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Alkaline earth metal-based minerals/wastes-catalyzed pyrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate)for benzenes-enriched oil production

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 269-282页

作者： Kai Sun Zhenyu Lin Qunxing Huang College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co. Ltd.Hangzhou310021China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

The pyrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)/poly(butylene terephthalate)(PBT)catalyzed by five alkaline earth metal-based minerals/wastes,namely calcined dolomite,calcite,magnesite,calcium carbide slag(CCS),and ophicalcitum,was conducted by a pyrolyzer-gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(Py-GC-MS)with the objective of recovering benzenes-enriched oil.Compared with magnesium-based catalysts and pure CaO,the calcium-based catalysts with calcium hydroxide as the main component performed better catalytic effect,which could simultaneously promote the hydrolysis of ester products and the decarboxylation of aromatic acids after hydrolysis.For PET,the addition of solid base catalysts at 600℃promoted the complete degradation of aromatic acids and aryl esters,which accounted for 32.6%and 30.7%of the pyrolysis oil,respectively.The content of benzene in oil increased from 8.8%to 31.7%–78.8%.For PBT,the addition of solid base catalysts at 600℃completely decomposed the aromatic acids,which accounted for 67.1%of the pyrolysis oil,and the content of benzene in oil increased from 12.3%to 34.5%–81.0%.During the deoxygenation of polyester pyrolysis products,increasing temperature was more effective for the decomposition/conversion of acetone and tetrahydrofuran,while increasing the alkalinity of the reaction environment contributed to the rapid decrease in acetaldehyde and aryl ketone contents.

关键词： Pyrolysis Benzene Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Poly(butylene terephthalate) Decarboxylation Py-GC-MS

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Low-carbon stabilization/solidification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2022年第2期4卷 69-74页

作者： Chen Sun Lei Wang Xiaoqing Lin Shengyong Lu Qunxing Huang Jianhua Yan State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

Municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash(FA)is classified as hazardous waste,which requires additional treatment before disposal or further utilization.Stabilization/solidification(S/S)is regarded as a low-cost and high-efficient method for MSWI FA treatment.“Low-carbon S/S”has captured extensive interest in recent years,which could treat hazardous wastes and enable resource recycling in a sustainable way.This article introduced the state-of-art low-carbon S/S strategies for MSWI FA treatment.The immobilization mechanisms of pollutants in various matrices were also discussed.Prospects were raised to foster the actualization of sustainable management of MSWI FA.

关键词： Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash Stabilization Solidification Potential toxic elements Hazardous waste treatment Green and sustainable remediation Carbon neutrality

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Atomization characteristics of pyrolysis oil derived from waste tires

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 39-52页

作者： Hong Feng Zhitong Yin Qin Hong Yiming Hu Lintao Liu Jun Wang Qunxing Huang Yonggang Zhou ZJMI Environmental Energy Co. LtdHangzhou310003China Tongxiang Taiaisi Environmental Protection Energy Co. Ltd.Jiaxing314500China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Carbon Neutrality of Zhejiang Province Jiaxing Research InstituteZhejiang UniversityJiaxing314031China

The atomization characteristics play a key role in the highly efficient combustion of pyrolysis oil derived from waste tires.In this study,the fuel properties of tire pyrolysis oil(TPO)were initially studied,and then a high-speed camera and a phase Doppler particle analyzer were employed to characterize the atomization feature of TPO.The influence of pressure and nozzle orifice diameter on atomization characteristics such as spray angle,droplet velocity,and droplet size distribution was investigated.The results showed that TPO had a high calorific value of about 43.6 MJ/kg and a low viscosity of 3.84×10^(–6)m^(2)/s at 40℃,which made it have the potential to be used as an alternative fuel.Higher pressure expanded the spray angle and extended the spray in both the axial and radial directions.With increasing pressure,spray angle and droplet velocity raised,and the increase in crushing effect of air reduced the Sauter mean diameter(SMD)of the droplets.To obtain proper atomization quality for combustion,the pressure is expected to be higher than 1.25 MPa.With increasing nozzle orifice diameter,droplet velocity increased,and the SMD of the droplets increased as well due to weakened crushing effect of the orifice.Therefore,the pressure must be increased to maintain the atomization quality when using a nozzle with a larger orifice.Due to the lower viscosity,the velocity and particle size distribution of TPO droplets after atomization were smaller than those of diesel droplets.The extremely small carbon black contained in TPO also contributed to the breaking of droplets and played a certain role in the size reduction of the oil droplets,but it may cause the risk of nozzle blockage.In summary,TPO showed great atomization characteristics for alternative fuel applications.

关键词： Pyrolysis oil Atomization characteristics Spray angle Droplet velocity Droplet size distribution

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第2期2卷 81-84页

作者： Yufeng Ma Xiaoqing Lin Angjian Wu Qunxing Huang Xiaodong Li Jianhua Yan State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

During the period of COVID-19,the medical waste disposal capacity is seriously inadequate.The main technical process of the municipal solid waste incineration system is the same as that of the medical waste incineration system.Under the conditions of optimizing the technological process,improving the supporting facilities,and controlling the co-processing ratio,the municipal solid waste incinerator(grate furnace)co-processing medical waste is feasible.Some suggested guidelines for emergency treatment of medical waste from COVID-19 have been provided by China.

关键词： Medical waste COVID-19 Emergency treatment

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Energy recovery in China from solid wastes by the moving grate and circulating fluidized bed technologies

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第1期2卷 27-36页

作者： A.C.Bourtsalas Qunxing Huang Hanwei Zhang Nickolas J.Themelis Earth Engineering Centre Columbia UniversityNew YorkUSA Zhejiang University HangzhouChina SUS Environment ShanghaiChina

In recent years,the Chinese waste-to-energy(WTE)industry is growing at the rate of about thirty new plants each year.The municipal solid waste(MSW)fuel has a low heating value of 4-7 MJ/kg,in comparison to about 11 MJ/kg in U.S.and 8-11 MJ/kg in EU.Combustion of the low heating value fuel on a moving grate(MG),the dominant combustion technology worldwide,is difficult to control and measures have to be taken to remove some moisture prior to combustion.For this and other reasons,an alternative technology,the circulating fluid bed(CFB)has been implemented in China.This paper is a comparative study of the two technologies and was carried out by Columbia University and two senior engineers,representing the MG and CFB technologies of China.Data were derived from industrial operating plants and from the literature.The fuel to MG furnaces is as-received MSW,while the MSW to CFB reactors is pre-shredded using high-torque low-speed shredders.The availability of MG plants,over a 1-year period,is 90%+,while that of CFB facilities is 80%+.Also,the in-plant electricity consumption of MG plants is slightly lower than the consumption of CFB plants.The MG furnace is less compact,than that of a CFB combustion chamber,with a heat flux range from 0.5 to 0.6 MW/m^(2) of grate surface area,while that of CFB furnace was about 1.7 MW/m^(2) of furnace cross-section.The bottom ash in a MG process is typically wet-discharged and the recovery of metals is less efficient.A drawback of the CFB process is that the fly ash generated is 5-10%of the weight of MSW combusted,as compared to 1-3%for moving grate plants in China.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Waste-to-energy WTE Circulating fluidized bed Moving grate Heat flux Plant availability

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Review on fate of chlorine during thermal processing of solid wastes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 13-28页

作者： Peng Lu Qunxing Huang A.C.(Thanos) Bourtsalas Nickolas J.Themelis Yong Chi Jianhua Yan State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University Earth Engineering Center Columbia University

Chlorine(Cl) is extensively present in solid wastes, causing significant problems during the thermal conversion of waste to energy or fuels, by combustion, gasification or pyrolysis.This paper introduces the analytical methods for determining the Cl content in solid materials and presents the concentrations of Cl in various types of wastes, as reported in literature. Then, it provides a comprehensive analysis on the Cl emission behavior and Cl species formed during the thermal processing of the inorganic and organic Cl sources. The challenges resulted from the reactions between the formed Cl species and the ferrous metals, the heavy metals and the organic matters are summarized and discussed, e.g., high temperature corrosion, heavy metal evaporation and dioxin formation. The quality degradation of products(oil, char and syngas) by Cl is analyzed. Finally, the available controlling methods of Cl emission, including pre-treatment(water washing, sorting,microwave irradiation and stepwise pyrolysis) and in-furnace(absorbents, co-treatment and catalysts) methods are assessed.

关键词： Chlorine Solid wastes Thermal processing Emission Controlling methods

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Effect of industrial microwave irradiation on the physicochemical properties and pyrolysis characteristics of lignite

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第5期26卷 1171-1178页

作者： Guoshun Zhou Qunxing Huang Ben Yu Hui Tong Yong Chi Jianhua Yan State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Everbright Environmental Research Institute (Nanjing) Limited Nanjing 211100 China Kunshan Jiuhua Electronic Equipment Factory Suzhou 215300 China

The surface functional groups and pyrolysis characteristics of lignite irradiated by microwave were comparatively studied to evaluate the feasibility of using industrial 915 MHz for lignite drying. The drying kinetics, micro structure, chemical functional groups, re-adsorption properties, and pyrolysis characteristics of the dried coal were respectively analyzed. Results indicated that for typical Chinese lignite studied in this paper, 915 MHz microwave drying was 7.8 times faster than that of the hot air drying. After industrial microwave drying, the sample possessed much higher total specific surface area and specific pore volume than that of air dried sample. The oxygen functional groups and re-adsorption ratio of microwave irradiated coal decreased, showing weakened hydrophilicity. Moreover, during the pyrolysis of the coal dried by hot air and microwave, the yield of tar largely increased from 1.3% to 8.5% and the gas production increased correspondingly. The composition of the tar was also furtherly analyzed, results indicated that Miscellaneous hydrocarbons(HCs) were the main component of the tar, and microwave irradiation can reduce the fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) from 26.4% to 22.7%.

关键词：热分解特征吸附性质物理化学褐煤微波工业热空气主要部件

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A review of phosphorus recovery from different thermal treatment products of sewage sludge

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2019年第2期1卷 99-115页

作者： Xiangdong Meng Qunxing Huang Jie Xu Huaping Gao Jianhua Yan State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power EngineeringZhejiang University38 Zheda RoadHangzhou 310027China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China

Phosphorus(P)is an indispensable element of living organisms and plays an irreplaceable role in the growth of crops.As a non-renewable element,the reserves of phosphorus rock,the primary source of phosphorus in nature,are facing the danger of exhaustion.As a phosphorus-rich solid waste,sewage sludge has gradually become a main renewable phosphorus resource.The combination of effective recycling of phosphorus and innocuous disposal of sewage sludge can not only alleviate the crisis of phosphate rock resources shortage but also reduce the environmental hazards of sewage sludge.This study reviewed the application of thermal treatment in sewage sludge disposal.Besides the advantages of reducing waste volume,decom-posing organic pollutants,generating valuable byproducts,it can also significantly promote the recycling of phosphorus.Studies have shown that thermal treatment(incineration,pyrolysis,and hydrothermal)can enrich phosphorus in the products and transform the speciation of phosphorus to increase the bioavailability.The physical and chemical properties of different thermal treatment products and the speciation of phosphorus are different.The transformation and migration of phosphorus affect the efficiency of subsequent phosphorus recovery and reuse.At the same time,this study compared several general phosphorus recovery methods(wet extraction,thermochemical,and electrochemical methods),and further summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and application conditions.This review summarizes recent advances in phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge,identifies challenges and knowledge gaps,and provides the foundation for future research aimed at achieving efficient,economic,and eco-friendly reclamation of phosphorus in sewage sludge.

关键词： Sewage sludge Thermal treatment Phosphorus recovery

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In-situ sampling investigation of deposition and corrosion of convective heating surfaces in a grate type municipal solid waste incineration plant:a case study

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2021年第4期3卷 299-308页

作者： Xiaobo Liu Qian Chen Ling Long Xiangfei Meng Guojun Lv Qunxing Huang Xuguang Jiang State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310027China Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center LinanHangzhouZhejiangChina

Metal corrosion and ash deposition are two common issues in municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)plants.An in-situ sampling investigation was conducted in an MSWI plant in Jiangsu,China.The deposit samples were collected from 6 convective heating surfaces including the reheaters,superheaters,and economizer.The corrosion samples were obtained from a ruptured tube cut from the tertiary superheater.The element composition,crystal phases,and morphology of deposit and corrosion samples were characterized and analyzed.The results show that S contents of these deposits are 32-45 wt%,considerable Cl(10.63 wt%)was only detected in the deposits of the tertiary superheater.The composition of the deposits varies with the location because the flue gas temperature determines the thermodynamic trend of the sulfation reactions of different chlorides and the SO_(2)equilibrium partial pressure required in these reactions.Ca sulfates mainly exist in deposits at high temperatures(above approximately 500℃).Whereas alkali metal sulfates are the main component of deposits at low temperatures(below approximately 500℃).A multi-layer structure is exhibited on the cross-section of the corrosion samples.The discovery of Cl in the interface between the matrix and the oxide layer confirms that Cl can penetrate the outer oxide film.Besides,polysulfate components were observed inside the metal oxide layers,which indicates that a melt has occurred there.This study has provided a better understanding of ash deposition and corrosion phenomena in MSWI systems and more emphasis should be placed on the research of ash deposition and corrosion mechanisms.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Ash deposition High temperature corrosion Sulfate Chloride

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Correction to:Low-carbon stabilization/solidification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第2期5卷 247-247页

作者： Chen Sun Lei Wang Xiaoqing Lin Shengyong Lu Qunxing Huang Jianhua Yan State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

Correction to:Waste Disposal&Sustainable Energy(2022)4:69-74 https://doi.0rg/10.1007/s42768-022-00102-6 The section‘Conflict of Interest'has been amended:"Jianhua Yan is the Editor-in-Chief of Waste Disposal&Sustainable Energy,Qunxing Huang is the Associate Editor of Waste Disposal&Sustainable Energy,Lei Wang is an Editorial Board Member of Waste Disposal&Sustainable Energy.'The revised Conflict of Interest'is as follows:Jianhua Yan is the Editor-in-Chief of Waste Disposal&Sustainable Energy.

关键词： Sustainable stabilization solidification

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