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Accumulation mechanism of mantle-derived helium resources in petroliferous basins, eastern China

Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第12期65卷 2322-2334页

作者： Xiaofeng WANG quanyou liu Wenhui liu Dongdong ZHANG Xiaofu LI Dong ZHAO State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China Institute of Energy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing 100083China

A series of marginal-sea basins and fault-depression basins were formed in eastern China under the background of subduction of the West Pacific *** types of helium-rich natural gas reservoirs(He>1000 ppm,1 ppm=1μmol mol^(-1))have been found in these basins:helium-rich CO_(2)gas reservoirs,helium-rich N_(2)gas reservoirs,and helium-rich hydrocarbon gas *** on the analysis of gas geochemical data,the source and accumulation mechanism of helium in these heliumrich natural gas reservoirs were ***-rich natural gas has relatively high 3He/4He ratios(0.88-4.91 Ra,average 2.82 Ra).The ^(3)He/^(4)He ratio characteristics of mantle xenoliths and mantle-derived CO_(2)gas reservoirs indicate that the helium in these helium-rich natural gas reservoirs is mainly mantle-derived(>70%).The original mantle volatile is mainly CO_(2)with a low helium concentration(Helium in the gas reservoir is mainly related to the dissolution and mineralization of CO_(2).During this process,the CO_(2)/3He ratio decreases from 2×10^(9)to approximately 2×10^(6).As CO_(2)dissolves and mineralizes,the concentration of conservative gases(He and N_(2))increases in the remaining CO_(2)gas proportionally to the loss of CO_(2).Large amounts of carbonate minerals,such as dawsonite,which are relatively enriched in 13C,are found in CO_(2)reservoirs in eastern *** relative enrichment of^(12)C in residual CO_(2)gas is important evidence of the dissolution and mineralization of CO_(2).The relative abundance of mantle-derived helium and N_(2)gas increases thousands of times during the dissolution and mineralization of CO_(2),which is the main accumulation mechanism of mantle-derived helium-rich CO_(2)gas reservoirs and helium-rich N_(2)gas ***-rich gas from the mantle is mixed with alkane gas generated by organic matter in the sedimentary basin to form helium-rich hydrocarbon gas reservoirs.

关键词： Mantle-derived helium ^(3)He/4He ratio,Helium resources,Helium-rich natural gas,Accumulation mechanism

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急诊医疗实践中的伦理冲突与探讨

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医学与哲学 2024年第17期45卷 7-10页

作者：刘全有傅一牧周敏杰封启明上海交通大学附属第六人民医院金山分院急诊科上海201599 上海交通大学附属第六人民医院急诊科上海200233

医学伦理学在急诊临床实践中遇到的具体问题非常复杂,其中良好的医患关系、以患者为中心是医学伦理学的基石。医疗工作围绕最大程度地改善患者的疾病预后,最大可能地实现患者及其家庭的幸福,照顾患者及家庭的情感需求,不能威胁医生执业... 详细信息

医学伦理学在急诊临床实践中遇到的具体问题非常复杂,其中良好的医患关系、以患者为中心是医学伦理学的基石。医疗工作围绕最大程度地改善患者的疾病预后,最大可能地实现患者及其家庭的幸福,照顾患者及家庭的情感需求,不能威胁医生执业安全来开展。医疗本身复杂、专业,患者个案处在不同的场景下,因不同的人、不同的家庭、不同的理念,具体的诊疗行为必然有所不同,没有完全统一的标准。对四个典型案例进行伦理学探讨,以期为临床工作中遇到的复杂伦理学问题提供思考方法。

关键词：医患关系以患者为中心执业安全

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Effects of Deep Fluids on Hydrocarbon Generation and Accumulation in Chinese Petroliferous Basins

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 301-319页

作者： ZHU Dongya liu quanyou JIN Zhijun MENG Qingqiang HU Wenxuan State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083 China Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute of SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu China

Deep fluids in a petroliferous basin generally come from the deep crust or mantle beneath the basin basement, and they transport deep substances（gases and aqueous solutions） as well as heat to sedimentary strata through deep faults. These deep fluids not only lead to large-scale accumulations of CO2, CH4, H2, He and other gases, but also significantly impact hydrocarbon generation and accumulation through organic-inorganic interactions. With the development of deep faults and magmatic-volcanic activities in different periods, most Chinese petroliferous basins have experienced strong impacts associated with deep fluid activity. In the Songliao, Bohai Bay, Northern Jiangsu, Sanshui, Yinggehai and Pearl Mouth Basins in China, a series of CO2 reservoirs have been discovered. The CO2 content is up to 99%, with δ-（13）C（CO2） values ranging from-4.1‰ to-0.37‰ and -3He/-4He ratios of up to 5.5 Ra. The abiogenic hydrocarbon gas reservoirs with commercial reserves, such as the Changde, Wanjinta, Zhaozhou, and Chaoyanggou reservoirs, are mainly distributed in the Xujiaweizi faulted depression of the Songliao Basin. The δ-（13）CCH4 values of the abiogenic alkane gases are generally -30‰ and exhibit an inverse carbon isotope sequence of δ-（13）C（CH4）δ-（13）C（C2H6）δ-（13）C（C3H8）δ-（13）C（C4H10）. According to laboratory experiments, introducing external H2 can improve the rate of hydrocarbon generation by up to 147% through the kerogen hydrogenation process. During the migration from deep to shallow depth, CO2 can significantly alter reservoir rocks. In clastic reservoirs, feldspar is easily altered by CO2-rich fluids, leading to the formation of dawsonite, a typical mineral in high CO2 partial pressure environments, as well as the creation of secondary porosity. In carbonate reservoirs, CO2-rich fluids predominately cause dissolution or precipitation of carbonate minerals. The minerals, e.g., calcite and dolomite, show some typical features, such as higher homogenization temperatures th

关键词： petroliferous basin deep fluids organic-inorganic interaction hydrogenation reservoir rock alteration hydrocarbon migration

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Activity of Silica-Rich Hydrothermal Fluid and Its Impact on Deep Dolomite Reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin, Southern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第6期91卷 2214-2229页

作者： ZHU Dongya ZHANG Dianwei liu quanyou JIN Zhijun HE Zhiliang State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute of SINOPEC Laboratory of Structural and Sedimentological Reservoir Geology

Well-developed dissolution pores occur in the dolomites of the Sinian Dengying Formation, which is an important oil and gas reservoir layer in the Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas in southern China. The pores are often filled with quartz, and some dolomites have been metasomatically altered to siliceous chert. Few studies have documented the characteristics, source or origin of silica-rich fluids and their effects on the dolomite reservoir. The peak homogenisation temperatures （Th） of fluid inclusions in pore-filling quartz are between 150~C and 190~C, with an average of 173.7~C. Gases in the inclusions are mainly composed of CO2, CH4 and N2. Compared with host dolomite, pore-filling quartz and metasomatic chert contain higher amounts of Cr, Co, Mo, W and Fe, with average concentrations of 461.58, 3.99, 5.05, 31.43 and 6666.83 ppm in quartz and 308.98, 0.99, 1.04, 13.81 and 4703.50 ppm in chert, respectively. Strontium levels are lower than that in the host dolomite, with average concentrations in quartz and chert of 4.81 and 11.06 ppm, respectively. Rare earth element compositions in quartz and chert display positive Eu anomalies with a maximum δEu of 5.72. The δDsMow values of hydrogen isotopes in water from quartz inclusions vary from -85.1‰ to -53.1‰ with an average of-64.3‰, whereas the δ18OsMow values range from 7.2‰ to 8.5‰ with an average of 8.2‰. The average 87Sr/86Sr ratios in quartz and chert are 0.711586 and 0.709917, respectively, which are higher than that in the host dolomite. The fluid inclusions, elemental and isotopic compositions demonstrate that the formation of quartz and chert was related to silica-rich hydrothermal fluid and that the fluid was the deep circulation of meteoric water along basement faults. Interactions with silica-rich hydrothermal fluids resulted in densification of dolomite reservoirs in the Dengying Formation through quartz precipitation and siliceous metasomatism. However, it increased the resistance of the host dolomite to

关键词： Dengying Formation dolomite silica-rich hydrothermal fluid quartz rare earth element,Sichuan Basin

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Kinetic Model of Gaseous Alkanes Formed from Coal in a Confined System and Its Application to Gas Filling History in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,Northwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第4期85卷 911-922页

作者： liu quanyou ZHANG Tongwei JIN Zhijun QIN Shengfei TANG Yongchun liu Wenhui Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing 100083China Bureau of Economic Geology The University of Texas at Austin University StationAustinTexas 78713- 8924USA Power Environmental and Energy Research InstituteCalifornia 91722USA Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

Based on the pyrolysis products for the Jurassic low-mature coal under programmed temperature,and chemical and carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Kuqa Depression, the genetic origin of natural gas was determined,and then a gas filling model was established,in combination with the geological background of the Kuqa *** active energy of CH_4,C_2H_6 and C_3H_8 was gotten after the data of pyrolysis gas products under different heating rates（2℃/h and 20℃/h）were fitted by the Gas Oil Ratio（GOR）Isotope Model *** the frequency factor（Af）was chosen as 1×10^（14）,the active energy of CH_4,C_2H_6 and C_3H_8 was 58 kcal/mol,57 kcal/mol and 54 kcal/ mol,*** distributive ranges of theδ^（13）C_1,δ^（13）C_2 andδ^（13）C_3 values for the pyrolysis gas products are-35.9‰to-30.7‰,-26.2‰to-21.3‰and-26.4‰to-22.7‰,*** of the natural gases from the Kuqa Depression are dominated by hydrocarbon gases,with the high gas dryness（C_1/C_（1-4））at the middle and northern parts of the depression and the low values at both east and west sides and the southern *** carbon isotopes of methane and its homologs as a typical coal-type gas are enriched in ^（13）C,and the distributive range of theδ^（13）C_1,δ^（13）C_2 andδ^（13）C_3 value is-32‰to -38‰,-22‰to-24‰and-20‰to-22‰,respectively,with the carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes being less negative with the carbon *** the ethane being enriched in ^（13）C the increasing tendency of the geological reserve of natural gas in the Kuqa Depression is *** observed change is consistent with the results of pyrolysate gas yield of coal as a potential gas source in the Kuqa Depression,suggesting natural gas was thermally derived from the humic organic matters and the carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes would coarsely predict the geological reserve of gas in the Kuqa *** the simulation of kinetic processes of gas generation for the Jurassic coal in the Kuqa Depression,the gas in th

关键词： natural gas gas kinetic carbon isotope gas-filling history Kuqa Depression

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Corrosion inhibiting performance and mechanism of protic ionic liquids as green brass inhibitors in nitric acid

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Green Energy & Environment 2020年第2期5卷 214-222页

作者： Pengcheng Hu Zhitao Wu Junlin Wang Yuqing Huang quanyou liu Shu-Feng Zhou College of Chemical Engineering Huaqiao UniversityNo.668 Jimei AvenueJimei DisrtictXiamen CityFujian Province361021China

Four protic ionic liquids(ILs)were synthesized via a one-step method by using benzotriazole(BTA)and benzimidazole as cations,and benzenesulfonic acid and 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid(NSA)as *** ILs were used as green corrosion inhibitors for brass specimens in a nitric acid *** structure of the protic ILs was characterized by 1H-NMR,13C-NMR,and FT-IR *** effects of the IL structure,IL concentration,acid concentration,and corrosion time on the surface morphology of brass specimens and the inhibition efficiency(η%)of ILs were investigated by the weight loss method combined with SEM and EDS *** curves and impedance spectroscopy were used to analyze the electrochemical corrosion inhibition mechanism of *** showed that IL synthesis was a proton transfer process,and the proton of the–SO3H group on NSA was deprived by ***[BTA][NSA],which had a high charge density and large conjugateπband,was the most effective inhibitor for brass ***η%of[BTA][NSA]decreased with the increase in acid concentration and corrosion time,which showed an increment with the increase in[BTA][NSA]*** higher theη%of[BTA][NSA]is,the smoother the surface of the brass specimens is,and the smaller the undistributed area of Cu element will *** inhibiting mechanism from electrochemical analysis indicated that the addition of[BTA][NSA]increased the polarization resistance of the brass electrode significantly and suppressed both anodic and cathodic reactions.

关键词： Protic ionic liquid Corrosion inhibitor Electrochemical mechanism Brass

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The scientific connotation of oil and gas formations under deep fluids and organic-inorganic interaction

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第3期62卷 507-528页

作者： quanyou liu Dongya ZHU Qingqiang MENG Jiayi liu Xiaoqi WU Bing ZHOU Qi FU Zhijun JIN State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Structure & Sedimentary Reservoir Laboratory Petroleum Exploration & Production Research InstituteSINOPEC Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Houston

As a relatively stable craton block in the earth system, the petroliferous basin is influenced by the evolution of the earth system from the early development environment of source rocks, hydrocarbon formation, and reservoir dissolution to hydrocarbon accumulation or destruction. As a link between the internal and external factors of the basin, deep fluids run through the whole process of hydrocarbon formation and accumulation through organic-inorganic interaction. The nutrients carried by deep fluids promote the bloom of hydrocarbon-generating organisms and extra addition of carbon and hydrogen source, which are beneficial to the development of high-quality source rock and enhancement of the hydrocarbon generation potential. The energy carried by the deep fluid promotes the early maturation of the source rock and facilitates the hydrocarbon generation by activation and hydrogenation in high-mature hydrocarbon sources. The dissolution alteration of carbonate rocks and clastic reservoirs by CO_2-rich deep fluids improves the deep reservoir space, thus extending the oil and gas reservoir space into greater depth. The extraction of deeply retained crude oil by deep supercritical CO_2 and the displacement of CH_4 in shale have both improved the hydrocarbon fluidity in deep and tight reservoirs. Simultaneously, the energy and material carried by deep fluids(C, H, and catalytic substances) not only induce inorganic CH_4 formation by Fischer-Tropsch(F-T) synthesis and "hydrothermal petroleum" generation from organic matter by thermal activity but also cause the hydrothermal alteration of crude oil from organic sources. Therefore, from the perspective of the interaction of the earth's sphere, deep fluids not only input a significant amount of exogenous C and H into sedimentary basins but also improve the reservoir space for oil and gas, as well as their enrichment and accumulation efficiencies.

关键词： Organic-inorganic interaction Deep fluid Hydrocarbon generation from hydrogenation Dissolution alteration Displacement

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论海相页岩气富集机理——以四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组为例

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地质学报 2024年第3期98卷 975-991页

作者：聂海宽张金川金之钧刘全有李双建党伟李沛边瑞康孙川翔张珂苏海琨页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室北京102206 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室北京102206 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院北京102206 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院北京100083 北京大学能源研究院北京100871 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院陕西西安710065

深入探究页岩气富集机理是保障勘探开发高效推进的基础。本研究通过对四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气勘探开发实践的系统分析,梳理总结前人研究成果,从生成机理、运移机理、赋存机理和保存机理四个方面对海相页岩气富集机理进行了深入... 详细信息

深入探究页岩气富集机理是保障勘探开发高效推进的基础。本研究通过对四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气勘探开发实践的系统分析,梳理总结前人研究成果,从生成机理、运移机理、赋存机理和保存机理四个方面对海相页岩气富集机理进行了深入分析,并讨论了深层和常压页岩气的勘探开发潜力。结果表明:在生成机理方面,埋藏史和热演化史控制了页岩生排烃史、生排烃量和现今含气量;页岩气运移机理涉及运移动力、运移相态、运移方式和运移通道四方面内容,页岩气运移主要是烃源岩内的初次运移,同时讨论了初次运移的影响因素;在赋存机理方面,甲烷—页岩间表现出单/多分子层吸附和微孔充填等多种赋存机制,组分润湿性和孔隙有效性是决定甲烷吸附赋存和解吸运移的关键;在保存机理方面,盖层和物性自封闭是主要的保存机理,构造运动引起的裂缝—流体活动是页岩气保存条件遭到破坏的主要原因,流体活动时间和期次研究是页岩气保存条件和含气量定量评价的重要内容。页岩气富集机理的系统分析和创新认识为页岩气勘探开发评价提供了重要依据,建议加强页岩气演化历史全过程的动态评价。结合深层和常压页岩气勘探实践,分析了深层和常压页岩气的成因机制及主要特征,指出了下一步攻关内容及勘探方向。

关键词：页岩气五峰组龙马溪组富集机理差异富集勘探潜力四川盆地

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Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Types of Natural Gas in the Xinchang Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第6期91卷 2200-2213页

作者： WU Xiaoqi liu quanyou liu Guangxiang WANG Ping LI Huaji MENG Qingqiang CHEN Yingbin ZENG Huasheng Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology Petroleum Exploration and Production Research InstituteSINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPEC Exploration and Development Research Institute Southwest Branch CompanySINOPEC

The molecular compositions and stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Xinchang gas field in the Sichuan Basin were investigated to determine the genetic types. The natural gas is mainly composed of methane （88.99%-98.01%）, and the dryness coefficient varies between 0.908 and 0.997. The gas generally displays positive alkane carbon and hydrogen isotopic series. The geochemical characteristics and gas-source correlation indicate that the gases stored in the 5th member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are coal-type gases which are derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Xujiahe Formation and Jurassic strata in the Xinchang gas field are also coal-type gases that are derived from source rocks in the 3rd and 4th members of the Xujiahe Formation. The gases reservoired in the 2nd member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are mainly coal-type gases with small amounts of oil-type gas that is derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. This is accompanied by a small amount of contribution brought by source rocks in the Upper Triassic Ma＇antang and Xiaotangzi formations. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation are oil-type gases and are believed to be derived from the secondary cracking of oil which is most likely to be generated from the Upper Permian source rocks.

关键词： natural gas geochemical characteristics genetic types Xinchang gas field western Sichuan Basin

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Enrichment mechanism and resource potential of shale-type helium:A case study of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第6期66卷 1279-1288页

作者： Haikuan NIE quanyou liu Wei DANG Pei LI Haikun SU Hanyong BAO Liang XIONG Zhujiang liu Chuanxiang SUN Peixian ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development Beijing 102206China Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology Beijing 102206China Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing 102206China Institute of Energy Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Jianghan Oilfield CompanySINOPECWuhan 430223China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Southwest Oil&Gas CompanySINOPECChengdu 610041China Sinopec Exploration Company Chengdu 610041China Research Institute of Exploration and Development East China Petroleum&Gas BranchSINOPECNanjing 210019China

China’s helium resource is highly dependent on overseas ***-rich and U/Th-rich shale reservoirs generally contain helium,and although the helium content is low,the total reserve is ***,the effective development and utilisation of shale-type helium resources is a realistic way to improve the security of helium resources in *** this study,the generation mechanism,helium source and content,migration modes and pathways,controlling factors of enrichment,distribution pattern,and resource potential of the helium were analysed,using the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin and its ***,countermeasures were proposed for shale-type helium exploration and *** results show that the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale has a high content of U and Th and a good ability to generate *** helium is generated by a typical crustal source of helium and is characterised by self-generation,self-storage,and wide *** helium resource potential is a product of its content and the resources of the associated natural *** continuous supply of helium and effective preservation are the main geological factors that control the enrichment of shale-type *** preliminary evaluation results show that the reserves of helium in proven shale gas reserves are 10.8×10^(8)m^(3)in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery,where the extra-large helium fields are likely to be ***,0.0912×10^(8)m^(3)of helium was produced,along with the annual production of shale *** avoid the waste of helium and to improve the self-supply ability,it is suggested that research on the resource potential,enrichment mechanism,and distribution pattern of shale-type helium should be carried out as soon as possible,and helium extraction techniques for helium-bearing natural gas should be studied.

关键词： Shale Helium content Enrichment mechanism Resource potential Sichuan Basin

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