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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 421-429页

作者： rüdiger riesch Luis r.Arriaga Ingo Schlupp Department of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 OEXUK CEFE CNRSUnivMontpellierEPHEIRDMontpellierFrance Department of Biology University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA

Evaluating the fitness of hybrids can provide important insights into genetic differences between species or diverging *** focused on surface-and cave-ecotypes of the widespread Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana and raised F1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses to sexual maturity in a common-garden *** were reared in a fully factorial 2 x 2 design consisting of lighting(light ***)and resource availability(high *** food).We quantified survival,ability to realize their full reproductive potential(i.e.,completed maturation for males and 3 consecutive births for females)and essential life-history *** to the performance of pure cave and surface fish from a previous experiment,F1s had the highest death rate and the lowest proportion of fish that reached their full reproductive *** also uncovered an intriguing pattern of sex-specific phenotype expression,because male hybrids expressed cave molly life histories,while female hybrids expressed surface molly life *** results provide evidence for strong selection against hybrids in the cave molly system,but also sug-gest a complex pattern of sex-specific(opposing)dominance,with certain surface molly genes being dominant in female hybrids and certain cavemollygenes beingdominant in malehybrids.

关键词： dominance life-history evolution local adaptation postzygotic isolation selection against hybrids.

Speciation by selection： A framework for understanding ecology＇s role in speciation

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 31-52页

作者： r. Brian LANGErHANS rtidiger riesch Department of Biology and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC27695-7617 USA

Speciation research during the last several decades has confirmed that natural selection frequently drives the genera- tion of new species. But how does this process generally unfold in nature？ We argue that answering this question requires a clearer conceptual framework for understanding selection＇s role in speciation. We present a unified framework of speciation, pro- viding mechanistic descriptions of fundamentally distinct routes to speciation, and how these may interact during lineage splitting Two major categories are recognized： reproductive isolation resulting from （1） responses to selection, ＂speciation by selection,＂ or （2） non-selective processes, ＂speciation without selection.＂ Speciation by selection can occur via three mechanisms：（1） similar selection, （2） divergent selection, and （3） reinforcement selection. Understanding ecology＇s role in speciation requires uncovering how these three mechanisms contribute to reproductive isolation, and their relative importance compared to non-selective proce- sses, because all three mechanisms can occur side-by-side during speciation. To accomplish this, we highlight examination of groups of organisms inhabiting replicated environmental gradients. This scenario is common in nature, and a large literature illus- trates that both parallel and non-parallel responses to similar environments are widespread, and each can result in speciation. This recognition reveals four general pathways of speciation by similar or divergent selection--parallel and nonparallel responses to similar and divergent selection. Altogether, we present a more precise framework for speciation research, draw attention to some under-recognized features of speciation, emphasize the multidimensionality of speciation, reveal limitations of some previous tests and descriptions of speciation mechanisms, and point to a number of directions for future investigation [Current Zoology 59 （1）： 31-52, 2013].

关键词： Speciation Ecological speciation Mutation order reinforcement One-allele mechanism reproductive isolation

reproductive biology of Gazella arabica: Predictors of offspring weight and short- and long-term offspring survival

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 643-653页

作者： ryan A.Martin rudiger riesch Martin Plath Naif A.Al Hanoosh Torsten Wronski Department of Biology DeGrace HallCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Sciences Centre for EcologyEvolution and BehaviourRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamSurreyUK CEFE CNRSUniv MontpellierEPHEIRDMontpellierFrance College of Nursing of ribeirao Preto University of Sao PauloAvenida Bandeirantes 390014040-902Brazil National Center for Wildlife King Khalid Wildlife Research CenterThumamahKingdom of Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK

reproductive traits are central to organismal fitness,and so the factors influencing patterns of reproduction and offspring survival are at the heart of *** use of breeding data collected over 16 years at the King Khalid Wildlife research Centre in Saudi Arabia,we investigated the reproductive biology of Arabian gazelles Gazella *** survival was mainly a function of birth weight,with heavier offspring having higher survival rates than lighter ***,while sons were heavier than daughters,daughters had higher survival *** could not find evidence that giving birth to sons negatively impacts offspring weight in the following *** uncovered large narrow-sense heritability(h2)in offspring weight at birth,while maternal effects(m2)on birth weight were of lesser ***,maternal effects on offspring survival were strong until weaning age,while paternal effects dominated survival to sexual maturity and first *** propose that variation in maternal postnatal care might overshadow the effects of maternal inheritance of birth weights,while the overall strong heritability of weight at birth and the paternal effects on survival llustrates strong variance in sire fitness based on genetic quality,suggesting a role for sexual selectionbyfemalemate choiceinwildpopulations.

关键词： Arabian gazelles heritability life-history evolution offspring mortality sex differences ungulates

Ecology and evolution along environmenta gradients

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 193-196页

作者： rudiger riesch Martin PLATH David BIErBACH School of Biological Sciences Centre for Ecology Evolution and Behaviour Royal Holloway University of London Egham Surrey TW20 0EX UK College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes Leibniz-lnstitute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Muggelseedamm 310 Berlin D-12587 Germany

Life isn＇t black and white. It＇s a million gray areas, don＇t you find？ -Sir ridley Scott- In natural systems, few （if any） environmental factors are truly ＂bin- ary＂（or black and white）. This applies to both abiotic factors （e.g., temperature regimes along gradients of altitude, latitude, or longitude）, biotic factors （e.g., gradual variation of predation risk along stream gradients）, or the impacts entire sets of correlated ecological factors （i.e., multifarious selection） impose onto organisms （e.g., Kraft et al. 2011; Brown 2014; Egea-Serrano et al. 2014; Deacon et al. 2018）. The latter occurs when species inhabit starkly different habitat types like forest versus dune habitats （e.g., Epipactis helle- borine orchids： Jacquemyn et al. 2018） or lakes versus rivers （e.g.,

关键词：生态学坡度进化自然系统环境因素有机体牛皮纸生活

Ultrafast response of harmonic modelocked THz lasers

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1530-1537页

作者： Feihu Wang Valentino Pistore Michael riesch Hanond Nong Pierre-Baptiste Vigneron raffaele Colombelli Olivier Parillaud Juliette Mangeney Jerome Tignon Christian Jirauschek Sukhdeep S.Dhillon Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Superieure ENSUniversite PSLCNRSSorbonne UniversiteUniversite de ParisParisFrance Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical University of MunichArcisstr.2180333 MunichGermany Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies CNRSUniv.Paris-SudUniversite Paris-SaclayC2N-Orsay91405 OrsayCedexFrance Ⅲ-ⅤLab 1 avenue Augustin Fresnel91767 PalaiseauFrance

The use of fundamental modelocking to generate short terahertz(THz)pulses and THz frequency combs from semiconductor lasers has become a routine affair,using quantum cascade lasers(QCLs)as a gain ***,unlike classic laser diodes,no demonstrations of harmonic modelocking,active or passive,have been shown in THz QCLs,where multiple pulses per round trip are generated when the laser is modulated at the harmonics of the cavity’s fundamental round-trip ***,using time-resolved THz techniques,we show for the first time harmonic injection and mode-locking in which THz QCLs are modulated at the harmonics of the round-trip *** demonstrate the generation of the harmonic electrical beatnote within a QCL,its injection locking to an active modulation and its direct translation to harmonic pulse generation using the unique ultrafast nature of our ***,we show indications of self-starting harmonic emission,i.e.,without external modulation,where the QCL operates exclusively on a harmonic(up to its 15th harmonic)of the round-trip *** behaviour is supported by time-resolved simulations of induced gain and loss in the system and shows the importance of the electronic,as well as photonic,nature of *** results open up the prospect of passive harmonic modelocking and THz pulse generation,as well as the generation of low-noise microwave generation in the hundreds of GHz region.

关键词： passive harmonic harmonics

Frequency response,of a micromachined doubly-clamped vibrating beam for the measurement of liquid properties

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Frequency response,of a micromachined doubly-clamped vibrati...