edges Information flows Complex networks

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Hypoxic and temporal variation in the endocrine disrupting toxicity of perfluorobutanesulfonate in marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma)

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 279-291页

作者： Baili sun Jing Li Yachen Bai Xiangzhen Zhou Paul K.s.Lam Lianguo chen state Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Office of the President Hong Kong Metropolitan University30 Good Shepherd StreetKowloonHong Kong SARChina

Perfluorobutanesulfonate(PFBs)is an emerging pollutant capable of potently disrupting the sex and thyroid endocrine systems of ***,the hypoxic and temporal variation in PFBs endocrine disrupting toxicity remain largely *** the present study,adult marine medaka were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of PFBs(0 and 10μg/L)under normoxia or hypoxia conditions for 7 days,aiming to explore the interactive behavior between PFBs and *** addition,PFBs singular exposure was extended till 21days under normoxia to elucidate the time-course progression in PFBs *** results showed that hypoxia inhibited the growth and caused the suspension of egg spawn regardless of PFBs *** regard to the sex endocrine system,7-day PFBs exposure led to an acute stimulation of transcriptional profiles in females,which,subsequently,recovered after the 21-day *** potency of hypoxia to disturb the sex hormones was much stronger than PFBs.A remarkable increase in estradiol concentration was noted in medaka blood after hypoxia *** in sex endocrinology of coexposed fish were largely determined by hypoxia,which drove the formation of an estrogenic *** further enhanced the endocrine disrupting effects of ***,the hepatic synthesis of vitellogenin and choriogenin,two commonly used sensitive biomarkers of estrogenic activity,failed to initiate in response to the estrogen *** to sex endocrine system,disturbances in thyroidal axis by PFBs or hypoxia were relatively ***,the present findings will advance our toxicological understanding about PFBs pollutant under the interference of hypoxia.

关键词： Perfluorobutanesulfonate(PFBs) Aquatic hypoxia Temporal toxicity Combined exposure Endocrine disruption Marine medaka

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Planning Model for Energy routers Considering Peer-to-Peer Energy Transactions Among Multiple Distribution Networks

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CsEE Journal of Power and Energy systems 2024年第3期10卷 1026-1043页

作者： Meifu chen Mingchao Xia Qifang chen school of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China IEEE

A high proportion of renewable energy affects the power quality of distribution networks,and surplus energy will be sold to the upstream grid at a low *** this paper,considering peer-to-peer energy transactions,the energy router-based multiple distribution networks are analyzed to solve the above problems and realize collaborative consumption of renewable ***,the investing cost of an energy router is high,and research on the economic operation of energy routers in distribution networks is ***,this paper establishes a planning model for energy routers considering peer-to-peer energy transactions among distribution networks,and explores the benefits of peer-to-peer energy transactions through energy router based multiple distribution networks.A structure of an energy router suitable for peer-to-peer energy transactions is selected,and a power flow calculation model based on a multilayer structure is *** energy router’s scheduling model is established,and unique functions of the energy router and revenue of each distribution network are considered.A power flow calculation model based on peer-to-peer interconnection of multiple distribution networks through energy routers is also ***,simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed planning *** show that peer-topeer energy transaction among distribution networks through energy routers can effectively reduce the comprehensive cost of distribution networks,significantly improve the power quality of the distribution networks,and reduce the impact of power fluctuation on the upstream grid incurred by the distribution network.

关键词： Capacity allocation energy router multiple distribution networks peer-to-peer energy transaction power flow optimization

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Atomically Dispersed ruthenium Catalysts with Open Hollow structure for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 154-164页

作者： Xin chen Yu Zhang Chang chen Huinan Li Yuran Lin Ke Yu Caiyun Nan chen chen Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute of Solid State ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Engineering research Center of Advanced rare Earth Materials Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and storage Materials Institution College of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875People’s Republic of China

Lithium–oxygen battery with ultrahigh theoretical energy density is considered a highly competitive next-generation energy storage device,but its practical application is severely hindered by issues such as difficult decomposition of discharge products at ***,we have developed N-doped carbon anchored atomically dispersed ru sites cathode catalyst with open hollow structure(h-ruNC)for Lithium–oxygen *** one hand,the abundance of atomically dispersed ru sites can effectively catalyze the formation and decomposition of discharge products,thereby greatly enhancing the redox *** the other hand,the open hollow structure not only enhances the mass activity of atomically dispersed ru sites but also improves the diffusion efficiency of catalytic ***,the excellent activity from atomically dispersed ru sites and the enhanced diffusion from open hollow structure respectively improve the redox kinetics and cycling stability,ultimately achieving a high-performance lithium–oxygen battery.

关键词： Atomically dispersed Open hollow structure Discharge product Lithium Oxygen battery

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Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Friction stir Welded Al-Cu-Li Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2024年第5期37卷 855-871页

作者： Peng chen Wenhao chen Jiaxin chen Zhiyu chen Yang Tang Ge Liu Bensheng Huang Zhiqing Zhang school of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China sichuan Provincial Engineering research Center of Advanced Materials Manufacturing Technology for shale Gas High-Efficient Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China College of Materials science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China school of Mechatronic Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China school of robot Engineering Yangtze Normal UniversityChongqing 408100China

The investigation concentrates on friction stir welded(FsW)Al-Cu-Li alloy concerning its local microstructural evolution and mechanical *** grain features were characterized by electron back scattered diffraction(EBsD)technology,while precipitate characterization was conducted by using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)aligned along[011]Al and[001]Al zone *** mechanical properties are evaluated through micro-hardness and tensile *** can be found that nugget zones exhibit finely equiaxed grains evolved through complete dynamic recrystallization(DrX),primarily occurring in continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDrX)and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDrX).In the thermal-mechanically affected zone(TMAZ),numerous sub-structured grains,exhibiting an elongated morphology,were created due to partial DrX,signifying the dominance of CDrX,DDrX,and geometric dynamic recrystallization(GDrX)in this region.T_(1)completely dissolves in the nugget zone(NZ)leading to the formation of Guinier-Preston zones and increase ofδ′,β′and s′.Conversely,T_(1)partially solubilizes in TMAZ,the lowest hardness zone(LHZ)and heat affected zone(HAZ),and the residual T_(1)undergoes marked coarsening,revealing various T_(1)*** solubilization and coarsening of T_(1)are primary contributors to the degradation of hardness and strength.θ′primarily dissolves and coarsens in NZ and TMAZ,whilst this precipitate largely coarsens in HAZ and LHZ.σ,TB,grain boundary phases(GBPs)and precipitate-free zone(PFZ)are newly generated during FsW.σexists in the TMAZ,LHZ and HAZ,whereas TB nucleates in *** and PFZ mostly develop in LHZ and HAZ,which can cause strain localization during tensile deformation,potentially leading to LHZ joint fracture.

关键词： Al-Cu-Li alloy Friction stir welding Microstructure evolution Mechanical properties

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