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Molecule-based vertical transistor via intermolecular charge transport throughπ-πstacking

Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4573-4581页

作者： Cheng Liu Cheng Fu Lingyu Tang Jianghua Wu Zhangyan Mu Yamei Sun Yanghang Pan Bailin Tian Kai Bao Jing Ma Qiyuan He Mengning Ding Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Theπ-πstacking is a well-recognized intermolecular interaction that is responsible for the construction of electron hopping channels in numerous conducting frameworks/aggregates.However,the exact role ofπ-to-πchannels within typical single crystalline organic semiconductors remains unclear as the orientations of these molecules are diverse,and their control usually requires additional side chain groups that misrepresent the intrinsic properties of the original semiconducting molecules.Therefore,the construction of conduction channels with intrinsicπ-πstacking in the molecule-based device is crucial for the utilization of their unique transport characteristics and understanding of the transport mechanism.To this end,we present a molecular intercalation strategy that integrates two-dimensional layered materials with functional organic semiconductor molecules for functional molecule-based electronics.Various organic semiconductor molecules can be effectively intercalated into the van der Waals gaps of semi-metallic TaS_(2) withπ-πstacking configuration and controlled intercalant content.Our results show that the vertical charge transport in the stacking direction shows a tunneling-dominated mechanism that strongly depends on the molecular structures.Furthermore,we demonstrated a new type of molecule-based vertical transistor in which TaS_(2) andπ-πstacked organic molecules function as the electrical contact and the active channel,respectively.On/off ratios as high as 447 are achieved under electrostatic modulation in ionic liquid,comparable to the current state-of-the-art molecular transistors.Our study provides an ideal platform for probing intrinsic charge transport acrossπ-πstacked conjugated molecules and also a feasible approach for the construction of high-performance molecule-based electronic devices.

关键词： π-πstacking electrochemical intercalation organic semiconductor electrical transport tunneling field effect transistor

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Two-dimensional material-based virus detection

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第3期65卷 497-513页

作者： Wenbin Wang Wei Zhai Ye Chen Qiyuan He Hua Zhang Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center(NPMM) City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Shenzhen Research Institute City University of Hong KongShenzhen 518057China

Cost-effective, rapid, and accurate virus detection technologies play key roles in reducing viral transmission. Prompt and accurate virus detection enables timely treatment and effective quarantine of virus carrier, and therefore effectively reduces the possibility of large-scale spread. However, conventional virus detection techniques often suffer from slow response, high cost or sophisticated procedures. Recently, two-dimensional(2D) materials have been used as promising sensing platforms for the highperformance detection of a variety of chemical and biological substances. The unique properties of 2D materials, such as large specific area, active surface interaction with biomolecules and facile surface functionalization, provide advantages in developing novel virus detection technologies with fast response and high sensitivity. Furthermore, 2D materials possess versatile and tunable electronic, electrochemical and optical properties, making them ideal platforms to demonstrate conceptual sensing techniques and explore complex sensing mechanisms in next-generation biosensors. In this review, we first briefly summarize the virus detection techniques with an emphasis on the current efforts in fighting again COVID-19. Then, we introduce the preparation methods and properties of 2D materials utilized in biosensors, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs) and other 2D materials. Furthermore, we discuss the working principles of various virus detection technologies based on emerging 2D materials, such as field-effect transistor-based virus detection, electrochemical virus detection, optical virus detection and other virus detection techniques. Then, we elaborate on the essential works in 2D material-based high-performance virus detection. Finally, our perspective on the challenges and future research direction in this field is discussed.

关键词： two-dimensional materials virus detection field-effect transistor biosensor COVID-19

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Enhancing Image Description Generation through Deep Reinforcement Learning:Fusing Multiple Visual Features and Reward Mechanisms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2469-2489页

作者： Yan Li qiyuan Wang Kaidi Jia School of Cyber Security Gansu University of Political Science and LawLanzhou730070China

Image description task is the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing,and it has important prospects,including helping computers understand images and obtaining information for the visually impaired.This study presents an innovative approach employing deep reinforcement learning to enhance the accuracy of natural language descriptions of images.Our method focuses on refining the reward function in deep reinforcement learning,facilitating the generation of precise descriptions by aligning visual and textual features more closely.Our approach comprises three key architectures.Firstly,it utilizes Residual Network 101(ResNet-101)and Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network(Faster R-CNN)to extract average and local image features,respectively,followed by the implementation of a dual attention mechanism for intricate feature fusion.Secondly,the Transformer model is engaged to derive contextual semantic features from textual data.Finally,the generation of descriptive text is executed through a two-layer long short-term memory network(LSTM),directed by the value and reward functions.Compared with the image description method that relies on deep learning,the score of Bilingual Evaluation Understudy(BLEU-1)is 0.762,which is 1.6%higher,and the score of BLEU-4 is 0.299.Consensus-based Image Description Evaluation(CIDEr)scored 0.998,Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation(ROUGE)scored 0.552,the latter improved by 0.36%.These results not only attest to the viability of our approach but also highlight its superiority in the realm of image description.Future research can explore the integration of our method with other artificial intelligence(AI)domains,such as emotional AI,to create more nuanced and context-aware systems.

关键词： Image description deep reinforcement learning attention mechanism

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High-throughput screening system of citrus bacterial cankerassociated transcription factors and its application to the regulation of citrus canker resistance

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 155-165页

作者： Jia Fu Jie Fan Chenxi Zhang Yongyao Fu Baohang Xian qiyuan Yu Xin Huang Wen Yang Shanchun Chen Yongrui he Qiang Li Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China(Chongqing)Science City Citrus Research InstituteSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400712China School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering Yangtze Normal UniversityChongqing 408100China National Citrus Engineering Research Center Chongqing 400712China

One of the main diseases that adversely impacts the global citrus industry is citrus bacterial canker(CBC),caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri(Xcc).Response to CBC is a complex process,with both proteinDNA as well as protein–protein interactions for the regulatory network.To detect such interactions in CBC resistant regulation,a citrus high-throughput screening system with 203 CBC-inducible transcription factors(TFs),were developed.Screening the upstream regulators of target by yeast-one hybrid(Y1H)methods was also performed.A regulatory module of CBC resistance was identified based on this system.One TF(CsDOF5.8)was explored due to its interactions with the 1-kb promoter fragment of CsPrx25,a resistant gene of CBC involved in reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis regulation.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),dual-LUC assays,as well as transient overexpression of CsDOF5.8,further validated the interactions and transcriptional regulation.The CsDOF5.8–CsPrx25 promoter interaction revealed a complex pathway that governs the regulation of CBC resistance via H2O2homeostasis.The high-throughput Y1H/Y2H screening system could be an efficient tool for studying regulatory pathways or network of CBC resistance regulation.In addition,it could highlight the potential of these candidate genes as targets for efforts to breed CBC-resistant citrus varieties.

关键词： citrus bacterial canker(CBC) high-throughput screening system transcription factor(TF) yeast-one hybrid(Y1H) CsPrx25

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Ethylene thiourea exposure induces neurobehavioral toxicity in zebrafish by disrupting axon growth and neuromuscular junctions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 108-119页

作者： Jingming Wang Zhiquan Yu Yongfeng Wang Yuanyao Chen Lin Xiao Yanjun Zong qiyuan Feng Lianqi Peng Huiping Zhang Chunyan Liu Institute of Reproductive health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Ethylene thiourea(ETU)converted from ethylene bisdithiocarbamate(EBDC)fungicides has aroused great concern because of its prevalence and harmful effects.Although ETU-induced neurotoxicity has been reported,the potential mechanisms remain unclear.This study provided insights into its neurotoxic effects at environmentally relevant concentrations in zebrafish.Our findings showed that embryonic exposure to ETU decreased the hatch rate and delayed somite development.Furthermore,ETU treatment significantly reduced the dark velocity in the locomotion assay.The upregulated tendency of the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)pathway(mknk1,atf4,mapkapk3)screened by transcriptome analysis implied motor neuron degeneration,which was validated by subsequent morphological observation,as axon length and branches were truncated in the 62.5μg/L ETU group.However,although the rescue experiment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor(SB203580)successfully ameliorated axon degeneration,it failed to reverse the locomotion behaviors.Further exploration of transcriptome data revealed the varied expression of presynaptic scaffold protein-related genes(pcloa,pclob,bsna),whose downregulation might impair the neuromuscular junction(NMJ).Therefore,we reasonably suspected that ETU-induced neurobehavioral deficits might result from the combined effects of the MAPK pathway and presynaptic proteins.Considering this,we highlighted the necessity to take precautions and early interventions for susceptible ETU-exposed populations.

关键词： Ethylene thiourea(ETU) Behavior Neuromuscular junction MAPK signaling pathway Piccolo and bassoon Danio rerio

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Inhibition of SLC26A4 regulated by electroacupuncture suppresses the progression of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

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BIOCELL 2024年第4期48卷 665-675页

作者： FEI KONG qiyuan TIAN BINGLIN KUANG LILI SHANG XIAOXIAO ZHANG DONGYANG LI YING KONG Department of Endocrinology Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin150040China Department of Cardiology Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin150040China College of Clinical Medicine Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin150040China Department of Nephrology Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineBeijing100039China College of Acupuncture and Massage Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin150040China Department of Acupuncture Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin150040China

Introduction:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury has received widespread attention due to its damaging effects.Electroacupuncture(EA)pretreatment has preventive effects on myocardial IR injury.SLC26A4 is a Na+independent anion reverse transporter and has not been reported in myocardial IR injury.Objectives:Toﬁnd potential genes that may be regulated by EA and explore the role of this gene in myocardial IR injury.Methods:RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to obtain the differentially expressed genes in the myocardial tissue of IR rats with EA pretreatment.Myocardial infarction size was detected by TTC staining.Serum CK,creatinine kinase-myocardial band,Cardiac troponin I,and lactate dehydrogenase levels were determined by ELISA.The effect of SLC26A4 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis was explored by TUNEL staining and western blotting.The effects of SLC26A4 on inﬂammation were determined by he staining,ELISA,and real-time PCR.The effect of SLC26A4 on the NF-κB pathway was determined by western blotting.Results:SLC26A4 was up-regulated in IR rats but downregulated in IR rats with EA pretreatment.Compared with IR rats,those with SLC26A4 knockdown exhibited improved cardiac function according to decreased myocardial infarction size,reduced serum LDH/CK/CK-MB/cTnI levels,and elevated left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening.SLC26A4 silencing inhibited myocardial inﬂammation,cell apoptosis,phosphorylation,and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65.Conclusion:SLC26A4 exhibited promoting effects on myocardial IR injury,while the SLC26A4 knockdown had an inhibitory effect on the NF-κB pathway.These results further unveil the role of SLC26A4 in IR injury.

关键词： Myocardial ischemia Reperfusion SLC26A4 NF-κB pathway

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Elaborations of the influencing factors on the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols in a heavily polluted urban area of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 406-417页

作者： Shuang Wang qiyuan Wang Ting Zhang Suixin Liu Steven Sai Hang Ho Jie Tian Hui Su Yong Zhang Luyao Wang Tingting Wu Junji Cao School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary GeologyInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain Xi’an 710061China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNevada89512United States Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory KowloonHong Kong SARChina Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In this study,online water-soluble inorganic ions were detected to deduce the formation mechanism of secondary inorganic aerosol in Xianyang,China during wintertime.The dominant inorganic ions of sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))(the sum of those is abbreviated as SNA)accounted for 17%,21%,and 12% of PM_(2.5)mass,respectively.While the air quality deteriorated from excellent to poor grades,the precursor gas sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))of SO_(4)^(2-)increased and then decreased with a fluctuation,while nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))and ammonia(NH_(3)),precursors of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+),and SNA show increasing trends.Meteorological factors including boundary layer height(BLH),temperature,and wind speed also show decline trends,except relative humidity(RH).Meanwhile,the secondary conversion ratio shows a remarkable increasing trend,indicating that there was a strong secondary transformation.From the perspective of chemical mechanisms,RH is positively correlated with sulfur oxidation ratios(SOR),nitrogen oxidation ratios(NOR),and ammonia conversion ratios,representing that the increase of humidity could promote the generation of SNA.Notably,SOR and NOR were also positively related to the ammonia.On the one hand,the low wind speed and BLH led to the accumulation of pollutants.On the other hand,the increases of RH and ammonia promoted more formations of SNA and PM_(2.5).The results advance our identification of the contributors to the haze episodes and assist to establish more efficient emission controls in Xianyang,in addition to other cities with similar emission and geographical characteristics.

关键词： Haze episodes Secondary inorganic aerosol Secondary conversion ratio Meteorological factors

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Characterization and prediction of tailpipe ammonia emissions from in-use China 5/6 light-duty gasoline vehicles

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 71-81页

作者： Lewei Zeng Fengbin Wang Shupei Xiao Xuan Zheng Xintong Li qiyuan Xie Xiaoyang Yu Cheng Huang Qingyao Hu Yan You Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.Ltd. Tianjin 300300China CATARC Automotive Test Center(Guangzhou)Co.Ltd. Guangzhou 511300China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

On-road tailpipe ammonia (NH3) emissions contribute to urban secondary organic aerosol formation and have direct or indirect adverse impacts on the environment and human health. To understand the tailpipe NH3 emission characteristics, we performed comprehensive chassis dynamometer measurements of NH3 emission from two China 5 and two China 6 light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) equipped with three-way catalytic converters (TWCs). The results showed that the distance-based emission factors (EFs) were 12.72 ± 2.68 and 3.18 ± 1.37 mg/km for China 5 and China 6 LDGVs, respectively. Upgrades in emission standards were associated with a reduction in tailpipe NH3 emission. In addition, high NH3 EFs were observed during the engine warm-up period in cold-start cases owing to the intensive emissions of incomplete combustion products and suitable catalytic temperature in the TWCs. Notably, based on the instantaneous NH3 emission rate, distinct NH3–emitting events were detected under high/extra high velocity or rapid acceleration. Furthermore, NH3 emission rates correlated well with engine speed, vehicle specific power, and modified combustion efficiency, which were more easily accessible. These strong correlations were applied to reproduce NH3 emissions from China 5/6 LDGVs. The predicted NH3 EFs under different dynamometer and real-world cycles agreed well with existing measurement and prediction results, revealing that the NH3 EFs of LDGVs in urban routes were within 8.55–11.62 mg/km. The results presented here substantially contribute to improving the NH3 emission inventory for LDGVs and predicting on-road NH3 emissions in China.

关键词： NH3 instantaneous emissions Catalytic temperature Vehicle specific power Combustion efficiency Emission prediction

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Growth of nitrate contribution to aerosol pollution during wintertime in Xi'an,northwest China:Formation mechanism and effects of NH_(3)

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 303-315页

作者： Hui Su Ting Zhang Suixin Liu Yao Qu Huan Li Jiamao Zhou Zhuzi Zhao qiyuan Wang Lu Li Minxia Shen Shuoyuan Chen Steven Sai Hang Ho Junji Cao State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology.Key Laboratory ofAerosol Chemistry and Plhysics Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Acadery of SciencesXi'an 710061China Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi'an 710061China National pbservation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Cornprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain Xi'an 710061China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Atmospheric and Haze fog Pollution Prevention Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhou 213001China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteReno NV89512United States Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

With the strengthened controls on SO2 emissions and extensive increases in motor vehicles'exhaust,aerosol pollution shifts from sulfate-rich to nitrate-rich in recent years in Xi'an,China.To further gain insights into the factors on nitrate formation and efficiently mitigate air pollution,highly time-resolved observations of water-soluble inorganic ions(WSIIs)in PM_(2.5) were measured in a suburban area of Xi'an,China during wintertime.Hourly concentration of total WSIIs is 39.8μg m-3 on average,accounting for 50.3%of PM_(2.5) mass.In contrast to a slight decrease in the mass fraction of SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(3)-shows a sig-nificant increase of the PM_(2.5) contribution with the aggravation of aerosol pollution.This suggests the importance of NO_(3)-formation to haze evolution.Furthermore,homogeneous reactions govern the formation of NO_(3)-,while alkali metals such as calcium and sodium play an additional role in retaining NO_(3)-in PM_(2.5) during clean periods.However,the heterogeneous hydrolysis reaction contributed more to NO_(3)-formation during the pollution periods under high relative humidity.Our investigation reveals that temperature,relative humidity,oxidant,and ammonia emissions facilitate rapid NO_(3)-formation.Using the random forest(RF)model,NO_(3)-concentrations were successfully simulated with measured variables for the training and testing datasets(R2>0.95).Among these variables,CO,NH_(3),and NO_(2) were found to be the main factors affecting the NO_(3)-concentrations.Compared with the period without vehicle re-striction,the contributions of NO_(3)-and NH4+to PM_(2.5) mass decreased by 5.3%and 3.4%in traffic re-striction periods,respectively.The vehicle restriction leads to the decreases of precursor gases of NO_(2),SO_(2),and NH_(3) by 12.8%,5.9%,and 27.6%,respectively.The results demonstrate collaborative emission reduction of NO_(x) and NH_(3) by vehicle restrictions,and using new energy vehicles(or electric vehicles)can effectively alleviate particulate matter pollution in northwest China.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Water-soluble inorganic ions Nitrate formation Excess ammonium Vehicle restrictions

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超大城市相对贫困治理:学理探析与国际经验

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上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2024年第6期32卷 34-47页

作者：侯启缘北京航空航天大学马克思主义学院中国人民大学全球治理与发展研究院北京100083

随着脱贫攻坚目标的完成,我国贫困治理已从绝对贫困治理向相对贫困治理、从农村贫困治理向城乡贫困共治的新阶段转型。从理论机理来看,超大城市作为区域甚至全国的经济增长极,具有发展机遇更多、资源稀缺性更强和社会结构更复杂等特殊性... 详细信息

随着脱贫攻坚目标的完成,我国贫困治理已从绝对贫困治理向相对贫困治理、从农村贫困治理向城乡贫困共治的新阶段转型。从理论机理来看,超大城市作为区域甚至全国的经济增长极,具有发展机遇更多、资源稀缺性更强和社会结构更复杂等特殊性,相应地,超大城市相对贫困治理也呈现出主动贫困、贫困放大和多元贫困等问题,需要以发展匹配、社会保障和分类治理为治理靶向发力;而国际主要城市的贫困治理发展历程及相应措施也为中国超大城市相对贫困治理提供了贫困测度、差异化治理、最低工资标准等有益经验。基于此,超大城市相对贫困治理需要形成包含贫困测度、人力培育、协调发展、“提低”保障和分类精准治理等具体措施的政策体系。

关键词：城市贫困相对贫困国际经验超大城市

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