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Characteristics of extratropical cyclone variability in the Northern Hemisphere and their response to rapid changes in Arctic sea ice

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第10期42卷 10-22页

作者： Di Chen qizhen sun Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China

Extratropical cyclones are critical weather systems that affect large-scale weather and climate changes at mid-high latitudes.However,prior research shows that there are still great difficulties in predicting extratropical cyclones for occurrence,frequency,and position.In this study,mean sea level pressure(MSLP)data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)reanalysis(ERA5)are used to calculate the variance statistics of the MSLP to reveal extratropical cyclone activity(ECA).Based on the analysis of the change characteristics of ECA in the Northern Hemisphere,the intrinsic link between ECA in the Northern Hemisphere and Arctic sea ice is explored.The results show that the maximum ECA mainly occurs in winter over the mid-high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.The maximum ECA changes in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic,which are the largest variations in the Northern Hemisphere,are independent of each other,and their mechanisms may be different.Furthermore,MSLP is a significant physical variable that affects ECA.The North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO)and North Pacific Index(NPI)are significant indices that impact ECA in the North Atlantic and North Pacific,respectively.The innovation of this paper is to explore the relationship between the activity of extratropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere and the abnormal changes in Arctic sea ice for the first time.The mechanism is that the abnormal changes in summer-autumn and winter Arctic sea ice lead to the phase transition of the NPI and NAO,respectively,and then cause the occurrence of ECA in the North Pacific and North Atlantic,respectively.Arctic sea ice plays a crucial role in the ECA in the Northern Hemisphere by influencing the polar vortex and westerly jets.This is the first exploration of ECAs in the Northern Hemisphere using Arctic sea ice,which can provide some references for the in-depth study and prediction of ECAs in the Northern Hemisphere.

关键词： extratropical cyclones mean sea level pressure North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) North Pacific Index(NPI) Arctic sea ice

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Optical Microfber Neuron for Finger Motion Perception

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2022年第2期4卷 226-234页

作者： Yanpeng Li Shijie Tan Liuyang Yang Liangye Li Fang Fang qizhen sun School of Optical and Electronic Information National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access SystemHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074HubeiChina

To achieve dexterous motion controlling of robot,the sensors that function like human neurons for motion perception are essential.In this work,a silica microfber probe-based optical neuron(MPON)for robot fnger motion detection is proposed.The silica microfber probe was fabricated by snapping a biconical silica optical microfber that drawn from the standard optical fbre.Then it was embedded into thin polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)to detect and recognize motions of robotic fnger.Specifcally,a PDMS-Tefon-Microfber-Tefon-PDMS composite structure was prepared to protect the waveguide structure of silica microfber probe and avoid the environmental pollution.With the help of this composite structure,the proposed MPON achieved the accurate measurement of bending angle with large range and fast response.The repeatability and stability of MPON were also investigated.Additionally,diferent fnger motions were successfully distinguished through observing the output power variation of MPON.The proposed MPON could serve as the perceptron of robot hand,which could be applied in dexterous gesture control even human machine interaction.

关键词： Optical neuron Silica microfber probe,fnger motion detection

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Highly sensitive and miniature microfiber-based ultrasound sensor for photoacoustic tomography

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2022年第6期5卷 55-62页

作者： Liuyang Yang Yanpeng Li Fang Fang Liangye Li Zhijun Yan Lin Zhang qizhen sun School of Optical and Electronic Information&National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System(NGIA)&Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(WNLO) Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies Aston UniversityBirmingham B47ETUK.

A microfiber with large evanescent field encapsulated in PDMS is proposed and demonstrated for ultrasound sensing.The compact size and large evanescent field of microfiber provide an excellent platform for the interaction between optical signal and ultrasound wave,exhibiting a high sensitivity of 3.5 mV/kPa,which is approximately 10 times higher than the single-mode fiber sensor.Meanwhile,a phase feedback stabilization module is introduced into the coherent demodulation system for long-term stable measurement.In addition,a photoacoustic tomography experiment with the microfiber ultrasound sensor is implemented to verify the excellent performance on imaging,with the depth of 12 mm,the highest lateral resolution of 65μm and axial resolution of 250μm,respectively.The highly sensitive microfiber ultrasound sensor provides a competitive alternative for various applications,such as industrial non-destructive testing,biomedical ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging.

关键词： ultrasound sensor microfiber photoacoustic tomography

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Time-slot multiplexing based bandwidth enhancement for fiber distributed acoustic sensing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第1期65卷 292-293页

作者： Hao LI Cunzheng FAN Tao LIU Yujia LIU Zhijun YAN Perry SHUM qizhen sun National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Sicence and Technology Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology

Dear editor,The phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry(φ-OTDR) has been demonstrated as the most common technique in fiber distributed acoustic sensing(DAS). However,traditional φ-OTDR based DAS suffered from the inherent trade-off between the maximum frequency response and the distance which can be characterized by distance bandwidth product(DBP), since the time interval of the probe pulses should be larger than the pulse round-trip flight time.

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Impact of Assimilation of Radiosonde and UAV Observations from the Southern Ocean in the Polar WRF Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第5期37卷 441-454页

作者： qizhen sun Timo VIHMA Marius OJONASSEN Zhanhai ZHANG College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Polar Research and Forecasting Division National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterBeijing 100081China Finnish Meteorological Institute PO Box 503Helsinki FI 00101Finland Geophysical Institute University of BergenPO Box 7803Bergen NO 5020Norway The University Centre in Svalbard PO Box 156Longyearbyen NO 9171Norway Key Laboratory for Polar Science of the State Oceanic Administration Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200136China

Weather forecasting in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica is a challenge above all due to the rarity of observations to be assimilated in numerical weather prediction(NWP)models.As observations are expensive and logistically challenging,it is important to evaluate the benefit that additional observations could bring to NWP.Atmospheric soundings applying unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have a large potential to supplement conventional radiosonde sounding observations.Here,we applied UAV and radiosonde sounding observations from an RV Polarstern cruise in the ice-covered Weddell Sea in austral winter 2013 to evaluate the impact of their assimilation in the Polar version of the Weather Research and Forecasting(Polar WRF)model.Our experiments revealed small to moderate impacts of radiosonde and UAV data assimilation.In any case,the assimilation of sounding data from both radiosondes and UAVs improved the analyses of air temperature,wind speed,and humidity at the observation site for most of the time.Further,the impact on the results of 5-day-long Polar WRF experiments was often felt over distances of at least 300 km from the observation site.All experiments succeeded in capturing the main features of the evolution of near-surface variables,but the effects of data assimilation varied between different cases.Due to the limited vertical extent of the UAV observations,the impact of their assimilation was limited to the lowermost 1?2-km layer,and assimilation of radiosonde data was more beneficial for modeled sea level pressure and near-surface wind speed.

关键词： numerical weather prediction radiosonde soundings unmanned aerial vehicles data assimilation Antarctic Southern Ocean

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China’s Recent Progresses in Polar Climate Change and Its Interactions with the Global Climate System

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第8期40卷 1401-1428页

作者： Xichen LI Xianyao CHEN Bingyi WU Xiao CHENG Minghu DING Ruibo LEI Di QI qizhen sun Xiaoyu WANG Wenli ZHONG Lei ZHENG Meijiao XIN Xiaocen SHEN Chentao SONG Yurong HOU Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266061China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences/Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China CMA-FDU Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology Shanghai 200438China School of Geospatial Engineering and Science Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory for Polar Science of the MNR Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200136China Polar and Marine Research Institute Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021China Polar Research and Forecasting Division National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterBeijing 100081China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

During the recent four decades since 1980,a series of modern climate satellites were launched,allowing for the measurement and record-keeping of multiple climate parameters,especially over the polar regions where traditional observations are difficult to obtain.China has been actively engaging in polar expeditions.Many observations were conducted during this period,accompanied by improved Earth climate models,leading to a series of insightful understandings concerning Arctic and Antarctic climate changes.Here,we review the recent progress China has made concerning Arctic and Antarctic climate change research over the past decade.The Arctic temperature increase is much higher than the global-mean warming rate,associated with a rapid decline in sea ice,a phenomenon called the Arctic Amplification.The Antarctic climate changes showed a zonally asymmetric pattern over the past four decades,with most of the fastest changes occurring over West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula.The Arctic and Antarctic climate changes were driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and ozone loss,while tropical-polar teleconnections play important roles in driving the regional climate changes and extreme events over the polar regions.Polar climate changes may also feedback to the entire Earth climate system.The adjustment of the circulation in both the troposphere and the stratosphere contributed to the interactions between the polar climate changes and lower latitudes.Climate change has also driven rapid Arctic and Southern ocean acidification.Chinese researchers have made a series of advances in understanding these processes,as reviewed in this paper.

关键词： polar climate change recent progress in China Arctic amplification tropical-polar interactions global sea level rise stratospheric circulation

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UV-Inscribed Optical Fiber Gratings in Mid-IR Range and Their Laser Applications

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2015年第4期13卷 328-342页

作者： Zhongyuan sun Zhijun Yan Kaiming Zhou qizhen sun Abdulyezir Ayomipo Badmos Lin Zhang Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies Aston University

We have UV-inscribed fiber Bragg gratings （FBGs）, long-period gratings （LPGs） and tilted fiber gratings （TFGs） into mid-IR 2μm range using three common optical fiber grating fabrication techniques （two-beam holographic, phase mask and point-by-point）. The fabricated FBGs have been evaluated for thermal and strain response. It has been revealed that the FBG devices with responses in mid-IR range are much more sensitive to temperature than that in near-IR range. To explore the unique cladding mode coupling function, we have investigated the thermal and refractive index sensitivities of LPGs and identified that the coupled cladding modes in mid-IR range are also much more sensitive to temperature and surrounding medium refractive index change. The 45° tilted fiber gratings （45°-TFGs） as polarizing devices in mid-IR have been investigated for their polarization extinction characteristics. As efficient reflection filters and in-cavity polarizers, the mid-IR FBGs and 45°-TFGs have been employed in fiber laser cavity to realize multi-wavelength 2μm Tm-doped CW and mode locked fiber lasers, respectively.

关键词： Fiber Bragg grating long periodgrating Mid-IR fiber lasers tilted fiber grating.

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Modeling calving process of glacier with dilated polyhedral discrete element method

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第7期40卷 159-169页

作者： Lu Liu Ji Li qizhen sun Chunhua Li Sue Cook Shunying Ji State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of TasmaniaHobart 7001Australia

Mass loss caused by glacier calving is one of the direct contributors to global sea level rise.Reliable calving laws are required for accurate modelling of ice sheet mass balance.Both continuous and discontinuous methods have been used for glacial calving simulations.In this study,the discrete element method(DEM)based on dilated polyhedral elements is introduced to simulate the calving process of a tidewater glacier.Dilated polyhedrons can be obtained from the Minkowski sum of a sphere and a core polyhedron.These elements can be utilized to generate a continuum ice material,where the interaction force between adjacent elements is modeled by constructing bonds at the joints of the common faces.A hybrid fracture model considering fracture energy is introduced.The viscous creep behavior of glaciers on long-term scales is not considered.By applying buoyancy and gravity to the modelled glacier,DEM results show that the calving process is caused by cracks which are initialized at the top of the glacier and spread to the bottom.The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the dilated polyhedral DEM method in glacier simulations,additionally allowing the fragment size of the breaking fragments to be counted.The relationship between crack propagation and internal stress in the glacier is analyzed during calving process.Through the analysis of the Mises stress and the normal stress between the elements,it is found that geometric changes caused by the glacier calving lead to the redistribution of the stress.The tensile stress between the elements is the main influencing factor of glacier ice failure.In addition,the element shape,glacier base friction and buoyancy are studied,the results show that the glacier model based on the dilated polyhedral DEM is sensitive to the above conditions.

关键词： glacier calving discrete element method dilated polyhedral element bond and fracture model

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Phase-tailored assembly and encoding of dissipative soliton molecules

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第6期12卷 1061-1070页

作者： Yusong Liu Siyun Huang Zilong Li Haoguang Liu Yixiang sun Ran Xia Lisong Yan Yiyang Luo Huanhuan Liu Gang Xu qizhen sun Xiahui Tang Perry Ping Shum School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems(Ministry of Education) Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina

Self-assembly of particle-like dissipative solitons,in the presence of mutual interactions,emphasizes the vibrant concept of soliton molecules in varieties of laser resonators.Controllable manipulation of the molecular patterns,held by the degrees of freedom of internal motions,still remains challenging to explore more efficient and subtle tailoring approaches for the increasing demands.Here,we report a new phase-tailored quaternary encoding format based on the controllable internal assembly of dissipative soliton molecules.Artificial manipulation of the energy exchange of soliton-molecular elements stimulates the deterministic harnessing of the assemblies of internal dynamics.Self-assembled soliton molecules are tailored into four phase-defined regimes,thus constituting the phase-tailored quaternary encoding format.Such phase-tailored streams are endowed with great robustness and are resistant to significant timing jitter.All these results experimentally demonstrate the programmable phase tailoring and exemplify the application of the phase-tailored quaternary encoding,prospectively promoting high-capacity all-optical storage.

关键词： soliton dissipative quaternary

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Fiber up-taper assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer for high sensitive temperature sensing

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2015年第4期8卷 431-438页

作者： Lili MAO qizhen sun Ping LU Zefeng LAO Deming LIU National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Intemet Access System Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China College of Optical and electronic information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China College of Electrical and electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

A new in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer （MZI） sensor consisting of a stub of multi-mode fiber and an up-taper was proposed and demonstrated. Temperature measurement can be carried out by detecting wavelength shift. Dependency of sensitivity on interferometer length and dip wavelength was discussed. Experimental results showed a maximum temperature sensitivity of 113.6pm/℃ can be achieved, which is superior to most fiber temperature sensors based on in-line MZIs within the range from 20℃ to 80℃, also a good mechanical strength can be obtained. The proposed sensor is a good candidate for temperature measurement, due to the advantages of simple structure, easy fabrication, cost- effective and high sensitivity.

关键词： fiber sensor Mach-Zehnder interferometer（MZI） multimode fiber （MMF） up-taper

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