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Chapter 6 Multimessenger Physics

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第3期46卷 139-152页

作者： Zhuo Li Giuseppe Di Sciascio quan-bu gou Yi-Qing Guo Hao-Ning He Ruo-Yu Liu Kai Wang INFN-Roma Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 100133 RomeItaly Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics(Nanjing University) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Combining observations of multi-messengers help in boosting the sensitivity of astrophysical source searches,and probe various aspects of the source *** this chapter we discuss how LHAASO observations of very high energy(VHE)gamma rays in combination with telescopes for the other messengers can help in solving the origins of VHE neutrinos and galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays.

关键词： Cosmic ray gamma-ray neutrino LHAASO

Testing and analysis of the plastic scintillator units for LHAASO-ED

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2021年第4期5卷 513-519页

作者： Ya-Ping Wang Chao Hou Xiang-Dong Sheng Shao-Hui Feng Hong-Kui Lv Jia Liu Jing Zhao Xiao-Peng Zhang quan-bu gou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina

Background A total of 5195 electromagnetic particle detectors(EDs)are used in the 1-square-kilometer extensive air shower array(KM2A),which is a subarray of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO).Purpose As the detection sensitive medium of the EDs,more than 20,000 plastic scintillator units(BC-408),produced by Saint-Gobain,are used in *** is important to monitor the light output of the scintillator units among the *** To improve the efficiency,a sampling inspection scheme(misjudgment rate of less than 5%)was designed,and a batch test system was *** units of scintillator units can be measured at a *** test system selects the single muon events of cosmic rays to measure the light output values of the plastic scintillator *** The measurement has an uncertainty of less than 2%.By pretest calibration,the difference between different channels can be *** calibration was implemented approximately every 3 months,and the test system had been running stably for 28 *** measuring the ratio of the signals of selected far and near probe events,the changes in the quality of different batches of plastic scintillator units can be *** The test system realized accurate measurement of the light output,and all batches satisfied the requirements of the experiment.

关键词： LHAASO ED Plastic scintillator unit Light output

Preparation and performance of highly-conductive dual-doped Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)solid electrolytes for thermal batteries

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第2期10卷 399-409页

作者： Wei Li Shu Zhang Xinya bu Jing Luo Yi Zhang Mengyu Yan Ting quan Yanli Zhu State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Xi'an North Qinghua Electromechanical Co. Ltd.Xi'an710025China Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing401120China

Garnet Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO)electrolytes have been recognized as a promising candidate to replace liquid/molten-state electrolytes in battery applications due to their exceptional performance,particularly Ga-doped LLZO(LLZGO),which exhibits high ionic ***,the limited size of the Liþtransport bottleneck restricts its high-current discharging *** present study focuses on the synthesis of Ga^(3+)þand Ba^(2+)þco-doped LLZO(LLZGBO)and investigates the influence of doping contents on the morphology,crystal structure,Liþtransport bottleneck size,and ionic *** particular,Ga_(0.32)Ba_(0.15)exhibits the highest ionic conductivity(6.11E-2 S cm^(-1) at 550 C)in comparison with other compositions,which can be attributed to its higher-energy morphology,larger bottleneck and unique Liþtransport *** addition to Ba^(2+),Sr^(2+)þand Ca^(2+)have been co-doped with Ga3þinto LLZO,respectively,to study the effect of doping ion radius on crystal structures and the properties of *** characterization results demonstrate that the easier Liþtransport and higher ionic conductivity can be obtained when the electrolyte is doped with larger-radius *** a result,the assembled thermal battery with Ga_(0.32)Ba_(0.15)-LLZO electrolyte exhibits a remarkable voltage platform of 1.81 V and a high specific capacity of 455.65 mA h g^(-1) at an elevated temperature of 525℃.The discharge specific capacity of the thermal cell at 500 mA amounts to 63%of that at 100 mA,showcasing exceptional high-current discharging *** assembled as prototypes with fourteen single cells connected in series,the thermal batteries deliver an activation time of 38 ms and a discharge time of 32 s with the current density of 100 mA cm^(-2).These findings suggest that Ga,Ba co-doped LLZO solid-state electrolytes with high ionic conductivities holds great potential for high-capacity,quick-initiating and high-current discharging thermal batteries.

关键词： Element doping Thermal battery Solid electrolyte LLZO Ionic conductivity

Application of deep learning methods combined with physical background in wide field of view imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 208-220页

作者： Ao-Yan Cheng Hao Cai Shi Chen Tian-Lu Chen Xiang Dong You-Liang Feng Qi Gao quan-bu gou Yi-Qing Guo Hong-Bo Hu Ming-Ming Kang Hai-Jin Li Chen Liu Mao-Yuan Liu Wei Liu Fang-Sheng Min Chu-Cheng Pan Bing-Qiang Qiao Xiang-Li Qian Hui-Ying Sun Yu-Chang Sun Ao-Bo Wang Xu Wang Zhen Wang Guang-Guang Xin Yu-Hua Yao Qiang Yuan Yi Zhang School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Ministry of Education The Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University)Lhasa 850000China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 A Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China School of Intelligent Engineering Shandong Management UniversityJinan 250357China Tsung‑Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Suzhou Aerospace Information Research Institute Suzhou 215123China College of Physics Chongqing UniversityNo.55 Daxuecheng South RoadHigh‑tech DistrictChongqing 401331China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation(HADAR)experiment,which was constructed in Tibet,China,combines the wide-angle advantages of traditional EAS array detectors with the high-sensitivity advantages of focused Cherenkov *** objective is to observe transient sources such as gamma-ray bursts and the counterparts of gravitational *** study aims to utilize the latest AI technology to enhance the sensitivity of HADAR *** datasets and models with distinctive creativity were constructed by incorporating the relevant physical theories for various *** models can determine the type,energy,and direction of the incident particles after careful *** obtained a background identification accuracy of 98.6%,a relative energy reconstruction error of 10.0%,and an angular resolution of 0.22°in a test dataset at 10 *** findings demonstrate the significant potential for enhancing the precision and dependability of detector data analysis in astrophysical *** using deep learning techniques,the HADAR experiment’s observational sensitivity to the Crab Nebula has surpassed that of MAGIC and *** energies below 0.5 TeV and remains competitive with conventional narrow-field Cherenkov telescopes at higher *** addition,our experiment offers a new approach for dealing with strongly connected,scattered data.

关键词： VHE gamma-ray astronomy HADAR Deep learning Convolutional neural networks

Prospects for the detection rate of very-high-energyγ-ray emissions from shortγ-ray bursts with the HADAR experiment

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Chinese Physics C 2023年第9期47卷 120-129页

作者：陈琪凌胡珮瑾苏菁菁康明铭郭义庆陈天禄单增罗布范雨凡冯有亮高启苟全补胡红波厉海金刘成刘茂元刘伟钱详利乔冰强孙慧英王旭王振辛广广姚玉华袁强张毅赵兵 College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 A Yuquan RdShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China The Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China School of Intelligent Engineering Shandong Management UniversityJinan 250357China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China College of Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

The observation of short gamma ray bursts(SGRBs)in the TeV energy range plays an important role in understanding the radiation mechanism and probing potential new physics,such as Lorentz invariance violation(LIV).However,no SGRBs have been observed in this energy range owing to the short duration of SGRBs and the weakness of current *** experiments with new technology are required to detect the very high energy(VHE)emission of *** this study,we simulate the VHE γ-ray emissions from SGRBs and calculate the annu-al detection rate with the High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation(HADAR)***,a set of pseudo-SGRB samples is generated and checked using the observations of the Fermi-GBM,Fermi-LAT,and Swift-BAT *** annual detection rate is calculated from these SGRB samples based on the performance of the HADAR *** a result,the HADAR experiment can detect 0.5 SGRBs per year if the spectral break-off of γ-rays caused by the internal absorption and Klein-Nishina(KN)effect is larger than 100 *** a GRB090510-like GRB in HADAR's view,it should be possible to detect approximately 2000 photons considering the internal absorption and KN *** a time delay assumption due to LIV effects,a simulated light curve of GRB090510 has evident energy *** hope that the HADAR experiment can perform SGRB observa-tions and test our calculations in the future.

关键词： HADAR simulation gamma ray burst cosmic ray

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND):Science and design

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第1期63卷 1-43页

作者： Jaime Alvarez-Muniz Rafael Alves Batista Aswathi Balagopal V. Julien Bolmont Mauricio bustamante Washington Carvalho Jr. Didier Charrier Ismael Cognard Valentin Decoene Peter B.Denton Sijbrand De Jong Krijn D.De Vries Ralph Engel Ke Fang Chad Finley Stefano Gabici quan bu gou Jun Hua Gu Claire Guépin Hong Bo Hu Yan Huang Kumiko Kotera Sandra Le Coz Jean-Philippe Lenain Guo Liang Léü Olivier Martineau-Huynh Miguel Mostafá Fabrice Mottez Kohta Murase Valentin Niess Foteini Oikonomou Tanguy Pierog Xiang Li Qian Bo Qin Duan Ran Nicolas Renault-Tinacci Markus Roth Frank G.Schroder Fabian Schüssler Cyril Tasse Charles Timmerman Matías Tueros Xiang Ping Wu Philippe Zarka Andreas Zech B.Theodore Zhang Jian Li Zhang Yi Zhang Qian Zheng Anne Zilles Departamento de Fisica de Particulas&lnstituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias Universidad de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela 15782Spain Instituto de Astronomia Geofisica e Ciencias AtmosfericasUniversidade de Sao PauloSao Paulo-SP 05508-090Brazil Department of Physics-Astrophysics University of OxfordDWBOxford 0X13RHUK Institute of Experimental Particle Physics(ETP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsru he D-76021Germany Laboratoire de Physique Nucleeaire et de Hautes Energies(LPNHE) Sorbonne UniversiteUniversite Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris CiteCNRS place Jussieu F-75252Paris Cedex 5France Niels Bohr International Academy and DARK Niels Bohr InstituteCopenhagen 2100Denmark Discovery Center Niels Bohr InstituteCopenhagen 2100Denmark Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics(CCA.PP)&Department of Physics Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH 43210USA Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 15782Spain 0SUBATECH Institut Mines-Telecom Atlantique-CNRS/IN2P3-Universite de NantesNantes 44300France Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de KEnvironnement et de VEspace LPC2E CNRS-Universite d'Orleans Orleans F-45071France Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay Observatoire de ParisCNRS/INSU F-18330 NangayFrance Sorbonne Universite UMR 7095Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris98 bis bd AragoParis 75014France Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics(IMAPP)Radboud UniversiteitNijmegen 6500Netherlands Nationaal Instituut voor Kemfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica(NIKHEF) Amsterdam NL-1009Netherlands IIHE/ELEM Vrije Universiteit BrusselPleinlaan 2Brussels 1050Belgium Institute for Nuclear Physics(IKP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe D-76021Germany Einstein Fellow Stanford UniversityStanford CA 94305USA Department of Astronomy University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742-2421USA Joint Space-Science Institute College Park MD 20742-2421USA Oskar Klein Centre Stockholm UniversityStockholm SE-10691Sweden Department of Phy

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND)is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE)cosmic particles,with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge *** goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic *** do this,GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched *** will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the *** design is modular:20 separate,independent sub-arrays,each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km^2.A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals *** we present the science goals,detection strategy,preliminary design,performance goals,and construction plans for GRAND.

关键词： radio telescopes neutrinos in astronomical observations cosmic rays in astronomical observations radiowave radiation:sources galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays:galactic and extragalactic

Well-Posedness of Equations with Fractional Derivative

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2010年第7期26卷 1223-1232页

作者： Shang quan bu Department of Mathematical Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China

We study the well-posedness of the equations with fractional derivative D^αu（t） = Au（t）＋ f（t）,0≤ t ≤ 2π, where A is a closed operator in a Banach space X, α 〉 0 and D^α is the fractional derivative in the sense of Weyl. Using known results on LP-multipliers, we give necessary and/or sufficient conditions for the LP-well-posedness of this problem. The conditions we give involve the resolvent of A and the Rademacher boundedness. Corresponding results on the well-posedness of this problem in periodic Besov spaces, periodic Triebel-Lizorkin spaces and periodic Hardy spaces are also obtained.

关键词： well-posedness fractional derivative fractional Sobolev spaces Fourier multipliers

Maximal Regularity of Second Order Delay Equations in Banach Spaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2009年第1期25卷 21-28页

作者： Shang quan bu Department of Mathematical Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China

Using known Ca-multiplier result, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the second order delay equations：u″（t）=Au（t）＋Fut＋Gu′＋f（t）,t∈Rto have maximal regularity in HSlder continuous function spaces C^α （R, X）, where X is a Banach space, A is a closed operator in X, F, G ∈L（C（[-r, 0], X）, X） are delay operators for some fixed r 〉 0.

关键词： maximal regularity delay equations Hoelder continuous functions C^α-multiplier

Well-Posedness of Equations with Fractional Derivative via the Method of Sum

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2012年第1期28卷 37-44页

作者： Shang quan bu Department of Mathematical Science University of Tsinghua

We study the well-posedness of the equations with fractional derivative D^αu（t）= Au（t）＋ f（t）（0 ≤ t ≤ 2π）, where A is a closed operator in a Banach space X, 0 〈 α 〈 1 and D^αis the fractional derivative in the sense of Weyl. Although this problem is not always well-posed in L^P（0, 2π; X） or periodic continuous function spaces Cper（[0, 2π]; X）, we show by using the method of sum that it is well-posed in some subspaces of L^P（0, 2π; X） or Cper （[0, 2π]; X）.

关键词： Well-posedness fractional derivative the method of sum real interpolation spaces fractional Sobolev spaces