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Artificial selection of the Green Revolution gene Semidwarf 1 is implicated in upland rice breeding

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 769-780页

作者： Shuliang Jiao Qinyan Li fan Zhang Yonghong Tao Yingzhen Yu fan Yao Qingmao Li Fengyi Hu Liyu Huang Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial Rice Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wenshan 663000China

Semidwarf breeding has boosted crop production and is a well-known outcome from the first Green Revolution. The Green Revolution gene Semidwarf 1(SD1), which modulates gibberellic acid(GA) biosynthesis, plays a principal role in determining rice plant height. Mutations in SD1 reduce rice plant height and promote lodging resistance and fertilizer tolerance to increase grain production. The plant height mediated by SD1 also favors grain yield under certain conditions. However, it is not yet known whether the function of SD1 in upland rice promotes adaptation and grain production. In this study, the plant height and grain yield of irrigated and upland rice were comparatively analyzed under paddy and dryland conditions. In response to dryland environments, rice requires a reduction in plant height to cope with water deficits. Upland rice accessions had greater plant heights than their irrigated counterparts under both paddy and dryland conditions, and appropriately reducing plant height could improve adaptability to dryland environments and maintain high grain yield formation. Moreover, upland rice cultivars with thicker stem diameters had stronger lodging resistance, which addresses the lodging problem. Knockout of SD1 in the upland rice cultivar IRAT104 reduced the plant height and grain yield, demonstrating that the adjustment of plant height mediated by SD1 could increase grain production in dryland fields. In addition, an SD1 genetic diversity analysis verified that haplotype variation causes phenotypic variation in plant height. During the breeding history of rice, SD1 allelic mutations were selected from landraces to improve the grain yield of irrigated rice cultivars, and this selection was accompanied by a reduction in plant height. Thus, five known mutant alleles were analyzed to verify that functional SD1 is required for upland rice production. All these results suggest that SD1 might have undergone artificial positive selection in upland rice, which provides

关键词： Green Revolution Semidwarf 1 high-yield breeding upland rice plant height

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Energy mechanism of bolt supporting effect to fissured rock under static and dynamic loads in deep coal mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第3期34卷 371-384页

作者： Deyuan fan Xuesheng Liu Yunliang Tan Xuebin Li Shenglong Yang College of Energy and Mining Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China National Energy Group Ningxia Coal Industry Co. Ltd.Yinchuan 753001China

The stability control of fissured rock is difficult,especially under static and dynamic loads in deep coal *** this paper,the dynamic mechanical properties,strain rate evolution and energy dissipation of fissured and anchored rocks were respectively obtained by SHPB *** was found that bolt can provide supporting efficiency-improving effect for fissured rock against dynamic disturbance,and this effect increased quadratically with decrease in anchoring ***,the energy dissipation mechanism of anchored rock was obtained by slipping ***,bolt energy-absorbing mechanism by instantaneous tensile-shear deformation was expressed based on material mechanics,which was the larger the anchoring angle,the smaller the energy absorption,and the less the contribution to supporting efficiency *** this basis,the functional relationship between energy dissipation of anchored rock and energy absorption of bolt was *** the coal-gangue separation system of Longgu coal mine as an example,the optimal anchoring angle can be determined as 57.5°–67.5°.Field monitoring showed fissured rock with the optimal anchoring angle,can not only effectively control the deformation,but also fully exert the energy-absorbing and efficiency-improving effect of bolt *** study provides guidance to the stability control and supporting design for deep engineering under the same or similar conditions.

关键词： Static and dynamic loads Anchored rock Energy absorption Anchoring angle Engineering verification

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MOF-derived porous graphitic carbon with optimized plateau capacity and rate capability for high performance lithium-ion capacitors

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第2期31卷 395-404页

作者： Ge Chu Chaohui Wang Zhewei Yang Lin Qin Xin fan College of Materials Science&Engineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China Institute of Energy Innovation College of Materials Science and EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

The development of anode materials with high rate capability and long charge-discharge plateau is the key to improve per-formance of lithium-ion capacitors(LICs).Herein,the porous graphitic carbon(PGC-1300)derived from a new triply interpenetrated co-balt metal-organic framework(Co-MOF)was prepared through the facile and robust carbonization at 1300°C and washing by HCl *** as-prepared PGC-1300 featured an optimized graphitization degree and porous framework,which not only contributes to high plateau capacity(105.0 mAh·g^(−1)below 0.2 V at 0.05 A·g^(−1)),but also supplies more convenient pathways for ions and increases the rate capability(128.5 mAh·g^(−1)at 3.2 A·g^(−1)).According to the kinetics analyses,it can be found that diffusion regulated surface induced capa-citive process and Li-ions intercalation process are coexisted for lithium-ion ***,LIC PGC-1300//AC constructed with pre-lithiated PGC-1300 anode and activated carbon(AC)cathode exhibited an increased energy density of 102.8 Wh·kg^(−1),a power dens-ity of 6017.1 W·kg^(−1),together with the excellent cyclic stability(91.6%retention after 10000 cycles at 1.0 A·g^(−1)).

关键词： metal-organic framework porous graphitic carbon optimized plateau capacity kinetic analysis lithium-ion capacitor

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Unsupervised Multi-Expert Learning Model for Underwater Image Enhancement

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第3期11卷 708-722页

作者： Hongmin Liu Qi Zhang Yufan Hu Hui Zeng Bin fan the School of Intelligence Science and Technology and the Institute of Artificial Intelligence University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China IEEE

Underwater image enhancement aims to restore a clean appearance and thus improves the quality of underwater degraded *** methods feed the whole image directly into the model for ***,they ignored that the R,G and B channels of underwater degraded images present varied degrees of degradation,due to the selective absorption for the *** address this issue,we propose an unsupervised multi-expert learning model by considering the enhancement of each color ***,an unsupervised architecture based on generative adversarial network is employed to alleviate the need for paired underwater *** on this,we design a generator,including a multi-expert encoder,a feature fusion module and a feature fusion-guided decoder,to generate the clear underwater ***,a multi-expert discriminator is proposed to verify the authenticity of the R,G and B channels,*** addition,content perceptual loss and edge loss are introduced into the loss function to further improve the content and details of the enhanced *** experiments on public datasets demonstrate that our method achieves more pleasing results in vision *** metrics(PSNR,SSIM,UIQM and UCIQE) evaluated on our enhanced images have been improved obviously.

关键词： Multi-expert learning underwater image enhancement unsupervised learning

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A probabilistic generative model for tracking multi-knowledge concept mastery probability

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第3期18卷 155-170页

作者： Hengyu LIU Tiancheng ZHANG fan LI Minghe YU Ge YU School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110169China Software College Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110169China

Knowledge tracing aims to track students’knowledge status over time to predict students’future performance *** a real environment,teachers expect knowledge tracing models to provide the interpretable result of knowledge *** chain-based knowledge tracing(MCKT)models,such as Bayesian Knowledge Tracing,can track knowledge concept mastery probability over ***,as the number of tracked knowledge concepts increases,the time complexity of MCKT predicting student performance increases exponentially(also called explaining away problem).When the number of tracked knowledge concepts is large,we cannot utilize MCKT to track knowledge concept mastery probability over *** addition,the existing MCKT models only consider the relationship between students’knowledge status and problems when modeling students’responses but ignore the relationship between knowledge concepts in the same *** address these challenges,we propose an inTerpretable pRobAbilistiC gEnerative moDel(TRACED),which can track students’numerous knowledge concepts mastery probabilities over *** solve explain away problem,we design long and short-term memory(LSTM)-based networks to approximate the posterior distribution,predict students’future performance,and propose a heuristic algorithm to train LSTMs and probabilistic graphical model *** better model students’exercise responses,we proposed a logarithmic linear model with three interactive strategies,which models students’exercise responses by considering the relationship among students’knowledge status,knowledge concept,and *** conduct experiments with four real-world datasets in three knowledge-driven *** experimental results show that TRACED outperforms existing knowledge tracing methods in predicting students’future performance and can learn the relationship among students,knowledge concepts,and problems from students’exercise *** also conduct several case *** case studies show that

关键词： probabilistic graphical model deep learning knowledge tracing learner modeling

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Comparison of the hygrothermal performance of two light-framed timber structure buildings under different operation modes

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第1期25卷 18-35页

作者： Wanqing XU Yucong XUE Jiang LU Yifan fan Xiaoyu LUO College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China International Research Center for Green Building and Low-Carbon City International CampusZhejiang UniversityJiaxing314400China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou310023China

Light-framed timber structure(LTS)buildings have been highly valued in recent years due to their low-carbon ***,the applicability of the building envelope is closely related to indoor and outdoor *** hot summer and cold winter(HSCW)climate zone in China has high humidity and great temperature variation throughout the year,resulting in distinct outdoor environments in different *** indoor environment is greatly affected by energy-consumption patterns and window-opening habits,which largely depend upon the regulation operations of *** these interrelated factors lead to extremely complex boundary conditions on each side of the building *** the structures of LTS buildings are applicable in this climate zone,therefore,needs to be carefully *** this study,two LTS buildings with different envelopes were established in Haining,China,situated in the HSCW climate zone,and selected as the study *** operation modes were adopted to create a variety of indoor *** each condition,the processes of heat and moisture transfer within the building envelopes and the indoor environment were monitored and *** comparison indicated that the building envelope with high moisture storage and insulation ability maintained a relatively stable indoor environment,especially when the environment changed ***,if the outdoor environment was equable(e.g.,relative humidity within the range of 30%–60%)or intermittent energy consumption modes were adopted,the building envelope with a low thermal inertia index and weak moisture-buffering ability performed better because it enabled a faster response of the indoor environment to air ***,a high risk of moisture accumulation between the thermal insulation layer and other materials with a large water vapour transfer resistance factor was also identified,suggesting a higher requirement for the vapour insulation of the env

关键词： Light-framed timber structure(LTS)buildings In-situ experiment Typical operation mode Indoor environment Heatand moisture transfer

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Data complexity-based batch sanitization method against poison in distributed learning

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第2期10卷 416-428页

作者： Silv Wang Kai fan Kuan Zhang Hui Li Yintang Yang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xidian UniversityXi'an710126China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE68588USA Key Lab.of the Minist.of Educ.for Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials and Devices Xidian UniversityXi'an710071China

The security of Federated Learning(FL)/Distributed Machine Learning(DML)is gravely threatened by data poisoning attacks,which destroy the usability of the model by contaminating training samples,so such attacks are called causative availability indiscriminate *** the problem that existing data sanitization methods are hard to apply to real-time applications due to their tedious process and heavy computations,we propose a new supervised batch detection method for poison,which can fleetly sanitize the training dataset before the local model *** design a training dataset generation method that helps to enhance accuracy and uses data complexity features to train a detection model,which will be used in an efficient batch hierarchical detection *** model stockpiles knowledge about poison,which can be expanded by retraining to adapt to new *** neither attack-specific nor scenario-specific,our method is applicable to FL/DML or other online or offline scenarios.

关键词： Distributed machine learning security Federated learning Data poisoning attacks Data sanitization Batch detection Data complexity

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Solvent-free carbon sphere nanofluids towards intelligent lubrication regulation

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Friction 2024年第1期12卷 95-109页

作者： Sheng ZHANG Wen LI Xiaoliang MA Xiaoqiang fan Minhao ZHU Tribology Research Institute School of Mechanical EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

By simply switching the electrical circuit installed on steel/steel contact,the tribological behaviors of nanofluids(NFs)can be regulated in real time,thereby achieving the desired performance of friction reduction and wear ***,solvent-free carbon spherical nanofluids(C-NFs)were successfully prepared for intelligent lubrication regulation.C-NFs with excellent lubrication performance can immediately reduce the coefficient of friction(COF)despite applying a weak electric potential(1.5 V).Moreover,polyethylene glycol 400(PEG400)containing 5.0 wt%C-NFs remained responsive to electrical stimulation under the intermittent voltage application with an average coefficient of friction(ACOF)reduction of 20.8%over *** intelligent lubrication regulation of C-NFs under an external electric field(EEF)mainly depends on the orderly arranged double-electric adsorption film of ion canopy-adsorbed carbon spheres(CSs).The intermittent electrical application can continuously reinforce the adsorption film and its durability for real-time controlling the sliding ***-stimulation-responsive intelligent lubricants provide a new technical support for realizing intelligent stepless control of devices.

关键词： solvent-free carbon spherical nanofluids(C-NFs) intelligent lubrication regulation lubrication performance adsorption film

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Cavity continuum

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 391-398页

作者： fan CHENG VLADIMIR SHUVAYEV MARK DOUVIDZON LEV DEYCH TAL CARMON School of Electrical Engineering Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Physics Department Queens College of CUNYFlushingQueensNew York 11367USA Solid State Institute Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel The Graduate Center of CUNY New YorkNew York 10016USA

We experimentally demonstrate and numerically analyze large arrays of whispering gallery *** fluorescent mapping,we measure the spatial distribution of the cavity ensemble’s resonances,revealing that light reaches distant resonators in various ways,including while passing through dark gaps,resonator groups,or resonator *** spatially decays exponentially in the *** practically infinite periodic array of resonators,with a quality factor(Q)exceeding 107,might impact a new type of photonic ensembles for nonlinear optics and lasers using our cavity continuum that is distributed,while having high-Q resonators as unit cells.

关键词： resonator cavity ensemble

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Estimation of the anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity through 3D fracture networks using the directional geological entropy

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第2期34卷 137-148页

作者： Chuangbing Zhou Zuyang Ye Chi Yao Xincheng fan Feng Xiong School of Infrastructure Engineering Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China b School of Resource and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China School of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

With an extension of the geological entropy concept in porous media,the approach called directional entrogram is applied to link hydraulic behavior to the anisotropy of the 3D fracture networks.A metric called directional entropic scale is used to measure the anisotropy of spatial order in different *** with the traditional connectivity indexes based on the statistics of fracture geometry,the directional entropic scale is capable to quantify the anisotropy of connectivity and hydraulic conductivity in heterogeneous 3D fracture *** to the numerical analysis of directional entrogram and fluid flow in a number of the 3D fracture networks,the hydraulic conductivities and entropic scales in different directions both increase with spatial order(i.e.,trace length decreasing and spacing increasing)and are independent of the dip *** a result,the nonlinear correlation between the hydraulic conductivities and entropic scales from different directions can be unified as quadratic polynomial function,which can shed light on the anisotropic effect of spatial order and global entropy on the heterogeneous hydraulic behaviors.

关键词： 3D fracture network Geological entropy Directional entropic scale Anisotropy Hydraulic conductivity

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