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Probing the degradation of pharmaceuticals in urine using MFC and studying their removal efficiency by UPLC-MS/MS

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第3期11卷 320-329页

作者： Priya Sharma Devendra Kumar srikanth Mutnuri Applied Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory Birla Institute of Technology&Science(BITS)Pilani403726ZuarinagarIndia Central Sophisticated Instrumentation Facility Birla Institute of Technology&Science(BITS)Pilani403726ZuarinagarIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198-602USA

Nutrient recovery from source-separated human urine has attracted interest as it is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus that can be utilized as ***,urine also contains pharmaceuticals,steroid hormones,*** their removal is crucial as they have detrimental effects on the environment and human *** current study focuses on investigating the degradation of pharmaceuticals using a double-chamber microbial fuel cell(MFC).Urine was spiked with four pharmaceuticals(trimethoprim,lamivudine,levofloxacin,and estrone)at a concentration of 2 mg/*** MFC was operated for 7 months in batch mode with this spiked urine as *** degradation efficiency of the MFC was studied,for which a selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometric method was developed for the quantitation of compounds used in the spiking experiments and was validated with a lower limit of quantification of 0.39 ng/*** maximum removal rate achieved was 96%±2%.The degradation mechanism involved processes like sorption and anoxic *** voltage curve obtained showed that the presence of pharmaceuticals had an initial negative impact on power generation along with increased organic content;however,after the reactor acclimatization,increased power output was achieved with maximum organics removal at 30 h of retention *** work opens a new perspective for the anoxic biodegradation of pharmaceuticals and can be useful in future bioremediation studies.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals Urine MFC Biodegradation Liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.r.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.r.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by robertson and río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus rNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Microstructure and mechanical properties of welds of AZ31B magnesium alloy produced by different gas tungsten arc welding variants

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第2期44卷 98-110页

作者： S.Srinivasan r.ravi Bharath A.Atrens P.Bala Srinivasan School of Mechanical Engineering SASTRA Deemed to be UniversityThanjavur 613401India Welding research Institute Bharat Heavy Electricals LimitedTiruchirappalli 620014India School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing(AMPAM)University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia High Energy Batteries(India)Limited MathurTiruchirappalli 622515India

This work aimed to(i)understand conventional and pulse gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW)of AZ31B,and(ii)explore high frequency welding(100 Hz-1500 Hz).GTA welding with alternating current(AC)and direct current electrode positive(DCEP)polarities yielded crack-free partial penetration welds for6 mm thick AZ31B alloy *** under direct current electrode negative(DCEN)polarity with identical parameters as that for AC and DCEP resulted in full penetration welds that had ***-free full-penetration welds could be accomplished with pulse GTA welding using DCEN polarity at a pulse frequency of 1 Hz with a pulse duration ratio of 1:*** resultant DCEN P 1:1 weld metal had a microstructure finer than the conventional DCEN *** produced with pulse duration ratios of 1:2and 1:4 lacked penetration but had a much finer microstructures because of the lower heat *** arc constriction by the high frequency pulsing in the Activ Arc■-High frequency(AA-HF)mode welding was responsible for deeper *** produced under DCEN pulsing and AA-HF conditions had hardness higher than conventional DCEN,DCEP and AC GTA welds,attributed to the finer ***-HF GTA welding produced defect free deeper penetration welds with good microstructural features/mechanical properties and also gave an advantage of 50%enhanced productivity when welded at1500 Hz.

关键词： AZ31B alloy Pulse GTAW High frequency Microstructure Mechanical properties Productivity

Effect of electroacupuncture on pain after periodontal flap surgery:a randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2025年第1期45卷 184-191页

作者： Emre Bulut Didem ?zkal Emino?lu Yasemin ?ay?r Department of Periodontology Faculty of DentistryAtatürk University Department of Family Medicine Faculty of MedicineAtatürk University

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) application on postoperative pain levels and the amount of analgesic use in patients who underwent periodontal flap surgery. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized and controlled study, patients planned for periodontal surgery were divided into two groups [EA group(n = 22): patients who received electroacupuncture and control group(n = 22): patients who did not receive electroacupuncture]. Electroacupuncture was applied bilaterally to the Hegu(LI4), Daying(ST5), and Jiache(ST5) points of the patients in the EA group immediately before and after the flap surgery for 30 min at a frequency of 50 Hz to each point at a current that the patient could tolerate. The patients in the control group underwent flap surgery without applying electroacupuncture. Patients were asked to record their pain levels on the visual analog scale and the number of analgesic tablets they took during the 7 postoperative days on the given form. rESULTS: The total mean score of pain felt in the EA group(16.60 ± 2.78) was found to be significantly lower than that in the control group(31.37 ± 2.78)(P = 0.001). No significant difference was found between the groups regarding the amount of analgesics taken(4.77 ± 4.72, 5.82 ± 3.11)(P = 0.111). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that electroacupuncture application is beneficial in reducing pain after periodontal flap surgery. Overall, more research is needed to fully understand the effects of electroacupuncture on postoperative pain.

关键词： analgesics electroacupuncture pain, postoperative periodontitis randomized controlled trial

Spastin and alsin protein interactome analyses begin to reveal key canonical pathways and suggest novel druggable targets

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 725-739页

作者： Benjamin r.Helmold Angela Ahrens Zachary Fitzgerald P.Hande Ozdinler Department of Neurology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Center for Developmental TherapeuticsChemistry of Life Processes InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Feinberg School of Medicine Les Turner ALS Center at Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA

Developing effective and long-term treatment strategies for rare and complex neurodegenerative diseases is challenging. One of the major roadblocks is the extensive heterogeneity among patients. This hinders understanding the underlying disease-causing mechanisms and building solutions that have implications for a broad spectrum of patients. One potential solution is to develop personalized medicine approaches based on strategies that target the most prevalent cellular events that are perturbed in patients. Especially in patients with a known genetic mutation, it may be possible to understand how these mutations contribute to problems that lead to neurodegeneration. Protein–protein interaction analyses offer great advantages for revealing how proteins interact, which cellular events are primarily involved in these interactions, and how they become affected when key genes are mutated in patients. This line of investigation also suggests novel druggable targets for patients with different mutations. Here, we focus on alsin and spastin, two proteins that are identified as “causative” for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia, respectively, when mutated. Our review analyzes the protein interactome for alsin and spastin, the canonical pathways that are primarily important for each protein domain, as well as compounds that are either Food and Drug Administration–approved or are in active clinical trials concerning the affected cellular pathways. This line of research begins to pave the way for personalized medicine approaches that are desperately needed for rare neurodegenerative diseases that are complex and heterogeneous.

关键词： ALS2 alsin amyotrophic lateral sclerosis hereditary spastic paraplegia neurodegenerative diseases personalized medicine precision medicine protein interactome protein-protein interactions SPAST spastin

Coarse to Fine: The role of Severe Plastic Deformation in Advancing Titanium-Based Medical Implants - A Comprehensive review

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 295-306页

作者： Dragana r Mihajlović Bojan I Međo Ivana Lj Cvijović-Alagić Veljko r Djokić Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of BelgradeKarnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sci-ences-National Institute of the republic of Serbia University of Belgrade11001BeogradSerbia Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia

This paper describes severe plastic deformation(SPD)procedures,which are utilized to form an ultrafine-grained structure in metallic *** the SPD process,a solid material sample is subjected to very high loads without a significant change in sample *** the present work,the high-pressure torsion(HPT)process,as one of the SPD techniques,which achieves a high degree of deformation and ensures refinement of the microstructure,will be discussed in more *** that grain size control is accepted as a method to obtain materials with desired characteristics,an overview of the properties of ultrafine-grained titanium-based biomaterials to be used in medicine is ***,particular attention is dedicated to the influences of HPT process parameters,primarily hydrostatic pressure,and number of revolutions during torsion,on the grain size and physical and mechanical characteristics(modulus of elasticity,microhardness,and tensile properties),corrosion resistance,and biocompatibility of the titanium-based biomaterials.A review of the literature indicates that titanium-based materials obtained by the SPD process show improved mechanical and physical properties without losing biocompatibility and corrosion resistance,which suggests that these methods of obtaining implants are something that should be further developed in the future.

关键词： high-pressure torsion process ultrafine-grained titanium-based materials electrochemical anodization physical properties mechanical properties

ENSO-induced Latitudinal Variation of the Subtropical Jet Modulates Extreme Winter Precipitation over the Western Himalaya

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第3期42卷 427-437页

作者： Priya BHArATI Pranab DEB Kieran M.r.HUNT Andrew Orr Mihir Kumar DASH Centre for Ocean RiverAtmosphere and Land Sciences(CORAL)Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur 721302India Department of Meteorology University of ReadingReadingRG66ETUK National Centre for Atmospheric Science University of ReadingRG66ETUK British Antarctic Survey CambridgeCB30ETUK

In this study,we investigate the complex relationship between western disturbances(WDs),the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),and extreme precipitation events(EPEs) in the western Himalaya(WH) during the extended winter season(November–March).WDs west of WH coincide with 97% of recorded EPEs,contributing substantially(32% in winter,11% annually) to total precipitation within *** are 6% less frequent and 4% more intense during El Ni?o than La Ni?a to the west of *** El Ni?o(compared to La Ni?a) years,WDs co-occurring with EPEs are significantly more intense and associated with 17% higher moisture transport over “WH box”(the selected region where most of the winter precipitation over WH occurs).This results in twice the EPE frequency during El Ni?o periods than La Ni?a periods.A substantial southward shift(~180 km) of the subtropical jet(STJ) axis during El Ni?o brings WD tracks further south towards their primary moisture sources,especially the Arabian *** have shown that WDs that are both more intense and pass to the south of their typical latitudes have higher levels of vertically integrated moisture flux(VIMF)within *** convergence in the most intense pentile of WDs is 5.7 times higher than in the weakest,and is 3.4 times higher in the second lowest latitude pentile than in the ***,this study demonstrates a direct link between changes in the latitudinal position and intensity of WDs associated with the winter STJ,and moisture convergence,which leads to the occurrence of EPEs over WH during ENSO phases.

关键词： western Himalaya extreme precipitation western disturbances ENSO moisture flux winter

Honeycomb-spiderweb-inspired self-similar hybrid cellular structures for impact applications

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第1期43卷 182-200页

作者： K.Tewari M.K.Pandit M.M.Mahapatra P.r.Budarapu School of Mechanical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology BhubaneswarBhubaneswar752050India

Inspired by nature's self-similar designs,novel honeycomb-spiderweb based self-similar hybrid cellular structures are proposed here for efficient energy absorption in impact *** energy absorption is enhanced by optimizing the geometry and topology for a given *** proposed hybrid cellular structure is arrived after a thorough analysis of topologically enhanced self-similar *** optimized cell designs are rigorously tested considering dynamic loads involving crush and high-velocity bullet ***,the influence of thickness,radial connectivity,and order of patterning at the unit cell level are also *** maximum crushing efficiency attained is found to be more than 95%,which is significantly higher than most existing traditional *** on,the first and second-order hierarchical self-similar unit cell designs developed during crush analysis are used to prepare the cores for sandwich *** tests are performed on the developed sandwich structures using the standard 9-mm *** influence of multistaging on impact resistance is also investigated by maintaining a constant total thickness and mass of the sandwich ***,in order to avoid layer-wise weak zones and hence,attain a uniform out-of-plane impact strength,off-setting the designs in each stage is *** sandwich structures with first and second-order self-similar hybrid cores are observed to withstand impact velocities as high as 170 m/s and 270 m/s,respectively.

关键词： Sandwich structures Honeycomb-spider web inspired Self-similar hierarchy Crush analysis High-velocity impact Strong and weak zones Multistaging

Effect of organo-modified montmorillonite nanoclay on mechanical,thermal and ablation behavior of carbon fiber/phenolic resin composites

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第3期17卷 812-820页

作者： Golla rama rao Ivautri srikanth K.Laxma reddy Advanced Systems Laboratory DRDOHyderabadIndia National Institute of Technology WarangalIndia

The mechanical,thermal and ablation properties of carbon phenolic(C-Ph)composites(Type-I)reinforced with different weight percentages of organo-modified montmorillonite(o-MMT)nanoclay have been studied *** milling was used to disperse different weight(wt)percentages(0,1,2,4,6 wt.%)of nanoclay into phenolic *** changes to resin due to nanoclay was *** the other hand,nanoclay added phenolic matrix composites(Type-II)were prepared to study the dispersion of nanoclay in phenolic matrix by small angle X-ray scattering and thermal stability changes to the matrix by thermogravimetric analyser(TGA).This data was used to understand the mechanical,thermal and ablation properties of Type-I *** laminar shear strength(ILSS),flexural strength and flexural modulus of Type I composites increased by about 29%,12%and 7%respectively at2 wt.%addition of nanoclay beyond which these properties *** was attributed to reduced fiber volume fraction(%Vf)of Type-I composites due to nanoclay addition at such high *** ablation rate of Type-I composites was evaluated using oxy acetylene torch test at low heat flux(125 W/cm^(2))and high heat flux levels(500 W/cm^(2)).Mass ablation rates have increased at both flux levels marginally up to 2 wt.%addition of nanoclay beyond which it has increased *** is in contrast to increased thermal stability observed for Type-I and Type-II composites up to 2 wt.%addition of *** ablation rates due to nanoclay addition was attributed to higher insulation efficiency of nanolcay,which accumulates more heat energy in limited area behind the ablation front and self-propagating ablation mechanisms triggered by thermal decomposition of organic part of nanoclay.

关键词： Carbon/phenolic Nanoclay Mechanical properties Thermal stability Ablation rate