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Urea-induced interfacial engineering enabling highly reversible aqueous zinc-ion battery

Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1599-1609页

作者： Bin-Rui Xu quan-An Li Yong Liu guang-Bin Wang Zi-He zhang Feng-zhang Ren School of Material Science and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology School of Information Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Longmen Laboratory Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries（AZIBs） have been regarded as prospective rechargeable energy storage devices because of the high theoretical capacity and low redox potential of Zn metal.However,the uncontrollable formation of dendrites and the water-induced side reactions at the Zn/electrolyte interface,and the poor reversibility under a high current density(> 2 mA·cm-2) and large area capacity(>2 mAh·cm-2) still limit the practical applications of AZIBs.Therefore,a strategy that can overcome these difficulties is urgently needed.Here,we introduce an environmentally friendly and low-cost additive,namely urea,to the electrolyte of AZIBs to induce uniform Zn deposition and suppress the side reactions.Measurements of the adsorption behavior,electrochemical characterization,and observations of the morphology revealed the interfacial modification induced by urea on the Zn/electrolyte interface,demonstrating its huge potential in AZIBs.Consequently,the long-term cycling stability（over2100 h） of a Zn/Zn symmetric cell under a high current density of 5 mA·cm-2and a capacity of 5 mAh·cm-2was achieved with a 1 mol·L-1ZnSO4electrolyte with the urea additive.Additionally,the assembled Zn/NH4V4O10full cell with urea exhibited excellent cycling performance and an outstanding average Coulombic efficiency of 99.98%.These results indicate that this is a low-cost and effective additive strategy for realizing highly reversible AZIBs.

关键词： Zn anode Urea additive Interface engineering Dendrite growth Side reaction

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Application and management of continuous glucose monitoring in diabetic kidney disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 591-597页

作者： Xin-Miao zhang quan-quan Shen Geriatric Medicine Center Department of EndocrinologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical College)Hangzhou 310014Zhejiang ProvinceChina Urology and Nephrology Center Department of NephrologyZhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital(Affiliated People’s HospitalHangzhou Medical College)Hangzhou 310014Zhejiang ProvinceChina

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that contributes to the risk of end-stage kidney disease(ESKD).Wide glycemic var-iations,such as hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia,are broadly found in diabetic patients with DKD and especially ESKD,as a result of impaired renal metabolism.It is essential to monitor glycemia for effective management of DKD.Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)has long been considered as the gold standard for monitoring glycemia for>3 months.However,assessment of HbA1c has some bias as it is susceptible to factors such as anemia and liver or kidney dysfunction.Continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)has provided new insights on glycemic assessment and management.CGM directly measures glucose level in interstitial fluid,reports real-time or retrospective glucose concentration,and provides multiple glycemic metrics.It avoids the pitfalls of HbA1c in some contexts,and may serve as a precise alternative to estimation of mean glucose and glycemic variability.Emerging studies have demonstrated the merits of CGM for precise monitoring,which allows fine-tuning of glycemic management in diabetic patients.Therefore,CGM technology has the potential for better glycemic monitoring in DKD patients.More research is needed to explore its application and management in different stages of DKD,including hemodialysis,peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation.

关键词： Diabetic kidney disease Continuous glucose monitoring Glycemic monitoring Hemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis Kidney transplantation

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Essential Players in Cooperative Games with Graph Communication Structure

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2024年第1期12卷 93-108页

作者： guang zhang Jing-Yi Ge Business School University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China

A class of cooperative games with graph communication structure is studied in this paper by considering some important players,namely essential players.Under the assumption that only connected coalitions containing essential players are able to cooperate and obtain their worths,the class of graph games with essential players is proposed as well as an allocation rule.The proposed value follows the spirit of the Myerson value defined by applying the Shapley value on a modified game.Three properties,feasible component efficiency,the inessential component property,and fairness,are provided to fully characterize this value,where feasible component efficiency and fairness follows the same ideas of component efficiency and fairness for classical graph games,and the inessential component property says that the total payoffs of the players in a non-feasible component is zero.Moreover,some computational aspects of the proposed value and comparisons with disjunctive permission value for games with permission structure are also studied,respectively.

关键词： Cooperative game Graph structure Essential player Myerson value Computation Permission structure

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Aerial refueling scheduling of multi-receiver and multi-tanker under spatial-temporal constraints for forest firefighting

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第5期37卷 71-91,I0001页

作者： Jing HUANG Jiaqi XING Jinrui REN quan quan Youmin zhang Department of Information and Control Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China Jiujiang Measuring Test Technology Research Institute Jiujiang 332000China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Automation Xi’an University of Posts&TelecommunicationsShaanxiXi’an 710121China Department of Mechanical Industrial and Aerospace EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontreal H3G 1M8Canada

Forest fires pose a significant threat to human life and property,so the utilization of unmanned aircraft systems provides new ways for forest firefighting.Given the constrained load capacities of these aircraft,aerial refueling becomes crucial to extend their operational time and range.In order to address the complexities of firefighting missions involving multi-receiver and multi-tanker deployed from various airports,first,a fuel consumption calculation model for aerial refueling scheduling is established based on the receiver path.Then,two distinct methods,including an integrated one and a decomposed one,are designed to address the challenges of establishing refueling airspace and allocating tasks for tankers.Both methods aim to optimize total fuel consumption of the receivers and tankers within the aerial refueling scheduling framework.The optimization problem is established as nonlinear optimization models along with restrictions.The integrated method seamlessly combines refueling rendezvous point scheduling and tanker task allocation into unified process.It has a complete solution space and excels in optimizing total fuel consumption.The decomposed method,through the separation of rendezvous point scheduling and task allocation,achieves a reduced computational complexity.However,this comes at the cost of sacrificing optimality by excluding specific feasible solutions.Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.These simulations yield insights crucial for the practical engineering application of both the integrated and decomposed methods in real-world scenarios.This comprehensive approach aims to enhance the efficiency of forest firefighting operations,mitigating the risks posed by forest fires to human life and property.

关键词： Aerial refueling Scheduling Planning Spatial-temporal constraint Firefighting

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B cell development and antibody responses in human immune system mice:current status and future perspective

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 645-652页

作者： Tao zhang Wentao Liu Yong-guang Yang Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration&Transplantation of the Ministry of Education The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China International Center of Future Science Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China

Humanized immune system(HIS)mice have been developed and used as a small surrogate model to study human immune function under normal or disease conditions.Although variations are found between models,most HIS mice show robust human T cell responses.However,there has been unsuccessful in constructing HIS mice that produce high-affinity human antibodies,primarily due to defects in terminal B cell differentiation,antibody affinity maturation,and development of primary follicles and germinal centers.In this review,we elaborate on the current knowledge about and previous attempts to improve human B cell development in HIS mice,and propose a potential strategy for constructing HIS mice with improved humoral immunity by transplantation of human follicular dendritic cells(FDCs)to facilitate the development of secondary follicles.

关键词： humanized immune system mouse humoral immunity germinal center B cell follicular dendritic cell

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Initial costates derived by near-optimal reference sequence and least-squares method

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第5期37卷 377-391页

作者： Shaozhao LU Yao zhang quan HU School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

In this paper,we present a novel initial costates solver for initializing time-optimal trajectory problems in relative motion with continuous low thrust.The proposed solver consists of two primary components:training a Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)for generating reference sequence and Time of Flight(TOF)to the target,and deriving a system of linear algebraic equations for obtaining the initial costates.To overcome the challenge of generating training samples for the MLP,the backward generation method is proposed to obtain five different training databases.The training database and sample form are determined by analyzing the input and output correlation using the Pearson correlation coefficient.The best-performing MLP is obtained by analyzing the training results with various hyper-parameter combinations.A reference sequence starting from the initial states is obtained by integrating forward with the near-optimal control vector from the output of MLP.Finally,a system of linear algebraic equations for estimating the initial costates is derived using the reference sequence and the necessary conditions for optimality.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed initial costates solver improves the convergence ratio and reduce the function calls of the shooting function.Furthermore,Monte-Carlo simulation illustrates that the initial costates solver is applicable to different initial velocities,demonstrating excellent generalization ability.

关键词： Relative motion Expanding training database Multilayer perceptron Initial costates Least-squares method

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Significant contribution of carbonyls to atmospheric oxidation capacity(AOC)during the winter haze pollution over North China Plain

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 377-388页

作者： Xue Yang Gen zhang guang Pan Guolan Fan Houyong zhang Xuan Ge Mingyue Du School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJi’nan 250101China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Ji’nan 250101China

Atmospheric carbonyl compounds play significant roles in the cycling of radicals and have exhibited surprisingly high levels in winter that were well correlated to particulate matter,for which the reason have not been clearly elucidated.Here we measured carbonyl compounds and other trace gasses together with PM_(2.5)over urban Jinan in North China Plain during the winter.Markedly higher carbonyl concentrations(average:14.63±4.21 ppbv)were found during wintertime haze pollution,about one to three-times relative to those on nonhaze days,with slight difference in chemical composition except formaldehyde(HCHO).HCHO(3.68 ppbv),acetone(3.17 ppbv),and acetaldehyde(CH_3CHO)(2.83 ppbv)were the three most abundant species,accounting for~75% of the total carbonylson both haze and non-haze days.Results from observational-based model(OBM)with atmospheric oxidation capacity(AOC)indicated that AOC significantly increased with the increasing carbonyls during the winter haze events.Carbonyl photolysis have supplied key oxidants such as RO_(2) and HO_(2),and thereby enhancing the formation of fine particles and secondary organic aerosols,elucidating the observed haze-carbonyls inter-correlation.Diurnal variation with carbonyls exhibiting peak values at early-noon and night highlighted the combined contribution of both secondary formation and primary diesel-fuel sources.1-butene was further confirmed to be the major precursor for HCHO.This study confirms the great contribution of carbonyls to AOC,and also suggests that reducing the emissions of carbonyls would be an effective way to mitigate haze pollution in urban area of the NCP region.

关键词： Carbonyls Haze Observation-based model Source apportionment Atmospheric oxidation capacity

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Conduction-convection coupled heat transfer around a hollow cylinder under different buoyancy forces

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 216-228页

作者： Wanyu zhang Jingyi WU guang YANG Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

In order to clarify the effect of a buoyancy force on conduction–convection coupled heat transfer in a hollow cylinder, the flow and thermal characteristics were analyzed using an RNG k-ε turbulence model. The Reynolds number was fixed at 1.014 × 10^(6), and the Rayleigh number varied from 1.122 × 10^(10)to 1.088 × 10^(11). Results have shown that, when considering the effect of an opposed buoyancy force, increasing the Rayleigh number has a positive impact on the rate of change and uniformity of the cylinder temperature. The temperature distributions along the axial and circumferential directions are similar for different Rayleigh numbers, but extreme values differ.Along the axial direction, the maximum temperature is obtained at the interface between the variable-diameter part and the constant-diameter part. The maximum dimensionless temperature value decreases to 0.12 when the Rayleigh number increases to 1.088 × 10^(11). Along the circumferential direction, the temperature distribution is affected by the buoyancy force, which results in the temperature of the upper part being higher than that of the lower part. After nondimensionalization of the temperature and time, a correlation was proposed to illustrate the transient heat transfer process quantitatively. The standard deviation of the maximum relative temperature, representing the temperature uniformity, was also calculated. It was found that the difference in the direction of the buoyancy force made a huge difference. Compared with the opposed buoyancy force, the maximum dimensionless temperature is almost two times higher with an assisted buoyancy force. Similarly, the heat transfer coefficient with an assisted buoyancy force is half of that with an opposed buoyancy force. Overall, an assisted buoyancy force plays a negative role in terms of thermal characteristics. The flow field around the hollow cylinder was also illustrated to reveal the mechanism of the buoyancy force on magnitude and direction aspects.

关键词： Buoyancy Conduction-convection heat transfer Transient analysis Hollow cylinder Non-dimensionalization

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Hydrogel loaded with bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomes promotes bone regeneration by inhibiting inflammatory responses and angiogenesis

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 499-511页

作者： Shuai zhang Chuan Lu Sheng Zheng guang Hong Division for International Collaborative and Innovative Dentistry Tohoku University Graduate School of DentistrySendai 980-8575MiyagiJapan School of Stomatology Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Bone healing is a complex process involving early inflammatory immune regu-lation,angiogenesis,osteogenic differentiation,and biomineralization.Fracture repair poses challenges for orthopedic surgeons,necessitating the search for efficient healing methods.AIM To investigate the underlying mechanism by which hydrogel-loaded exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)facilitate the process of fracture healing.METHODS Hydrogels and loaded BMSC-derived exosome(BMSC-exo)gels were charac-terized to validate their properties.In vitro evaluations were conducted to assess the impact of hydrogels on various stages of the healing process.Hydrogels could recruit macrophages and inhibit inflammatory responses,enhance of human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis,and promote the osteogenic differen-tiation of primary cranial osteoblasts.Furthermore,the effect of hydrogel on fracture healing was confirmed using a mouse fracture model.RESULTS The hydrogel effectively attenuated the inflammatory response during the initial repair stage and subsequently facilitated vascular migration,promoted the formation of large vessels,and enabled functional vascularization during bone repair.These effects were further validated in fracture models.CONCLUSION We successfully fabricated a hydrogel loaded with BMSC-exo that modulates macrophage polarization and angiogenesis to influence bone regeneration.

关键词： Hydrogel Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Macrophage polarization Angiogenesis Bone regeneration

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Gene cloning,protein expression,and enzymatic characterization of a double-stranded RNA degrading enzyme in Apolygus lucorum

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 119-133页

作者： Jie-Yu zhang Jing Zhao Keyan Zhu-Salzman Qin-Qin Ji Yi-Ping Jiang Liu-Bin Xiao De-Jin Xu guang-Chun Xu Lin-quan Ge Yong-An Tan College of Plant Protection Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Institute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Entomology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA Taizhou Customs of the People's Republic of China TaizhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

RNA interference(RNAi)is a powerful tool that post-transcriptionally silences target genes in eukaryotic cells.However,silencing efficacy varies greatly among different insect species.Recently,we met with little success when attempting to knock down genes in the mirid bug Apolygus lucorum via dsRNA injection.The disappearance of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)could be a potential factor that restricts RNAi efficiency.Here,we found that dsRNA can be degraded in midgut fluids,and a dsRNase of A.lucorum(AldsRNase)was identified and characterized.Sequence alignment indicated that its 6 key amino acid residues and the Mg2+-binding site were similar to those of other insects’dsRNases.The signal peptide and endonuclease non-specific domain shared high sequence identity with the brown-winged green stinkbug Plautia stali dsRNase.AldsRNase showed high salivary gland and midgut expression and was continuously expressed through the whole life cycle,with peaks at the 4th instar ecdysis in the whole body.The purified AldsRNase protein obtained by heterologously expressed can rapidly degrade dsRNA.When comparing the substrate specificity of AldsRNase,3 specific substrates(dsRNA,small interfering RNA,and dsDNA)were all degraded,and the most efficient degradation is dsRNA.Subsequently,immunofluorescence revealed that AldsRNase was expressed in the cytoplasm of midgut cells.Through cloning and functional study of AldsRNase,the enzyme activity and substrate specificity of the recombinant protein,as well as the subcellular localization of nuclease,the reason for the disappearance of dsRNA was explained,which was useful in improving RNAi efficiency in A.lucorum and related species.

关键词： Apolygus lucorum cloning dsRNase enzymatic activity protein expression

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